Environmental determinants of venom variability in captive scorpions: A comprehensive analysis of diet, temperature, and humidity effects.

IF 2.6 4区医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Toxicon Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108151

Zineb Agourram, Razana Zegrari, Anass Kettani, Bouabid Badaoui, Mouad Mkamel

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Abstract

This study examines the effects of environmental conditions on venom production in four prevalent scorpion species in Morocco: Androctonus amoreuxi, Androctonus mauretanicus, Buthus mardochei, and Scorpio maurus. The research focuses on how climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, and diet-specifically mealworm consumption-affect physical parameters including size and weight, and ultimately venom yield. We conducted a comprehensive investigation involving the capture, acclimatization, and systematic venom extraction from 480 scorpions. Our findings indicate considerable variations in venom volumes, with Scorpio maurus showing a reduced yield compared to Androctonus amoreuxi. Key determinants of venom production were identified as humidity and dietary intake, pointing to significant implications for interspecific diversity and acclimatization processes. These insights have crucial implications for medical and pharmaceutical applications, emphasizing the need for species-specific husbandry protocols to optimize venom extraction for therapeutic use.

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人工饲养蝎子毒液变异性的环境决定因素：对饮食、温度和湿度影响的综合分析

本研究探讨了环境条件对摩洛哥四种常见蝎子毒液分泌的影响：Androctonus amoreuxi、Androctonus mauretanicus、Buthus mardochei 和 Scorpio maurus。研究的重点是温度、湿度等气候因素和食物（特别是黄粉虫的食用量）如何影响体型和重量等物理参数，并最终影响毒液产量。我们对 480 只蝎子进行了全面调查，包括捕捉、适应环境和系统提取毒液。我们的研究结果表明，蝎子的毒液量存在很大差异，蝎尾蝎的毒液产量比蝎尾蝎低。毒液产量的主要决定因素是湿度和食物摄入量，这对种间多样性和适应过程具有重要影响。这些见解对医疗和制药应用具有重要意义，强调需要制定针对特定物种的饲养规程，以优化用于治疗的毒液提取。

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来源期刊

Toxicon 医学-毒理学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

10.70%

发文量

358

审稿时长

68 days

期刊介绍： Toxicon has an open access mirror Toxicon: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. An introductory offer Toxicon: X - full waiver of the Open Access fee. Toxicon''s "aims and scope" are to publish: -articles containing the results of original research on problems related to toxins derived from animals, plants and microorganisms -papers on novel findings related to the chemical, pharmacological, toxicological, and immunological properties of natural toxins -molecular biological studies of toxins and other genes from poisonous and venomous organisms that advance understanding of the role or function of toxins -clinical observations on poisoning and envenoming where a new therapeutic principle has been proposed or a decidedly superior clinical result has been obtained. -material on the use of toxins as tools in studying biological processes and material on subjects related to venom and antivenom problems. -articles on the translational application of toxins, for example as drugs and insecticides -epidemiological studies on envenoming or poisoning, so long as they highlight a previously unrecognised medical problem or provide insight into the prevention or medical treatment of envenoming or poisoning. Retrospective surveys of hospital records, especially those lacking species identification, will not be considered for publication. Properly designed prospective community-based surveys are strongly encouraged. -articles describing well-known activities of venoms, such as antibacterial, anticancer, and analgesic activities of arachnid venoms, without any attempt to define the mechanism of action or purify the active component, will not be considered for publication in Toxicon. -review articles on problems related to toxinology. To encourage the exchange of ideas, sections of the journal may be devoted to Short Communications, Letters to the Editor and activities of the affiliated societies.