Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

3D wet-electrospun “branch leaf” graphene oxide polycaprolactone fibers structure for enhancing oil-water separation treatment performance in a multi-scale design 三维湿式静电纺“枝叶”型氧化石墨烯聚己内酯纤维结构在多尺度设计中提高油水分离处理性能

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01200

Roberto Scaffaro, Michele Gammino

Super-wetting materials have garnered significant attention for the potential to treat oily wastewater due to their selective adsorption and recyclability. In this work, we developed a hierarchical structure of polycaprolactone decorated with branch leaf-like graphene oxide (PCLGO) by wet-electrospinning process. This structure combines a hydrophilic/oleophobic GO anchored into an oleophilic/hydrophobic PCL 3D fiber network. The unique configuration ensures exceptional water diffusion due to the hydrophilic nature of GO, while the hydrophobic PCL fibers enhance the interaction with oil droplets. This synergy promotes oil spreading on the surface and enables superior phase separation of pollutants. The resulting PCLGO structures perform remarkably in separating both water-floating oil and oil-in-water emulsions, achieving an oil adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 28 g/g and an impressive separation efficiency of 99.8 %, with excellent recycling capacity up to 20 cycles. This study provides valuable insights into developing advanced multifunctional materials for water treatment applications and offers a potentially innovative strategy for addressing water treatment challenges.

超湿材料由于其选择性吸附和可回收性，在处理含油废水方面具有很大的潜力。在这项工作中，我们通过湿静电纺丝工艺开发了一种层次化结构的聚己内酯，该结构由枝状叶状氧化石墨烯（PCLGO）装饰。这种结构将亲水/疏油的氧化石墨烯锚定在亲油/疏水的PCL 3D纤维网络中。由于氧化石墨烯的亲水性，独特的结构确保了出色的水扩散，而疏水性PCL纤维增强了与油滴的相互作用。这种协同作用促进了石油在表面的扩散，并实现了污染物的卓越相分离。所制备的PCLGO结构在分离水浮油和水包油乳剂方面表现优异，其吸油量（Qmax）达到28 g/g，分离效率达到99.8%，循环次数可达20次。该研究为开发用于水处理应用的先进多功能材料提供了有价值的见解，并为解决水处理挑战提供了潜在的创新策略。

{"title":"3D wet-electrospun “branch leaf” graphene oxide polycaprolactone fibers structure for enhancing oil-water separation treatment performance in a multi-scale design","authors":"Roberto Scaffaro, Michele Gammino","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Super-wetting materials have garnered significant attention for the potential to treat oily wastewater due to their selective adsorption and recyclability. In this work, we developed a hierarchical structure of polycaprolactone decorated with branch leaf-like graphene oxide (PCLGO) by wet-electrospinning process. This structure combines a hydrophilic/oleophobic GO anchored into an oleophilic/hydrophobic PCL 3D fiber network. The unique configuration ensures exceptional water diffusion due to the hydrophilic nature of GO, while the hydrophobic PCL fibers enhance the interaction with oil droplets. This synergy promotes oil spreading on the surface and enables superior phase separation of pollutants. The resulting PCLGO structures perform remarkably in separating both water-floating oil and oil-in-water emulsions, achieving an oil adsorption capacity (Qmax) of 28 g/g and an impressive separation efficiency of 99.8 %, with excellent recycling capacity up to 20 cycles. This study provides valuable insights into developing advanced multifunctional materials for water treatment applications and offers a potentially innovative strategy for addressing water treatment challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01200"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Amino-acid-functionalized methanesulfonate ionic liquids as effective and reusable catalysts for oleic acid esterification 氨基酸功能化的甲基磺酸盐离子液体作为油酸酯化的有效可重复使用催化剂

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01190

Rui Cai , Guangjin Hu , Yujie Chenyang, Zhixing Huang, Xiaohang Wang, Benyong Han

Five new amino-acid-functionalized methanesulfonate ionic liquids ([AAH][CH₃SO₃]-ILs) were prepared using methanesulfonic acid and amino acids (AAs). The catalytic performances of the five synthesized [AAH][CH₃SO₃]-ILs were evaluated for biodiesel synthesis via the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Among them, IL [GluH][CH₃SO₃] exhibited the optimal catalytic activity in the oleic acid esterification. An experimental design based on the RSM-BBD was used to optimize the reaction conditions. A conversion rate of 96.8 % was attained using the [GluH][CH₃SO₃] catalyst for the oleic acid esterification at a catalyst load of 12 wt%, a molar ratio of 19.6:1, a reaction time of 3.5 h and a temperature of 103 °C. The [GluH][CH₃SO₃]-catalyzed oleic acid esterification followed first-order kinetics with the activation energy and frequency factor of 9.86 kJ·moL⁻¹ and 0.47 min⁻¹, respectively. The catalytic activity of the [GluH][CH₃SO₃] catalyst did not considerably change during ten consecutive cycles of the esterification reaction. Operational simplicity, high conversion rate along with good reusability makes the IL [GluH][CH₃SO₃] a promising catalyst for replacing traditional catalysts for the biodiesel preparation via the fatty acids esterification.

以甲磺酸和氨基酸为原料制备了5种新型氨基酸功能化的甲磺酸盐离子液体[AAH][CH3SO3]-ILs。对合成的5种[AAH][CH3SO3]- il在油酸与甲醇酯化反应中催化合成生物柴油的性能进行了评价。其中，IL [GluH][CH3SO3]在油酸酯化反应中表现出最佳的催化活性。采用基于RSM-BBD的实验设计对反应条件进行优化。[GluH][CH3SO3]催化剂在负载12 wt%，摩尔比19.6:1，反应时间3.5 h，反应温度103℃的条件下，油酸酯化的转化率为96.8%。[GluH][CH3SO3]催化油酸酯化反应符合一级动力学，活化能和频率因子分别为9.86 kJ·moL−1和0.47 min−1。[GluH][CH3SO3]催化剂的催化活性在连续10个酯化反应循环中没有明显变化。IL [GluH][CH3SO3]催化剂操作简单、转化率高、可重复使用性好，有望取代传统的脂肪酸酯化法制备生物柴油催化剂。

{"title":"Amino-acid-functionalized methanesulfonate ionic liquids as effective and reusable catalysts for oleic acid esterification","authors":"Rui Cai , Guangjin Hu , Yujie Chenyang, Zhixing Huang, Xiaohang Wang, Benyong Han","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Five new amino-acid-functionalized methanesulfonate ionic liquids ([AAH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>]-ILs) were prepared using methanesulfonic acid and amino acids (AAs). The catalytic performances of the five synthesized [AAH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>]-ILs were evaluated for biodiesel synthesis via the esterification of oleic acid with methanol. Among them, IL [GluH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>] exhibited the optimal catalytic activity in the oleic acid esterification. An experimental design based on the RSM-BBD was used to optimize the reaction conditions. A conversion rate of 96.8 % was attained using the [GluH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>] catalyst for the oleic acid esterification at a catalyst load of 12 wt%, a molar ratio of 19.6:1, a reaction time of 3.5 h and a temperature of 103 °C. The [GluH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>]-catalyzed oleic acid esterification followed first-order kinetics with the activation energy and frequency factor of 9.86 kJ·moL<sup>−1</sup> and 0.47 min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The catalytic activity of the [GluH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>] catalyst did not considerably change during ten consecutive cycles of the esterification reaction. Operational simplicity, high conversion rate along with good reusability makes the IL [GluH][CH<sub>3</sub>SO<sub>3</sub>] a promising catalyst for replacing traditional catalysts for the biodiesel preparation via the fatty acids esterification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01190"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biochar-supported Co(OH)2 nanosheets activated persulfate: Enhanced removal of ciprofloxacin and membrane purification 生物炭支撑的Co(OH)2纳米片活化过硫酸盐：增强环丙沙星的去除和膜纯化

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01189

Qi Xiong , Quanquan Shi , Piracha Sanwal , Xianliang Sheng , Gao Li

Developing sophisticated composite based on biochar sheds light on the breakdown of antibiotics during wastewater treatment. In this work, the new cobalt species supported on wheat biochar catalyst (Co(OH)₂/biochar) nanofibers were created via a hydrothermal-electrospinning technique. A set of analyses revealed that the biochar's surface was covered by amorphous Co(OH)₂ nanosheets, which had a greater capacity to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and break down ciprofloxacin (CIP) compared to Co(OH)₂. Specifically, the Co(OH)₂/biochar/PMS system achieved 1.30 min⁻¹ degradation rates, which is greater than pristine biochar and Co(OH)₂, and the excellent PMS activation was attributed to more exposing surface Co ions and faster Co²⁺/Co³⁺ cycling. Moreover, capture experiments and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrum (XPS) of the used catalyst further confirmed that the large amount of ¹O₂ produced in this system stems from the synergy between the activation of PMS by Co²⁺ and CO of biochar. Subsequently, a self-made wastewater nanofiber purification reactor was built to drive CIP removal, and the Co(OH)₂/biochar nanofiber maintained superior removal efficiency with continuous operation (8 h). Finally, the degradation pathway and toxicity estimation were further investigated. In all, this work provides a new nanofiber purification approach for the effective treatment of refractory antibiotics.

开发基于生物炭的复杂复合材料有助于了解废水处理过程中抗生素的分解情况。在这项工作中，通过水热-电纺丝技术在小麦生物炭催化剂（Co(OH)2/生物炭）上制备出了新的钴物种纳米纤维。一系列分析表明，生物炭表面覆盖着无定形的 Co(OH)2 纳米片，与 Co(OH)2 相比，无定形的 Co(OH)2 纳米片具有更强的活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）和分解环丙沙星（CIP）的能力。具体而言，Co（OH）2/生物炭/PMS 系统的降解率达到 1.30 min-1，高于原始生物炭和 Co（OH）2，而 PMS 的出色活化能力归因于更多的表面 Co 离子暴露和更快的 Co2+/Co3+ 循环。此外，所使用催化剂的捕获实验和 X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）进一步证实，该体系中产生的大量 1O2 源自 Co2+ 对 PMS 的活化和生物炭的 CO 的协同作用。随后，自制了一个废水纳米纤维净化反应器来驱动 CIP 的去除，Co(OH)2/生物炭纳米纤维在连续运行（8 h）的情况下保持了优异的去除效率。最后，进一步研究了降解途径和毒性评估。总之，这项工作为有效处理难治性抗生素提供了一种新的纳米纤维净化方法。

{"title":"Biochar-supported Co(OH)2 nanosheets activated persulfate: Enhanced removal of ciprofloxacin and membrane purification","authors":"Qi Xiong , Quanquan Shi , Piracha Sanwal , Xianliang Sheng , Gao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing sophisticated composite based on biochar sheds light on the breakdown of antibiotics during wastewater treatment. In this work, the new cobalt species supported on wheat biochar catalyst (Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>/biochar) nanofibers were created via a hydrothermal-electrospinning technique. A set of analyses revealed that the biochar's surface was covered by amorphous Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanosheets, which had a greater capacity to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and break down ciprofloxacin (CIP) compared to Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>. Specifically, the Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>/biochar/PMS system achieved 1.30 min<sup>−1</sup> degradation rates, which is greater than pristine biochar and Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>, and the excellent PMS activation was attributed to more exposing surface Co ions and faster Co<sup>2+</sup>/Co<sup>3+</sup> cycling. Moreover, capture experiments and X-ray Photoelectron Spectrum (XPS) of the used catalyst further confirmed that the large amount of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> produced in this system stems from the synergy between the activation of PMS by Co<sup>2+</sup> and C<img>O of biochar. Subsequently, a self-made wastewater nanofiber purification reactor was built to drive CIP removal, and the Co(OH)<sub>2</sub>/biochar nanofiber maintained superior removal efficiency with continuous operation (8 h). Finally, the degradation pathway and toxicity estimation were further investigated. In all, this work provides a new nanofiber purification approach for the effective treatment of refractory antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01189"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced aqueous photocatalytic selective oxidation of HMF using simulated sunlight: Comparison of the performance of different photocatalysts 利用模拟阳光增强水基光催化选择性氧化 HMF：不同光催化剂的性能比较

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01188

Muhammad Umair, Claudio Maria Pecoraro, Francesco Di Franco, Monica Santamaria, Leonardo Palmisano, Vittorio Loddo, Marianna Bellardita

Selective conversion of biomass derivatives to high values added (HVA) compounds is an effective and sustainable route to fulfil the industrial request of chemicals. In this paper the partial oxidation of the lignocellulose derivative 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) to high value compounds in green conditions has been investigated by using various photocatalysts and irradiation sources. In particular, TiO₂ based and alternative photocatalysts (Bi₂O₃, Cu₂O, C₃N₄, ZnIn₂S₄) were chosen with the aim of not only increasing the activity but also the selectivity in the partial oxidation of HMF. Bare ZnIn₂S₄, prepared in a simple way, showed to be the best photocatalyst under simulated sunlight illumination with conversion of HMF and selectivity towards 2,5-diformylfuran equal to 43 % and 68 %, respectively. Electrochemical measurements and experimental runs in the presence of various scavengers (tert-butanol, AgNO₃, benzoquinone, Na₂C₂O₄) revealed that e⁻ and O₂⁻ radicals play a key role in the selective conversion of HMF. A kinetic study was performed, and some kinetic parameters were determined by using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.

选择性地将生物质衍生物转化为高附加值（HVA）化合物是满足工业化学品需求的一条有效且可持续的途径。本文通过使用各种光催化剂和辐照源，研究了在绿色条件下将木质纤维素衍生物 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) 部分氧化为高附加值化合物的过程。特别是选择了基于 TiO2 的光催化剂和替代光催化剂（Bi2O3、Cu2O、C3N4、ZnIn2S4），目的不仅是为了提高 HMF 部分氧化的活性，而且是为了提高其选择性。用简单方法制备的裸 ZnIn2S4 在模拟阳光照射下显示出最好的光催化剂性能，其 HMF 转化率和对 2,5-二甲酰基呋喃的选择性分别为 43% 和 68%。在各种清除剂（叔丁醇、AgNO3、苯醌、Na2C2O4）存在下进行的电化学测量和实验表明，e-和 O2- 自由基在 HMF 的选择性转化中起着关键作用。研究人员进行了动力学研究，并利用 Langmuir-Hinshelwood 模型确定了一些动力学参数。

{"title":"Enhanced aqueous photocatalytic selective oxidation of HMF using simulated sunlight: Comparison of the performance of different photocatalysts","authors":"Muhammad Umair, Claudio Maria Pecoraro, Francesco Di Franco, Monica Santamaria, Leonardo Palmisano, Vittorio Loddo, Marianna Bellardita","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective conversion of biomass derivatives to high values added (HVA) compounds is an effective and sustainable route to fulfil the industrial request of chemicals. In this paper the partial oxidation of the lignocellulose derivative 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) to high value compounds in green conditions has been investigated by using various photocatalysts and irradiation sources. In particular, TiO<sub>2</sub> based and alternative photocatalysts (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>) were chosen with the aim of not only increasing the activity but also the selectivity in the partial oxidation of HMF. Bare ZnIn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>4</sub>, prepared in a simple way, showed to be the best photocatalyst under simulated sunlight illumination with conversion of HMF and selectivity towards 2,5-diformylfuran equal to 43 % and 68 %, respectively. Electrochemical measurements and experimental runs in the presence of various scavengers (tert-butanol, AgNO<sub>3</sub>, benzoquinone, Na<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) revealed that e<sup>−</sup> and <img>O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> radicals play a key role in the selective conversion of HMF. A kinetic study was performed, and some kinetic parameters were determined by using the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01188"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of electrosprayed assisted shellac-MOF particle coated paper for food packaging and its environmental impacts 开发用于食品包装的电喷雾辅助虫胶-MOF 粒子涂布纸及其对环境的影响

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01192

Deepak Poddar , Kalpana Pandey , Seon-Ju Kim, Hyeong Min Yoo

Smart packaging exhibiting long-term food freshness without harming the environment is a highly demanded product. Shellac is a promising biopolymer which is biodegradable and specifically introduces high water barrier properties. We demonstrate shellac: ZIF-67 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-67) coated paper using electrospraying, a simple method for coating commercial paper with microparticles that are 1.8 ± 0.03 μm in size and spread out evenly on the surface of the paper. The particles formed a defect-free coating after four coats of electrospraying and heating simultaneously. 150 min 4× shellac (20 % wt): ZIF 67 (1 %w/w) was optimised conditions for coating paper (ShZ_150x4_P) used for seafood packaging. Coated paper significantly improves water vapor transmittance rates for moisture (WVTR 91.7 %) and water (COBB 88.43 %) with a 27.2 % change in energy ΔE value. Soil burrier degradation confirmed the further sustainability of the packaging films, achieving 18.16 % weight loss and 92.8 % germination of cherry tomatoes within a 13-day time interval.

智能包装能在不损害环境的情况下长期保持食品新鲜度，是一种需求量很大的产品。虫胶是一种前景广阔的生物聚合物，可生物降解，特别是具有高阻水性。我们展示了虫胶：ZIF-67（沸石咪唑啉框架-67）涂布纸，这种简单的方法可在商业用纸上涂布尺寸为 1.8 ± 0.03 μm 的微粒，这些微粒均匀地分布在纸张表面。在同时进行四层电喷雾和加热后，微粒形成了无缺陷的涂层。150 分钟 4×虫胶（20%重量比）：ZIF 67 (1 %w/w) 是用于海鲜包装纸 (ShZ_150x4_P) 涂层的最佳条件。涂布纸大大提高了湿气（WVTR 91.7 %）和水（COBB 88.43 %）的水蒸气透过率，能量 ΔE 值变化了 27.2 %。土壤灼烧降解证实了包装膜的进一步可持续性，在 13 天的时间间隔内，樱桃番茄的重量损失率为 18.16%，发芽率为 92.8%。

{"title":"Development of electrosprayed assisted shellac-MOF particle coated paper for food packaging and its environmental impacts","authors":"Deepak Poddar , Kalpana Pandey , Seon-Ju Kim, Hyeong Min Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart packaging exhibiting long-term food freshness without harming the environment is a highly demanded product. Shellac is a promising biopolymer which is biodegradable and specifically introduces high water barrier properties. We demonstrate shellac: ZIF-67 (zeolitic imidazolate framework-67) coated paper using electrospraying, a simple method for coating commercial paper with microparticles that are 1.8 ± 0.03 μm in size and spread out evenly on the surface of the paper. The particles formed a defect-free coating after four coats of electrospraying and heating simultaneously. 150 min 4× shellac (20 % wt): ZIF 67 (1 %<em>w</em>/w) was optimised conditions for coating paper (ShZ_150x4_P) used for seafood packaging. Coated paper significantly improves water vapor transmittance rates for moisture (WVTR 91.7 %) and water (COBB 88.43 %) with a 27.2 % change in energy ΔE value. Soil burrier degradation confirmed the further sustainability of the packaging films, achieving 18.16 % weight loss and 92.8 % germination of cherry tomatoes within a 13-day time interval.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01192"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in the removal of Sunset Yellow dye from wastewater: A review 去除废水中日落黄染料的最新进展：综述

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01187

Zeynep Ciğeroğlu , Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison S.P. Franco , Mohammed Benjelloun , Zeynep Mine Şenol , Emine Sena Kazan-Kaya , Başak Temur Ergan

The present review focuses on the very latest development with respect to Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) removal from wastewater and dwells mostly on some of the most novel and efficient methods developed in response to ever-increasing environmental and health concerns related to this widely used synthetic dye. In this work, adsorption techniques are criticized, considering that the high adsorption capacity of SY offers various environmental benefits. It lowers the concentration of wastewater, which means that fewer dyes are used in effluent processes. These advantages not only contribute to cleaner water bodies but also promote sustainable practices in the textile industry. This review considers in some detail the degradation of SY dye in advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalytic degradation, Fenton-like reactions, and ozonation with regard to general efficiency and cost pertinence. This review, along with biological treatments using isolated strains of bacteria and fungi capable of enzymatically degrading SY dye, offers an eco-friendly alternative against various available chemical methods. Hybrid systems in separation processes are often used for approaches consisting of multiple treatment processes, including biological, physical, and chemical, to completely treat water. For example, a particular treatment system may utilize both adsorption processes and incorporate some features of advanced oxidation treatment processes. This review aims to synthesize current literature and recent advancements to inform future research on SY removal, hence supporting sustainable wastewater treatment approaches and hybrid systems.

本综述侧重于从废水中去除日落黄 FCF（SY）的最新进展，主要介绍了针对这种广泛使用的合成染料所引发的日益严重的环境和健康问题而开发的一些最新颖、最有效的方法。在这项工作中，考虑到 SY 的高吸附能力具有各种环境效益，对吸附技术进行了批评。它能降低废水浓度，这意味着在污水处理过程中使用的染料更少。这些优势不仅有助于水体的清洁，还能促进纺织业的可持续发展。本综述从总体效率和成本相关性的角度，对 SY 染料在光催化降解、类芬顿反应和臭氧氧化等高级氧化过程中的降解进行了详细探讨。这篇综述以及利用分离出来的能够酶降解 SY 染料的细菌和真菌菌株进行的生物处理，为各种现有化学方法提供了一种生态友好型替代方法。分离过程中的混合系统通常用于由生物、物理和化学等多个处理过程组成的方法，以彻底处理水。例如，一个特定的处理系统可能同时使用吸附工艺和高级氧化处理工艺的某些功能。本综述旨在综合现有文献和最新进展，为今后有关去除 SY 的研究提供信息，从而为可持续废水处理方法和混合系统提供支持。

{"title":"Recent advances in the removal of Sunset Yellow dye from wastewater: A review","authors":"Zeynep Ciğeroğlu , Noureddine El Messaoudi , Youssef Miyah , Jordana Georgin , Dison S.P. Franco , Mohammed Benjelloun , Zeynep Mine Şenol , Emine Sena Kazan-Kaya , Başak Temur Ergan","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present review focuses on the very latest development with respect to Sunset Yellow FCF (SY) removal from wastewater and dwells mostly on some of the most novel and efficient methods developed in response to ever-increasing environmental and health concerns related to this widely used synthetic dye. In this work, adsorption techniques are criticized, considering that the high adsorption capacity of SY offers various environmental benefits. It lowers the concentration of wastewater, which means that fewer dyes are used in effluent processes. These advantages not only contribute to cleaner water bodies but also promote sustainable practices in the textile industry. This review considers in some detail the degradation of SY dye in advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalytic degradation, Fenton-like reactions, and ozonation with regard to general efficiency and cost pertinence. This review, along with biological treatments using isolated strains of bacteria and fungi capable of enzymatically degrading SY dye, offers an eco-friendly alternative against various available chemical methods. Hybrid systems in separation processes are often used for approaches consisting of multiple treatment processes, including biological, physical, and chemical, to completely treat water. For example, a particular treatment system may utilize both adsorption processes and incorporate some features of advanced oxidation treatment processes. This review aims to synthesize current literature and recent advancements to inform future research on SY removal, hence supporting sustainable wastewater treatment approaches and hybrid systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01187"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Machine learning models for predicting the compressive strengths of ordinary Portland cement concrete and alkali-activated materials 预测普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土和碱活性材料抗压强度的机器学习模型

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01191

Yuki Seki , Atsushi Shibayama , Minehiro Nishiyama , Michio Kikuchi

Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are a type of environmentally friendly concrete and blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) instead of cement are used for powder. BFS and FA are industrial byproducts, and their composition ratios vary depending on where they were created. There are two challenges to the further use of AAMs around the world. First, the compressive strength of AAMs depends on the composition ratios of the powder. Second, there are many factors that affect the compressive strength of AAMs, but the magnitude of the effect of each factor has not been understood. The purpose of this study is to develop a machine learning model considering composition ratios for predicting the compressive strength and to identify the key factors influencing it. In this study, four machine learning models are proposed to predict the compressive strengths of ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) and AAMs. Data set of OPC is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of using machine learning to predict the compressive strength of concrete. The models for OPC and AAMs were created using 202 and 287 test results, respectively. The performance of the models was evaluated with hold-out and k-fold cross-validation. This study revealed the following. The effect of the composition ratio of FA on the compressive strength of AAMs was greater than that of BFS. The prediction accuracy for AAMs was greatly improved by dividing AAMs into BFS-based AAMs and FA-based AAMs.

碱活性材料（AAM）是一种环保型混凝土，其粉末使用高炉矿渣（BFS）和粉煤灰（FA）代替水泥。高炉矿渣（BFS）和粉煤灰（FA）是工业副产品，其成分比例因产生地点而异。在全球范围内进一步使用 AAMs 面临两个挑战。首先，AAM 的抗压强度取决于粉末的成分比例。其次，影响 AAM 抗压强度的因素有很多，但每个因素的影响程度尚不清楚。本研究的目的是开发一种考虑了成分比的机器学习模型，用于预测抗压强度，并找出影响抗压强度的关键因素。本研究提出了四个机器学习模型来预测普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土（OPC）和 AAM 的抗压强度。OPC 数据集用于证明使用机器学习预测混凝土抗压强度的有效性。OPC 和 AAM 模型分别使用 202 和 287 个测试结果创建。通过保持不变和 k 倍交叉验证对模型的性能进行了评估。研究结果如下FA 成分比对 AAMs 抗压强度的影响大于 BFS。通过将 AAMs 分成基于 BFS 的 AAMs 和基于 FA 的 AAMs，大大提高了 AAMs 的预测精度。

{"title":"Machine learning models for predicting the compressive strengths of ordinary Portland cement concrete and alkali-activated materials","authors":"Yuki Seki , Atsushi Shibayama , Minehiro Nishiyama , Michio Kikuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are a type of environmentally friendly concrete and blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash (FA) instead of cement are used for powder. BFS and FA are industrial byproducts, and their composition ratios vary depending on where they were created. There are two challenges to the further use of AAMs around the world. First, the compressive strength of AAMs depends on the composition ratios of the powder. Second, there are many factors that affect the compressive strength of AAMs, but the magnitude of the effect of each factor has not been understood. The purpose of this study is to develop a machine learning model considering composition ratios for predicting the compressive strength and to identify the key factors influencing it. In this study, four machine learning models are proposed to predict the compressive strengths of ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) and AAMs. Data set of OPC is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of using machine learning to predict the compressive strength of concrete. The models for OPC and AAMs were created using 202 and 287 test results, respectively. The performance of the models was evaluated with hold-out and k-fold cross-validation. This study revealed the following. The effect of the composition ratio of FA on the compressive strength of AAMs was greater than that of BFS. The prediction accuracy for AAMs was greatly improved by dividing AAMs into BFS-based AAMs and FA-based AAMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01191"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of rib width on the thermo-electro-mechanical behavior of solid oxide fuel cells 肋宽对固体氧化物燃料电池热机电行为的影响

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01186

Guangyu Li , Weijia Shi , Wenying Zhang , Dong Yan , Jian Li , Lichao Jia

In this study, a three-dimensional multi-physics coupled model is employed to investigate the effects of the rib width of the cathode-side interconnect on the flow characteristics, electrochemical performance, temperature distribution and stress distribution of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) under cross-flow conditions based on a fixed gas channel-electrode interface area. The results show that as the rib width is reduced, there is a marked improvement in the uniformity of gas distribution and gas flow velocity within the channels, leading to an increase in the output power density of the SOFC stack, a reduction in the temperature gradient of the cell and a reduction in the thermal stress carried by the cell. However, if the ribs are of insufficient width, the pressure drop within the channels will be significantly increased, reducing the static pressure head of the gas and leading to a decrease in the gas flow velocity within the electrodes. This, in turn, will result in an increase in concentration polarization and higher manufacturing costs. The simulation results facilitate a more detailed comprehension of the internal reaction processes of SOFCs, thereby offering valuable guidance for the structural optimization of interconnects.

本研究采用三维多物理场耦合模型，在气体通道-电极界面面积固定的基础上，研究了阴极侧互连肋宽对横流条件下固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的流动特性、电化学性能、温度分布和应力分布的影响。研究结果表明，随着肋片宽度的减小，通道内气体分布的均匀性和气体流速都有明显改善，从而提高了 SOFC 叠层的输出功率密度，减小了电池的温度梯度，降低了电池所承受的热应力。但是，如果肋条宽度不够，通道内的压降将显著增加，从而降低气体的静压头，导致电极内的气体流速降低。这反过来又会导致浓度极化增加和制造成本上升。模拟结果有助于更详细地理解 SOFC 的内部反应过程，从而为互连结构优化提供宝贵的指导。

{"title":"Effect of rib width on the thermo-electro-mechanical behavior of solid oxide fuel cells","authors":"Guangyu Li , Weijia Shi , Wenying Zhang , Dong Yan , Jian Li , Lichao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a three-dimensional multi-physics coupled model is employed to investigate the effects of the rib width of the cathode-side interconnect on the flow characteristics, electrochemical performance, temperature distribution and stress distribution of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) under cross-flow conditions based on a fixed gas channel-electrode interface area. The results show that as the rib width is reduced, there is a marked improvement in the uniformity of gas distribution and gas flow velocity within the channels, leading to an increase in the output power density of the SOFC stack, a reduction in the temperature gradient of the cell and a reduction in the thermal stress carried by the cell. However, if the ribs are of insufficient width, the pressure drop within the channels will be significantly increased, reducing the static pressure head of the gas and leading to a decrease in the gas flow velocity within the electrodes. This, in turn, will result in an increase in concentration polarization and higher manufacturing costs. The simulation results facilitate a more detailed comprehension of the internal reaction processes of SOFCs, thereby offering valuable guidance for the structural optimization of interconnects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01186"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advancements in E-waste recycling technologies: A comprehensive overview of strategies and mechatronics integration for future development 电子废物回收技术的进步：未来发展战略与机电一体化综合概述

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01182

Neeraj Kumar Bhoi

The world stands on the brink of an electronics waste (e-waste) revolution, fueled by a drive for sustainability and technological advancement. In 2022, an astonishing 62 billion kilograms of e-waste were generated globally, averaging 7.8 kg per person. Yet, only 22.3 % of this massive amount was responsibly recycled. Since 2010, e-waste production has surged at nearly five times the rate of collection and recycling efforts. With more electronic devices being discarded, it's crucial to harness this vast resource effectively. The article dives deep into the core of this revolution and lays out a roadmap for future progress. It tracks the evolution of e-waste recycling from its infancy to today's sophisticated methods. Numerous challenges, like identifying toxic chemicals and dwindling resources, highlight the pressing need for action. This article provides a review on the development of e-waste recycling technologies with special emphasis on the nature of mechatronic system and sensor-based automation in improving the efficiency of the recycling technology. Some of the strategies that have been discussed include the employ of cyber physical system (CPS) for real-time monitoring, robotic sorting that provides accurate sorting of materials, and sensor network for detecting risky components. Special attention is paid to such aspects as scalability and sustainability and how mechatronics can create value in accordance with circular economy and contribute to the reduction of e-waste while aiming at net-zero emissions.

在可持续发展和技术进步的推动下，全球正处于电子垃圾（e-waste）革命的边缘。2022 年，全球共产生了 620 亿公斤的电子垃圾，平均每人 7.8 公斤。然而，在这一巨大数字中，只有 22.3% 得到了负责任的回收利用。自 2010 年以来，电子垃圾的生产量激增，其速度几乎是收集和回收工作的五倍。随着越来越多的电子设备被丢弃，有效利用这一巨大资源至关重要。这篇文章深入探讨了这场革命的核心，并为未来的进展绘制了路线图。文章追踪了电子废弃物回收从起步阶段到如今先进方法的演变过程。众多挑战，如识别有毒化学品和资源减少，凸显了采取行动的迫切需要。本文回顾了电子废弃物回收技术的发展，特别强调了机电一体化系统和基于传感器的自动化在提高回收技术效率方面的作用。其中讨论的一些策略包括采用网络物理系统（CPS）进行实时监控、使用机器人对材料进行精确分类，以及使用传感器网络检测危险部件。还特别关注了可扩展性和可持续性等方面，以及机电一体化如何根据循环经济创造价值，并在实现净零排放的同时为减少电子废物做出贡献。

{"title":"Advancements in E-waste recycling technologies: A comprehensive overview of strategies and mechatronics integration for future development","authors":"Neeraj Kumar Bhoi","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world stands on the brink of an electronics waste (e-waste) revolution, fueled by a drive for sustainability and technological advancement. In 2022, an astonishing 62 billion kilograms of e-waste were generated globally, averaging 7.8 kg per person. Yet, only 22.3 % of this massive amount was responsibly recycled. Since 2010, e-waste production has surged at nearly five times the rate of collection and recycling efforts. With more electronic devices being discarded, it's crucial to harness this vast resource effectively. The article dives deep into the core of this revolution and lays out a roadmap for future progress. It tracks the evolution of e-waste recycling from its infancy to today's sophisticated methods. Numerous challenges, like identifying toxic chemicals and dwindling resources, highlight the pressing need for action. This article provides a review on the development of e-waste recycling technologies with special emphasis on the nature of mechatronic system and sensor-based automation in improving the efficiency of the recycling technology. Some of the strategies that have been discussed include the employ of cyber physical system (CPS) for real-time monitoring, robotic sorting that provides accurate sorting of materials, and sensor network for detecting risky components. Special attention is paid to such aspects as scalability and sustainability and how mechatronics can create value in accordance with circular economy and contribute to the reduction of e-waste while aiming at net-zero emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01182"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in solar desalination using 2D and biomass derived materials: A roadmap to sustainability 使用二维材料和生物质衍生材料的太阳能海水淡化进展：可持续发展路线图

IF 8.6 2区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Sustainable Materials and Technologies

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01183

Muktar Nono Mohammed , M.A. Zaed , Idris Misau Muhammad , R. Saidur , K.H. Tan , Abdulrahman A. Abdulrasheed , Usman Dadum Hamza

Considering the worldwide water crisis, desalination is a technological remedy that is becoming more dependent on nanocomposites for revolutionary breakthroughs. The water crisis is resolved by desalination, but prices, energy requirements, environmental effects, and brine disposal continue to be major obstacles on a worldwide scale. The solution is solar desalination, yet its effectiveness is restricted since when nanoparticles are used in solar desalination, the process becomes more efficient, scalable, economical, and ecologically friendly. This paper offers a thorough examination of several solar thermal desalination methods, covering steam production systems, their architectures, processes, and the contribution of various 2D and biomass-derived materials to increased desalination efficiency. With an emphasis on process performance, advantages, constraints, and economic stability, we critically examined previous research. Through the identification of research needs and the use of current knowledge, this study seeks to promote the development of sustainable solar thermal desalination technologies and water transport and thermal management for the best outcome, therefore supporting the integration of renewable energy and water production for a resilient and water-secure future.

考虑到全球范围内的水危机，海水淡化是一种技术补救措施，越来越依赖于纳米复合材料的革命性突破。海水淡化可以解决水危机，但价格、能源需求、环境影响和盐水处理仍然是全球范围内的主要障碍。解决方案是太阳能海水淡化，但其有效性受到限制，因为如果在太阳能海水淡化中使用纳米粒子，该过程将变得更加高效、可扩展、经济和生态友好。本文对几种太阳能热海水淡化方法进行了深入研究，涉及蒸汽生产系统、其结构、工艺以及各种二维材料和生物质衍生材料对提高海水淡化效率的贡献。我们以工艺性能、优势、制约因素和经济稳定性为重点，对之前的研究进行了严格审查。通过确定研究需求和利用现有知识，本研究旨在促进可持续太阳能热海水淡化技术的发展以及水运输和热管理的最佳成果，从而支持可再生能源和水生产的整合，实现一个有弹性和水安全的未来。

{"title":"Advances in solar desalination using 2D and biomass derived materials: A roadmap to sustainability","authors":"Muktar Nono Mohammed , M.A. Zaed , Idris Misau Muhammad , R. Saidur , K.H. Tan , Abdulrahman A. Abdulrasheed , Usman Dadum Hamza","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2024.e01183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the worldwide water crisis, desalination is a technological remedy that is becoming more dependent on nanocomposites for revolutionary breakthroughs. The water crisis is resolved by desalination, but prices, energy requirements, environmental effects, and brine disposal continue to be major obstacles on a worldwide scale. The solution is solar desalination, yet its effectiveness is restricted since when nanoparticles are used in solar desalination, the process becomes more efficient, scalable, economical, and ecologically friendly. This paper offers a thorough examination of several solar thermal desalination methods, covering steam production systems, their architectures, processes, and the contribution of various 2D and biomass-derived materials to increased desalination efficiency. With an emphasis on process performance, advantages, constraints, and economic stability, we critically examined previous research. Through the identification of research needs and the use of current knowledge, this study seeks to promote the development of sustainable solar thermal desalination technologies and water transport and thermal management for the best outcome, therefore supporting the integration of renewable energy and water production for a resilient and water-secure future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e01183"},"PeriodicalIF":8.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142707047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0