Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

Development of Cu/Fe-Co/G electrocatalyst derived from Cu decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework/graphene oxide for advanced water splitting 铜修饰咪唑酸沸石骨架/氧化石墨烯制备的Cu/Fe-Co/G电催化剂的研究

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01855

Mustafa Farajzadeh, Fatemeh Rahnemaye Rahsepar

Designing efficient oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions (OER/HER) electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainable and clean energy production through water splitting, thereby helping to address the global energy crisis. Herein, a multi-metallic Cu/Fe-Co/G nanocomposite was synthesized by decorating Cu on Fe-doped ZIF-67 (FZIF67) supported on graphene oxide (GO) through a pyrolysis strategy. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by their structural and morphological features using FT-IR, XRD, XPS, FE-SEM (coupled with elemental mapping), EDX, and BET analyses. The results revealed that Cu decoration on the FZIF67/rGO significantly affects the crystalline structure and surface area of the nanocomposite. Owing to the synergistic interaction between Cu, Fe, and Co with GO nanosheets, the Cu/Fe-Co/G composite exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity, achieving overpotentials of only 292 mV for OER and 308 mV (272 mV) for HER to reach a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in 1.0 M KOH (0.5 M H₂SO₄) media. Moreover, the catalyst delivered a Faradaic efficiency of 97.9% and excellent durability over 25 h of continuous operation. These results confirm that the incorporation of Cu into the Cu/Fe-Co/G structure enhances the electrocatalytic performance and accelerates the kinetics of reaction. This study presents an effective and rational design strategy for developing multi-metallic electrocatalysts derived from ZIFs for overall water splitting applications. With its high efficiency and facile synthesis, the Cu/Fe-Co/G electrocatalyst represents a promising alternative to noble-metal-based catalysts for water splitting.

设计高效的氧/氢析出反应（OER/HER）电催化剂在通过水分解促进可持续和清洁能源生产方面发挥着关键作用，从而有助于解决全球能源危机。本文通过热解策略，在氧化石墨烯（GO）负载的fe掺杂ZIF-67 （FZIF67）上修饰Cu，合成了多金属Cu/Fe-Co/G纳米复合材料。采用FT-IR、XRD、XPS、FE-SEM（结合元素映射）、EDX和BET分析对合成的纳米复合材料进行了结构和形态表征。结果表明，Cu在FZIF67/rGO表面的修饰显著影响了纳米复合材料的晶体结构和表面积。由于Cu、Fe和Co与GO纳米片之间的协同作用，Cu/Fe-Co/G复合材料表现出优异的电催化活性，在1.0 M KOH （0.5 M H2SO4）介质中，OER的过电位仅为292 mV， HER的过电位仅为308 mV (272 mV)，电流密度达到10 mA cm - 2。此外，该催化剂的法拉第效率为97.9%，并且在连续运行25小时以上具有优异的耐久性。这些结果证实了Cu在Cu/Fe-Co/G结构中的掺入提高了电催化性能，加速了反应动力学。本研究提出了一种有效而合理的设计策略，用于开发由zif衍生的多金属电催化剂，用于整体水分解。Cu/Fe-Co/G电催化剂具有高效、易合成等优点，是一种很有前途的水裂解催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Multifunctional oxidized hyaluronic acid/quaternized guar gum/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel for hemostasis and infected wound management 多功能氧化透明质酸/季铵化瓜尔胶/聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水凝胶用于止血和感染伤口管理

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01851

Qiuxia Guo , Peng Fan , Xinyi Liu , Cui Zeng , Shige Wang , Huadong Li

Uncontrolled hemorrhage and bacterial infection remain critical challenges in wound management, necessitating advanced dressings that integrate rapid hemostasis, antibacterial activity, and tissue regeneration. Herein, we present a multifunctional injectable hydrogel (QGHP) composed of oxidized hyaluronic acid (OHA), quaternized guar gum (QGG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via dual dynamic crosslinking (Schiff base bonds and hydrogen bonds). This design imparts QGHP with rapid self-healing capability, strong tissue adhesion, shear-thinning injectability, and customizable mechanical properties. The hydrogel demonstrates exceptional fluid absorption (swelling ratio: ∼1148 %) and controlled degradation. Cationic groups of QGG confer intrinsic broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, achieving >95 % inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli without antibiotics. In a rat tail amputation model, QGHP achieves rapid hemostasis (∼17 s) and reduces blood loss by ∼84 %. For infected wounds, QGHP accelerates closure, suppresses bacterial proliferation (∼3.5 % survival), and enhances collagen deposition and re-epithelialization. The dual-network hydrogel combines injectability, bio-adhesion, and antibacterial functionality, offering a promising solution for complex wound healing.

不受控制的出血和细菌感染仍然是伤口管理的关键挑战，需要先进的敷料，结合快速止血，抗菌活性和组织再生。在此，我们提出了一种多功能注射水凝胶（QGHP），由氧化透明质酸（OHA）、季铵盐瓜尔胶（QGG）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）通过双动态交联（希夫碱键和氢键）组成。这种设计使QGHP具有快速自愈能力、强组织粘附性、剪切减薄注射性和可定制的力学性能。水凝胶表现出特殊的流体吸收（溶胀率：~ 1148%）和可控降解。QGG的阳离子基团具有固有的广谱抗菌活性，在不使用抗生素的情况下对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有95%的抑制作用。在大鼠尾巴截肢模型中，QGHP可实现快速止血（约17秒），并减少约84%的失血量。对于感染的伤口，QGHP加速愈合，抑制细菌增殖（约3.5%的存活率），并促进胶原沉积和再上皮化。双网络水凝胶结合了可注射性、生物粘附性和抗菌功能，为复杂伤口愈合提供了一个有前途的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Eco-engineered self-polishing vinyl–epoxy marine coating with L-cysteine-functionalized/silver-doped hydroxyapatite/ZIF-8 nanohybrids: Integrated anti-corrosion, antibacterial, and anti-fouling functions 具有l -半胱氨酸功能化/掺银羟基磷灰石/ZIF-8纳米杂化的生态工程自抛光乙烯基环氧海洋涂料：集防腐、抗菌和防污功能于一体

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01821

Mohammad Ramezanzadeh , Bahram Ramezanzadeh , Mohammad Mahdavian , Seyed Masoud Etezad

A multifunctional bilayer self-polishing coating system was developed using an epoxy polyamide zinc phosphate primer and a vinyl chloride copolymer–rosin topcoat reinforced with silver-doped bioactive calcium phosphate-based hydroxyapatite (HA) nanosheets decorated with zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8) and loaded with L-cysteine (LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA). This nanohybrid simultaneously provides anti-corrosion, antibacterial, and antifouling functions tailored for harsh marine environments. Structural, chemical, morphological, and thermal characterization (FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, TEM, BET, and TGA) confirmed successful synthesis and integration. Antibacterial analysis revealed inhibition rates of 98.77 % against Staphylococcus aureus and 92.34 % against Escherichia coli, along with disk inhibition zones of 9.12 mm and 8.11 mm, respectively. The nanohybrid was embedded into the topcoat to formulate a smart paint (VCC/LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA), demonstrating robust passive barrier properties (log |Z|₁₀_mHz = 8.86 after 113 days in 3.5 wt% NaCl) and sustained active anticorrosion performance through 80 days of salt spray exposure. Mechanical durability was validated via scratch resistance under 3800 g load, crack-free flexibility under bending, and a 49.37 % reduction in cathodic delamination radius. The coating also showed a 22 % improvement in pull-off adhesion after accelerated aging. Field immersion tests in the Persian Gulf confirmed antifouling efficacy with complete suppression of barnacle and microbial growth after 170 days. The integration of LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA into this bilayer matrix presents a sustainable route to next-generation marine coatings, uniting long-term protection, self-polishing behavior, and environmentally benign biocidal activity.

采用环氧聚酰胺磷酸锌底漆和氯乙烯共聚物-松香面漆，以掺银生物活性磷酸钙基羟基磷灰石（HA）纳米片（沸石咪唑酸框架（ZIF-8）装饰，负载l -半胱氨酸）（LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA）增强。这种纳米混合材料同时具有防腐、抗菌和防污功能，适合恶劣的海洋环境。结构，化学，形态和热表征（FT-IR， XRD, FE-SEM， TEM， BET和TGA）证实了成功的合成和集成。对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别为98.77%和92.34%，抑菌带分别为9.12 mm和8.11 mm。将纳米杂化物嵌入面漆中，形成智能涂料（VCC/LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA），显示出强大的被动屏障性能（在3.5 wt% NaCl条件下，113天后的log |Z|₁₀mHz = 8.86），并在80天的盐雾暴露中保持主动防腐性能。机械耐久性通过3800 g载荷下的抗划伤性、弯曲下的无裂纹柔韧性和49.37%的阴极分层半径减小来验证。在加速老化后，涂层的拉脱附着力也提高了22%。在波斯湾进行的现场浸泡试验在170天后证实了防污效果，完全抑制了藤壶和微生物的生长。将LC-ZIF-8@Ag-HA整合到这种双层基质中，为下一代船舶涂料提供了一条可持续发展的道路，它集长期保护、自抛光行为和环保的杀生活性于一体。

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引用次数: 0

When waste plastics meet with MOF: Upcycling waste polypropylene separator into carbon nanotube for efficient freshwater and hydroelectricity co-generation 当废塑料与MOF相遇时：将废弃聚丙烯分离器升级为碳纳米管，用于高效的淡水和水电热电联产

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01785

Qianyu Wei, Guixin Hu, Huiyue Wang, Xueying Wen, Xinyao Zhang, Hongrun Zhu, Hangyuan Du, Zhikun Dai, Ran Niu, Jiang Gong

Coupling solar interfacial evaporation and electricity generation is one of the reliable solutions to address freshwater shortage and energy crisis. Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based evaporators exhibit high broadband light absorption capacity for water evaporation. However, developing low-cost, efficient CNT evaporators and revealing the influence of morphology and functional groups of CNT on the freshwater-electricity co-generation performance remain challenging. Herein, we report the conversion of waste polypropylene (PP) separator into CNT using a combined catalyst system of nickel-based metal-organic framework (MOF) and NiCl₂. The synthesized CNT is fabricated into evaporator for simultaneous interfacial water evaporation and power harvesting. To our knowledge, it is the first work on the employment of MOF to catalyze the conversion of waste PP into CNT. Owing to rich defects and abundant oxygen-containing groups of CNT, the CNT evaporator demonstrates good hydrophilicity and photothermal capacity. It achieves a high evaporation rate of 2.79 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ and a continuous voltage output of 259 mV, surpassing the performance of many advanced carbon-based evaporators. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that Na⁺ exhibits the stronger interaction force with the oxygen-containing functional groups of CNT than Cl⁻, which promotes the selectivity of Na⁺ in the double-layer channel and eventually leads to voltage generation. This work not only provides a sustainable upcycling chemical method of waste plastics, but also contributes to the coupling of solar interfacial evaporation and electricity generation.

太阳能界面蒸发与发电耦合是解决淡水短缺和能源危机的可靠方案之一。基于碳纳米管（CNT）的蒸发器具有高宽带光吸收能力。然而，开发低成本、高效的碳纳米管蒸发器，揭示碳纳米管的形态和官能团对淡水-电力热电联产性能的影响仍然是一个挑战。在此，我们报道了利用镍基金属有机骨架（MOF）和NiCl2的组合催化剂系统将废弃聚丙烯（PP）分离器转化为碳纳米管。将合成的碳纳米管制成蒸发器，同时实现界面水蒸发和电能收集。据我们所知，这是利用MOF催化废PP转化为碳纳米管的第一次工作。由于碳纳米管具有丰富的缺陷和丰富的含氧基团，因此碳纳米管蒸发器具有良好的亲水性和光热性能。它实现了2.79 kg m−2 h−1的高蒸发速率和259 mV的连续电压输出，超过了许多先进的碳基蒸发器的性能。分子动力学模拟结果表明，Na+与碳纳米管含氧官能团的相互作用力比Cl−更强，这促进了Na+在双层通道中的选择性，最终导致电压的产生。这项工作不仅为废塑料的可持续升级利用提供了一种化学方法，而且为太阳能界面蒸发与发电的耦合做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic mechanical and chemical activation of kaolin clays for enhanced reactivity in limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) 高岭土的机械化学协同活化提高石灰石煅烧粘土水泥（LC3）的反应性

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01876

Khuram Rashid , Nosheen Blouch , Miral Fatima , Mingzhong Zhang

Limestone calcined clay cement (LC³) produced from high-grade clays calcined at optimum temperatures demonstrates superior performance, while the utilisation of low-grade clays remains limited due to their reduced reactivity. To tackle this limitation, this study introduces an innovative multi-activation strategy that integrates calcination with simultaneous mechanical or chemical activation. Two clays with distinct kaolinite contents were subjected to this hybrid activation process, which were characterised using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and modified Chapelle and R³ tests. Subsequently, two grades of LC³ mortar were prepared from the activated clays, and their hydration kinetics and strength development were evaluated up to 90 d. Results indicated that thermomechanical activation significantly enhanced the pozzolanic reactivity of both clays, leading to higher heat release and strength development, particularly for LG-based LC³. Specifically, it showed a 35.5% increase in strength at 28-days compared to 7-day strength, while HG-based LC³ exhibited a 46.5% increase. In contrast, thermochemical activation resulted in the formation of zeolitic phases that adversely affected reactivity, and thus there was reduction in bound water content and Ca(OH)₂ consumption for both clays, 15.3% and 17.9%, respectively as compared to thermal activation. Overall, thermomechanical activation demonstrated superior potential for improving the performance of low-grade clays, Finally, correlation matrices were established to link clay reactivity with strength development. Furthermore, a schematic model illustrating reactivity mechanisms under different activation strategies was proposed and verified through XRD and TGA analyses.

石灰石煅烧粘土水泥（LC3）由优质粘土在最佳温度下煅烧而成，表现出优异的性能，而低等级粘土的利用由于其反应性降低而受到限制。为了解决这一限制，本研究引入了一种创新的多激活策略，将煅烧与同时进行的机械或化学激活相结合。采用x射线荧光（XRF）、x射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析（TGA）以及改进的Chapelle和R3试验对两种高岭石含量不同的粘土进行了杂化活化。随后，用活性粘土制备了两种等级的LC3砂浆，并对其水化动力学和强度发展进行了长达90 d的评估。结果表明，热机械活化显著增强了两种粘土的火山灰反应性，导致更高的热量释放和强度发展，特别是lg3基LC3。具体来说，它在28天的强度比7天的强度增加了35.5%，而基于hg的LC3则增加了46.5%。相比之下，热化学活化导致沸石相的形成，对反应性产生不利影响，因此，与热活化相比，两种粘土的束缚水含量和Ca(OH)2消耗分别降低了15.3%和17.9%。总体而言，热机械活化在改善低品位粘土的性能方面表现出了卓越的潜力。最后，建立了粘土反应性与强度发展之间的关联矩阵。建立了不同活化策略下反应机理的示意图模型，并通过XRD和TGA分析进行了验证。

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引用次数: 0

Recent progress in buried Interface engineering for n-i-p perovskite solar cells n-i-p钙钛矿太阳能电池埋藏界面工程研究进展

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01853

Xuan Liu , Yi Fang , Gaojun Jia , Xiaoli Song , Mingsi Xie , Ruijuan Liao , Ao Zhang , Chunxiu Zhang , Haifeng Yu

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as up-and-coming third-generation photovoltaic devices due to their high efficiency and low cost, yet buried interface issues hinder their advancement. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in buried interface engineering for n-i-p (negative-intrinsic-positive) PSCs, addressing critical challenges such as lattice mismatch, deep-level defects, and energy-level misalignment at the electron transport layer (ETL)/perovskite interface. Through multi-scale strategies including atomic-scale coordination passivation, nanoscale graded energy level regulation, and mesoscale crystallization control, charge transport efficiency and operational stability have been significantly improved. Device characterization confirms that breakthroughs have been achieved in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and service life of the cells under stress conditions such as illumination, humidity, and thermal cycling. This work not only elucidates the fundamental mechanisms of buried interface optimization but also provides practical technical pathways for the large-scale industrial applications of high-performance PSCs.

钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）由于其高效率和低成本的特点，已成为极具发展前景的第三代光伏器件，但其潜在的界面问题阻碍了其发展。本文系统总结了n-i-p（负本征-正）PSCs的埋藏界面工程的最新进展，解决了电子传输层(ETL)/钙钛矿界面上的晶格失配、深层次缺陷和能级错位等关键挑战。通过原子尺度配位钝化、纳米尺度梯度能级调控和中尺度结晶控制等多尺度策略，显著提高了电荷输运效率和运行稳定性。器件特性证实，在光照、湿度和热循环等应力条件下，电池在功率转换效率（PCE）和使用寿命方面取得了突破。这项工作不仅阐明了埋藏接口优化的基本机制，而且为高性能psc的大规模工业应用提供了实用的技术途径。

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引用次数: 0

Critical insights on progress and prospects for emerging contaminants photocatalytic degradation with zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) heterojunctions 铁酸锌（ZnFe2O4）异质结光催化降解新污染物的进展与展望

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01816

Felipe de J. Silerio-Vázquez , Raf Dewil , Laroussi Chaabane , Bao-Lian Su , Babak Kakavandi , José B. Proal-Nájera

Zinc ferrite (ZnFe₂O₄) has gained increasing attention as a visible light-responsive and magnetically recoverable photocatalyst for emerging contaminant degradation. However, its low surface area and rapid charge recombination limit its photocatalytic efficiency. Coupling ZnFe₂O₄ with other semiconductors has led to zinc ferrite-based heterojunction photocatalysts (ZFHPs), where the heterojunction type and component ratio strongly influence charge-transfer pathways and photocatalytic performance. This review provides an integrated analysis of ZFHPs, emphasizing synthesis strategies from hydrothermal and coprecipitation routes to scalable microwave and combustion methods, as well as structural, optical, electronic, and magnetic characterization techniques that confirm heterojunction formation and interfacial band alignment. In addition to material design, particular attention has been given to dual photocatalytic and photo-Fenton mechanisms, optimization through statistical modeling, performance under solar and LED irradiation, and evaluations in real water matrices that reveal both resilience and limitations under complex conditions. Reusability and regeneration strategies are critically assessed, highlighting the roles of magnetic recovery, thermal and solvent-based treatments, and design approaches to mitigate photo-corrosion and leaching. Finally, prospects for advancing ZFHPs through micro- and millifluidic synthesis for scalable production, in situ characterization to probe interfacial charge dynamics, and evaluation in multi-contaminant systems that better reflect environmental reality are discussed. By integrating these aspects, this review identifies pathways to translate ZFHPs from laboratory demonstrations to practical and sustainable water treatment technologies.

铁酸锌（ZnFe2O4）作为一种可见光响应和磁可回收的光催化剂，越来越受到人们的关注。然而，其较低的比表面积和快速的电荷复合限制了其光催化效率。ZnFe2O4与其他半导体的耦合导致了锌铁氧体基异质结光催化剂（ZFHPs），其中异质结类型和成分比例强烈影响电荷转移途径和光催化性能。本文综述了zfhp的综合分析，强调了从水热和共沉淀法到可扩展的微波和燃烧方法的合成策略，以及确定异质结形成和界面带排列的结构，光学，电子和磁性表征技术。除了材料设计之外，还特别关注了双光催化和光fenton机制，通过统计建模进行优化，在太阳能和LED照射下的性能，以及在真实水基质中的评估，这些评估揭示了复杂条件下的弹性和局限性。对可重用性和再生策略进行了严格评估，强调了磁回收、热和溶剂型处理的作用，以及减轻光腐蚀和浸出的设计方法。最后，展望了zfhp的发展前景，包括微流和微流合成以实现规模化生产，原位表征以探测界面电荷动力学，以及在多污染物系统中更好地反映环境现实的评价。通过整合这些方面，本文确定了将ZFHPs从实验室演示转化为实用和可持续的水处理技术的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Utilization potential of industrial residue from toluene diisocyanate purification in asphalt mixture: engineering and environmental impacts 甲苯二异氰酸酯净化工业渣在沥青混合料中的利用潜力：工程和环境影响

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01842

Bei Jiang , Xin Xiao , Hui Yu , Zhong Cao , Hongchu Shi , Feipeng Xiao

Waste residues from the toluene diisocyanate (TDI) industry, specifically polymeric toluene diisocyanate (P-TDI), circulate in asphalt mixtures as a response to challenges of P-TDI treatment and decarbonization. In this study, P-TDI was pretreated and blended with asphalt by considering its characteristics and economics. The stabilization and environmental risk of P-TDI modified asphalt was explored by the extraction procedure for leaching toxicity. Laboratory results indicate that P-TDI improves high temperature performance and adhesion strength of asphalt mixtures, and increase dynamic stability by up to 60 %. The volume replacement rate of P-TDI does not exceed 5 % with less impact on moisture susceptibility. Porous structure and smooth surface of P-TDI are attribute to the properties of asphalt mixtures without chemical reaction. Most of heavy metals and potential organic contaminants in P-TDI could be well stabilized by asphalt. Therefore, P-TDI has a high potential to achieve circulation in asphalt mixtures.

甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）工业的废渣，特别是聚合甲苯二异氰酸酯（P-TDI），作为对P-TDI处理和脱碳挑战的回应，在沥青混合物中循环。本研究综合考虑P-TDI的特性和经济性，对其进行预处理并与沥青混合。通过对P-TDI改性沥青浸出毒性的研究，探讨了其稳定性和环境风险。实验结果表明，P-TDI提高了沥青混合料的高温性能和粘接强度，并使其动态稳定性提高了60%。P-TDI的体积替代率不超过5%，对湿敏感性影响较小。P-TDI的多孔结构和表面光滑是沥青混合料未经化学反应的特性决定的。沥青能很好地稳定P-TDI中的大部分重金属和潜在的有机污染物。因此，P-TDI在沥青混合料中具有很高的循环潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Gradient heterostructured titanium nitride/carbide for enhanced stability and efficiency in hydrogen evolution reaction 梯度异质结构氮化钛/碳化物增强析氢反应的稳定性和效率

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01846

Gi-Nam Bae , Ngoc Minh Tran , Sangmin Jeong , Cheol-Min Park , Ki-Joon Jeon

The development of efficient and durable multifunctional water splitting catalysts is essential for advancing hydrogen production in the energy industry. Herein, Ti-based carbide and nitride (Ti-C/N-(x), where x refers to the C/N atomic ratio) heterostructures with a controlled compositional gradient were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, forming a structure with both heterostructure and vertical C/N gradients. Among the synthesized samples, Ti-C/N-(1.2) with a C-rich surface and a distinct vertical gradient was identified as the optimal composition in terms of electrochemical hydrogen evolution and durability. The combined effect of the heterostructure and compositional gradient was most effectively realized in Ti-C/N-(1.2). Moreover, Ti-C/N-(1.2) demonstrated remarkable durability for hydrogen evolution reaction, maintaining stability for 48 h at a current density of −100 mA cm⁻² in universal pH electrolytes. Importantly, a two-electrode electrolysis system utilizing a Ti-C/N-(1.2) cathode achieved outstanding long-term stability, operating for 1170 h at a current density of −100 mA cm⁻² in artificial seawater solution. These results establish Ti-C/N-(x) as a promising electrocatalyst for sustainable hydrogen production, demonstrating exceptional durability and efficiency across diverse electrochemical applications.

开发高效、耐用的多功能水裂解催化剂是推进能源工业制氢的必要条件。本文通过化学气相沉积法合成了具有可控成分梯度的ti基碳化物和氮化物（Ti-C/N-(x)，其中x为C/N原子比）异质结构，形成了具有异质结构和垂直C/N梯度的结构。在合成的样品中，具有富c表面和明显垂直梯度的Ti-C/N-(1.2)在电化学析氢和耐久性方面被确定为最佳组成。异质结构和成分梯度的联合作用在Ti-C/N-(1.2)中得到了最有效的实现。此外，Ti-C/N-(1.2)在析氢反应中表现出显著的耐久性，在通用pH电解质中，在−100 mA cm−2的电流密度下保持48小时的稳定性。重要的是，采用Ti-C/N-(1.2)阴极的双电极电解系统实现了出色的长期稳定性，在人工海水溶液中以−100 mA cm−2的电流密度运行1170小时。这些结果表明Ti-C/N-(x)是一种很有前途的可持续制氢电催化剂，在各种电化学应用中表现出卓越的耐用性和效率。

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引用次数: 0

Supercapacitors beyond energy storage: Multi-functional devices for sensing, actuation, and smart systems 超越能量存储的超级电容器：传感、驱动和智能系统的多功能设备

IF 9.2 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2026-04-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2025.e01840

Jannatul Shahrin Ananna , Md. Towsif Ur Rahman , Protity Saha , Syed Shaheen Shah , Bong-Joong Kim , Md. Abdul Aziz , A. J. Saleh Ahammad

Supercapacitors (SCs) are evolving from passive high-power energy storage units into active, multifunctional elements that simultaneously store energy, sense, actuate, harvest, and communicate. This review critically examines how electrodes, electrolytes, separators, and current collectors can be engineered to couple charge storage with secondary functions such as mechanical, chemical, and thermal sensing, electrochemical actuation, electrochromism, self-healing, and self-charging. Rather than cataloguing demonstrations, we compare material families (carbonaceous materials, conducting polymers, transition metal oxides, MXenes, MOFs) and device architectures (flexible, stretchable, micro-, fiber/yarn and structural SCs) using common figures of merit: energy/power density, sensitivity, response time, durability, safety, and integration complexity. Particular attention is given to trade-offs between capacitance and transduction sensitivity, energy density and mechanical robustness, and multifunctionality and long-term stability under coupled electro-chemo-mechanical loading. We highlight cross-cutting design strategies such as hierarchical porosity, interfacial/spacing engineering, healable solid and gel electrolytes, and 3D or textile-integrated formats, and assess their practicality for wearable systems, soft robotics, e-skin, smart windows, and IoT nodes. Finally, we identify key gaps, including limited energy density, inadequate standards for benchmarking multifunctional performance, and immature system-level integration, and outline research directions towards manufacturable, safe, and truly smart SC-based power–sensing–actuation platforms.

超级电容器（SCs）正从被动的大功率储能单元发展为主动的多功能元件，能够同时存储能量、感知、驱动、收获和通信。这篇综述批判性地研究了电极、电解质、分离器和集流器如何设计成将电荷存储与次要功能（如机械、化学和热感测、电化学驱动、电致变色、自修复和自充电）耦合在一起。我们没有对演示进行分类，而是比较了材料家族（碳质材料、导电聚合物、过渡金属氧化物、MXenes、mof）和器件架构（柔性、可拉伸、微、纤维/纱线和结构SCs），使用了常见的优点数字：能量/功率密度、灵敏度、响应时间、耐久性、安全性和集成复杂性。特别关注电容和转导灵敏度之间的权衡，能量密度和机械稳健性，以及电化学-机械耦合负载下的多功能和长期稳定性。我们强调了交叉设计策略，如分层孔隙度，界面/间距工程，可愈合的固体和凝胶电解质，以及3D或纺织集成格式，并评估了它们在可穿戴系统，软机器人，电子皮肤，智能窗口和物联网节点中的实用性。最后，我们确定了关键的差距，包括有限的能量密度，对多功能性能的基准标准不足，以及不成熟的系统级集成，并概述了可制造，安全和真正智能的基于sc的功率传感驱动平台的研究方向。

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