Recycling of spent heat pack towards Fe-Fe3O4@NC catalyst for ORR in direct methanol fuel cells and Al-air batteries

IF 8.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Sustainable Materials and Technologies Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI:10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01153
Keyru Serbara Bejigo , Ruby Alphonse Raj , Sang-Jae Kim
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Abstract

The effective repurposing of waste materials is crucial for sustainable development. The widespread use of disposable iron-based chemical warmers (IBCW) generates substantial solid waste annually. In this study, IBCWs were repurposed as raw materials to synthesize different electrocatalyst composites comprising metallic and oxide forms of iron embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon (NC). The composites were evaluated as oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. The optimized Fe-Fe3O4@NC demonstrated enhanced ORR kinetics, with an onset potential of 0.92 V and a half-wave potential of 0.86 V vs. RHE. As an air cathode for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), Fe-Fe3O4@NC achieved a power density of 33.3 mW cm−2 at 88 mA cm−2, demonstrating its practical applicability. Additionally, a quasi solid-state aluminium-air battery (SAAB) was assembled using this catalyst as the air cathode with a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and the separator. The quasi SAAB exhibited an open circuit voltage (OCV) of 1.46 V, a power density of 40 mW cm-2, and good rate capability compared to Pt/C. The combined effect of metallic and oxide iron with nitrogen doping enhances the overall catalytic activity. This study demonstrates that IBCWs can be effectively transformed into valuable catalysts for renewable energy applications, enabling clean and sustainable utilization of waste materials.

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在直接甲醇燃料电池和铝-空气电池中回收利用废热包中的 Fe-Fe3O4@NC 催化剂,用于 ORR
废旧材料的有效再利用对于可持续发展至关重要。一次性铁基化学加热器(IBCW)的广泛使用每年产生大量固体废物。本研究以 IBCW 为原料,合成了不同的电催化剂复合材料,其中包括嵌入掺氮碳(NC)中的金属和氧化物形式的铁。这些复合材料作为氧还原反应(ORR)催化剂进行了评估。优化的 Fe-Fe3O4@NC 显示出更强的 ORR 动力学,与 RHE 相比,起始电位为 0.92 V,半波电位为 0.86 V。作为直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)的空气阴极,Fe-Fe3O4@NC 在 88 mA cm-2 的条件下实现了 33.3 mW cm-2 的功率密度,证明了其实用性。此外,还利用这种催化剂作为空气阴极,以 PVA-KOH 凝胶电解质和隔膜组装了准固态铝-空气电池(SAAB)。与 Pt/C 相比,准 SAAB 的开路电压 (OCV) 为 1.46 V,功率密度为 40 mW cm-2,并具有良好的速率能力。金属铁和氧化铁以及氮掺杂的共同作用增强了整体催化活性。这项研究表明,IBCW 可以有效地转化为有价值的催化剂,应用于可再生能源领域,实现废弃材料的清洁和可持续利用。
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来源期刊
Sustainable Materials and Technologies
Sustainable Materials and Technologies Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
13.40
自引率
4.20%
发文量
158
审稿时长
45 days
期刊介绍: Sustainable Materials and Technologies (SM&T), an international, cross-disciplinary, fully open access journal published by Elsevier, focuses on original full-length research articles and reviews. It covers applied or fundamental science of nano-, micro-, meso-, and macro-scale aspects of materials and technologies for sustainable development. SM&T gives special attention to contributions that bridge the knowledge gap between materials and system designs.
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