An operational framework for wildlife health in the One Health approach

IF 4.1 2区 医学 Q1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES One Health Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100922
C. Goulet , M. de Garine-Wichatitsky , P. Chardonnet , L.-M. de Klerk , R. Kock , S. Muset , R. Suu-Ire , A. Caron
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Abstract

Wildlife is an essential component of biodiversity and provides people with multiple social and economic benefits. However, a resurgence of epidemics over the past two decades has highlighted wildlife's role as a potential source of dangerous pathogens for humans and livestock, with devastating consequences worldwide. Simultaneously, numerous reports have indicated that wildlife populations are declining at an alarming rate due to human and livestock pathogens, predation, and competition. An integrated approach to managing wildlife, human, and domestic animal health is therefore clearly needed. Yet this integration often fails to materialize due to a lack of wildlife health standards and know-how. Here, we present an operational framework that follows a step-by-step approach: i) a holistic definition of human health is adapted to the context of other-than-human animals, including wildlife; then, ii) different categories of wildlife living within a landscape or a country are defined based on the management systems under which they live. For each wildlife category, the type (natural vs. anthropogenic) of habitat, the nature of the interface of wildlife with humans and/or livestock, and the level of sanitary control are defined; and finally, iii) the holistic definition of wildlife health is considered in relation to each wildlife category to define health challenges and the domains of expertise required to address them. This framework can assist national and international agencies, including veterinary and wildlife authorities and policy makers, in defining wildlife health priorities, responsibilities, policies and capacity building strategies. The extensive interdisciplinary collaboration needed to manage the many different aspects of wildlife health calls for a more integrated One Health approach.
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一个健康 "方法中的野生动物健康业务框架
野生动物是生物多样性的重要组成部分,为人类带来多种社会和经济效益。然而,在过去二十年里,流行病的再次爆发凸显了野生动物作为人类和牲畜危险病原体潜在来源的作用,在全球范围内造成了破坏性后果。与此同时,大量报告显示,由于人类和牲畜的病原体、捕食和竞争,野生动物的数量正在以惊人的速度减少。因此,显然需要一种综合方法来管理野生动物、人类和家畜的健康。然而,由于缺乏野生动物健康标准和专门技术,这种整合往往无法实现。在此,我们提出了一个循序渐进的操作框架:i) 将人类健康的整体定义适用于包括野生动物在内的非人类动物;然后,ii) 根据生活在一个景观或国家中的野生动物所处的管理系统,对其进行不同类别的定义。对于每个野生动物类别,定义栖息地的类型(自然栖息地与人为栖息地)、野生动物与人类和/或牲畜接触的性质以及卫生控制水平;最后,iii)根据每个野生动物类别考虑野生动物健康的整体定义,以确定健康挑战和应对这些挑战所需的专业知识领域。这一框架可以帮助国家和国际机构,包括兽医和野生动物管理机构以及政策制定者,确定野生动物健康的优先事项、责任、政策和能力建设战略。管理野生动物健康的许多不同方面需要广泛的跨学科合作,这就要求采取更加综合的 "一体健康 "方法。
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来源期刊
One Health
One Health Medicine-Infectious Diseases
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
4.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
18 weeks
期刊介绍: One Health - a Gold Open Access journal. The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information. Submissions to the following categories are welcome: Virology, Bacteriology, Parasitology, Mycology, Vectors and vector-borne diseases, Co-infections and co-morbidities, Disease spatial surveillance, Modelling, Tropical Health, Discovery, Ecosystem Health, Public Health.
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