Limin Wang, Guanyan Li, Xiangmeng Chen, Yafeng Yang, Rock Keey Liew, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Su Shiung Lam, Rahma Sellami, Wanxi Peng, Hanyin Li
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Abstract
The increasing dependence on non-renewable fossil fuels has resulted in notable environmental challenges such as air pollution and the greenhouse effect, highlighting the urgency for alternative energy sources. Biomass, particularly agricultural and forestry waste, offers a promising solution as it could be revamped as worthy products including sugars, lipids, and bio-oils, which can then be further processed into fuels such as ethanol and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This process has the potential to alleviate environmental pollution and decrease landfill waste. However, the intricate composition of biomass especially the bonding of lignin with other cell wall components presents significant obstacles to efficient conversion. Ongoing scientific endeavors are directed toward refining pretreatment methods to enhance the separation and conversion processes, with the ultimate goal of advancing the economic and environmental feasibility of biomass as a renewable resource. This review discusses significant developments in biomass extraction and conversion techniques notably pyrolysis, which generates bio-oil, non-condensable gases, and biochar with up to 46.9% bio-oil yields. Furthermore, acid–alkali pretreatment has demonstrated effective lignin removal, with studies reporting up to 93.2% lignin purity and 86.6% recovery rates. Salt and ionic liquid pretreatments have shown improved hydrophilic properties and chemical composition of lignin, achieving up to 82% lignin removal. Additionally, the addition of ethylene glycol has facilitated efficient cellulose recovery, achieving 100% yield in certain cases. Enzymatic hydrolysis using advanced enzyme mixtures has significantly reduced costs and increased efficiency, exemplified by a 51.3% oil production rate from sweet sorghum straw. These advancements emphasize the potential of integrated and optimized pretreatment strategies to enhance biomass conversion processes, thereby contributing to more sustainable and economically feasible renewable energy solutions.
期刊介绍：
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field.
The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest.
Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials.
Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.
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