Carbon data and its requirements in infrastructure-related GHG standards

IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Environmental Science & Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103935
Jinying Xu , Kristen MacAskill
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Abstract

Accurate carbon data is crucial for informed decision-making to achieve net-zero targets within the next several decades. However, data collection in the infrastructure sector faces significant challenges. Carbon data is either manually collected or extracted from design models, and carbon factors often come from secondary databases with varying boundaries and assumptions. Distributed infrastructure presents complex data management issues throughout its lifecycle, leading to uncertainty in accurately estimating emissions. Despite numerous guidelines and standards emerging since the 1990s, trustworthy data management remains nascent. This paper provides a thematic review of international, European and British standards for carbon data in distributed infrastructure, focusing on data categories, measurement methods, and sources. The standards broadly set out the boundaries of the assessment in terms of emission scopes and categories. While three scopes of emissions are often recognised, many standards do not yet require Scope 3 accounting. Embodied carbon is the current key focus whilst operational carbon is gaining more attention. The lifecycle analysis method is a dominating method for measuring lifecycle embodied emissions. Standards endeavour to direct the user to quality sources of activity data and emission factors; they also emphasise using primary activity data and specific emission factors from reliable sources and accurate measurement methods to enhance data trustworthiness. Developing a standardised carbon data collection methodology with a unified scheme, standard format, clear ontology, streamlined process, and transparent sharing protocol is essential and warrants further research.
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碳数据及其在基础设施相关温室气体标准中的要求
准确的碳数据对于在未来几十年内实现净零碳目标的明智决策至关重要。然而,基础设施领域的数据收集工作面临着巨大挑战。碳数据要么是人工收集的,要么是从设计模型中提取的,而碳系数通常来自二级数据库,其边界和假设各不相同。分布式基础设施在其整个生命周期内都面临着复杂的数据管理问题,导致在准确估算排放量方面存在不确定性。尽管自 20 世纪 90 年代以来出现了许多指南和标准,但值得信赖的数据管理仍然刚刚起步。本文对分布式基础设施碳数据的国际、欧洲和英国标准进行了专题回顾,重点关注数据类别、测量方法和来源。这些标准大致规定了排放范围和类别的评估界限。虽然三个排放范围通常得到认可,但许多标准尚未要求范围 3 的核算。体现碳是当前的重点,而运营碳则越来越受关注。生命周期分析法是测量生命周期内含排放量的主要方法。标准致力于引导用户使用高质量的活动数据源和排放因子;标准还强调使用可靠来源的原始活动数据和特定排放因子以及精确的测量方法,以提高数据的可信度。开发具有统一方案、标准格式、清晰本体、简化流程和透明共享协议的标准化碳数据收集方法至关重要,值得进一步研究。
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来源期刊
Environmental Science & Policy
Environmental Science & Policy 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
332
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: Environmental Science & Policy promotes communication among government, business and industry, academia, and non-governmental organisations who are instrumental in the solution of environmental problems. It also seeks to advance interdisciplinary research of policy relevance on environmental issues such as climate change, biodiversity, environmental pollution and wastes, renewable and non-renewable natural resources, sustainability, and the interactions among these issues. The journal emphasises the linkages between these environmental issues and social and economic issues such as production, transport, consumption, growth, demographic changes, well-being, and health. However, the subject coverage will not be restricted to these issues and the introduction of new dimensions will be encouraged.
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