When life-saving measures lead to trauma: Subcapsular hepatic hematoma after CPR

Abstract

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical intervention for cardiac arrest but can result in significant internal injuries due to the force of chest compressions. Among these, subcapsular hepatic hematoma is a rare and serious complication. Here we present a 55-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse presented with a severe ischemic stroke and subsequently required CPR due to pulseless ventricular tachycardia. Following resuscitation, the patient developed a subcapsular hepatic hematoma, likely caused by the trauma of chest compressions. The patient also had a complex clinical course involving hemorrhagic conversion of the stroke and the need for anticoagulation due to bilateral pulmonary emboli, which further complicated the management of the hepatic hematoma. The identification of the hematoma was achieved through contrast-enhanced CT imaging after the patient exhibited worsening abdominal discomfort and signs of internal bleeding. The management focused on balancing the need for anticoagulation with the risks of further bleeding from the hematoma. A multidisciplinary approach was essential, involving close monitoring, potential surgical intervention, and careful adjustment of anticoagulant therapy. This case emphasizes the importance of recognizing the potential for internal injuries following CPR, especially in patients requiring anticoagulation. Early detection through imaging and a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach are crucial in managing such complications and improving patient outcomes.