Sustainable Materials and Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Hollow crystalline red phosphorus for efficient visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from pure water splitting","authors":"Danyang Wang ,&nbsp;Xuanxuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinhui Zhai ,&nbsp;Zhen Wei ,&nbsp;Jiguang Deng ,&nbsp;Hongxing Dai ,&nbsp;Yun Hau Ng ,&nbsp;Lin Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen production through solar-driven photocatalytic pure-water splitting is a promising strategy for achieving carbon-neutral energy systems, yet the development of simple and single-component semiconductor photocatalysts that operate efficiently under visible-light irradiation remains highly challenging. Herein, we report for the first time the synthesis of hollow crystalline red phosphorus (h-CRP) nanospheres, featuring a well-defined thin-shell architecture, enhanced visible-light absorption, shortened charge-transport pathways, and an optimized band structure favorable for overall water splitting. Benefiting from these structural advantages, h-CRP exhibits a markedly improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate under visible-light irradiation, outperforming conventional rod-like CRP and amorphous RP. This work provides new insights into the structural design of phosphorus-based photocatalysts and highlights the great potential of hollow CRP nanostructures for efficient solar-to‑hydrogen conversion, while circumventing the complexity and material constraints typically associated with heterojunction-based overall water-splitting systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01897"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orange peel − derived CoFe₂O₄ spinel: A sustainable nanocatalyst for dye removal, water splitting, and CO₂ reduction","authors":"Odín Reyes-Vallejo ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Cano ,&nbsp;Rocío Sánchez-Albores ,&nbsp;Edith Luévano-Hipólito ,&nbsp;J. Escorcia-García ,&nbsp;Leticia M. Torres-Martínez ,&nbsp;Pathiyamattom Joseph Sebastian","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pressing need for sustainable and eco−friendly solutions has driven a paradigm shift towards innovative materials to tackle critical environmental and energy challenges. This study pioneers a green, waste−to−resource methodology for synthesizing cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) spinel nanoparticles, leveraging orange peel powder as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. By transforming agro−industrial waste into high−performance nanomaterials, this work exemplifies the seamless integration of circular economy principles with cutting−edge nanotechnology. Comprehensive characterization by XRD, SEM−TEM, BET, and UV−Vis spectroscopy revealed a well−defined cubic spinel structure with an optical bandgap of 1.46 eV, optimized for visible−light absorption. Advanced techniques, including Raman, XPS, and FTIR, uncovered a partially inverted spinel configuration, with Co²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions distributed across tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles demonstrated exceptional multifunctionality, excelling in both environmental remediation and renewable energy applications. In water treatment, the nanoparticles achieved remarkable dye removal efficiencies of 83.49% for malachite green (MG) and 49.73% for methylene blue (MB) through a synergistic adsorption−photocatalysis mechanism under visible light. In visible light−driven energy production, they facilitated hydrogen evolution (480 <em>μ</em>mol/g) and formic acid (180 <em>μ</em>mol/g) production from H₂O and CO₂ reduction, respectively. These achievements underscore the superior performance of the material compared to conventional photocatalysts. This approach establishes an efficient and sustainable route for nanomaterial synthesis, positioning orange peel−derived CoFe₂O₄ as a promising candidate for large−scale applications in water purification, renewable energy conversion, and carbon capture. By combining eco−compatibility with high catalytic efficiency, this study provides a scientifically grounded framework for advancing green nanotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01869"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A sustainable strategy of plant-derived nanozyme and polysaccharide microneedles for multifunctional therapy of infected wounds","authors":"Peiyuan Li ,&nbsp;Wenlin Zhou ,&nbsp;Qing Guo ,&nbsp;Siyan Liang ,&nbsp;Chumei Liang ,&nbsp;Wei Su","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of multifunctional wound dressings from sustainable resources is critical to advancing green biomedical materials for effective wound repair. In this study, we present an eco-friendly microneedle delivery platform (LutCe-QCS-GP MN) with integrated reactive oxygen scavenging and antibacterial functions. The system features a sustainable nanozyme (LutCe), formed by self-assembly of the plant-derived flavonoid luteolin and cerium ions, which exhibits robust superoxide dismutase-like activity. These LutCe nanozymes organic-inorganic hybrids were synthesized through a green assembly process and demonstrate potent scavenging capability against superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals, and reactive nitrogen species. Incorporated into the tips of the microneedles, they directly alleviate oxidative stress at the wound site. Simultaneously, an antimicrobial polysaccharide-based matrix provides effective defense against wound pathogens, preventing infection and secondary tissue damage. By synergistically combining sustainable antioxidant nanozymes with natural antibacterial components, the LutCe-QCS-GP MN system significantly reduced oxidative stress and bacterial load in wounds, markedly accelerating the healing process. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo safety evaluations support the biosafety of the platform, underscoring its potential for clinical translation. This work not only introduces a promising therapeutic strategy for wound management but also highlights the valorization of natural, sustainable resources in functional material design, offering a meaningful reference for green technology applications in biomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01893"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lanthanum-driven carbon capture via oxidative pyrolysis constructs La2O2CO3@biochar for phosphate adsorption and bacteriostasis","authors":"Lijun Yang ,&nbsp;Yiyi Shen ,&nbsp;Zhixu Du ,&nbsp;Xiaotong He ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Lichun Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The removal of nutrients (phosphate) and pathogen (e.g., <em>E. coli</em>, and <em>S. aureus</em>) are of great importance to the water quality. Lanthanum carbonates possess balanced properties in adsorption performance, chemical stability and biosafety. Herein, a route, lanthanum (La)-enabled carbon capture during oxidative pyrolysis, was developed for the synthesis of biochar-supported La carbonate (La₂O₂CO₃/biochar) as antibacterial phosphate adsorbent. The results showed that the CO₂ generated from oxidative pyrolysis could be captured by La, leading to the formation of La₂O₂CO₃ on biochar surface. The resultant La₂O₂CO₃@biochar possessed a high phosphate adsorption capacity of ∼134.66 mg/g at a low dosage of 0.1 g/L. Furthermore, the material exhibited remarkable dual functionality, achieving &gt;99.99% inactivation of <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> without compromising its adsorption capacity. This synergistic nutrient-capturing and antibacterial capability addresses two critical challenges in water treatment, i.e., eutrophication control and pathogen elimination, within a single-step process. Finally, this study proposed an alternative route for the synthesis of biochar-supported La carbonates as highly efficient antibacterial phosphate adsorbent for advanced water treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01896"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lotus pod-inspired self-floating photothermal system based on laser-ablated Ag nanoparticles on macroporous polyvinyl formal sponge for green seawater desalination and oil absorption","authors":"Mariam El-Adl ,&nbsp;S.E. Samra ,&nbsp;Amr Awad Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Mina Shawky Adly","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pollution and water scarcity have become major global issues that endanger both ecological sustainability and human health. Though traditional evaporator designs have limited efficiency and salt accumulation, solar-driven water purification offers a promising green and eco-friendly solution. In this study, a soft, flexible, and self-floating photoabsorber was prepared by a simple method with a bioinspired cone architecture from the lotus pod. The fabricated device is characterized by excellent photothermal conversion, rapid water transportation through the macrochannels, and exceptional salt rejection. Laser ablation was applied to convert the surface of the polyvinyl formal (poly(vinyl alcohol) formaldehyde, PVF) sponge into a black material-based laser-induced graphene (LIG) decorated with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The generated nanocomposite exhibits remarkable mechanical durability under stress-strain tension and high photothermal efficiency for seawater desalination. This photothermal exhibits remarkable performance, which is attributed to multi-directional solar energy absorption through a porous structure, enhanced thermal localization, and good salt rejection. Furthermore, the photothermal materials adhered to the surface tightly and floated on the water surface without tilting. The designated LIG-Ag-based PVF sponge exhibited an efficiency of 108.7% under one sun irradiation, along with a significant rate of 1.57 kg m⁻² h⁻¹. Moreover, it demonstrated good performance in terms of salt resistance, chemical and mechanical stability, recyclability and absorption of organic liquids. The cone-like design can be used as an excellent candidate for different applications related to water desalination and purification due to its simplicity, cost-effective production process, and improved solar photothermal efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01895"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling up ceramic recovery from end-of-life solid oxide cells: Process optimization and evaluation of recovered materials","authors":"S. Saffirio ,&nbsp;S. Anelli ,&nbsp;J.F. Basbus ,&nbsp;A. Barbucci ,&nbsp;A.G. Sabato ,&nbsp;F. Smeacetto ,&nbsp;S.L. Fiorilli","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a scalable and sustainable method for recovering yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and nickel (as NiO) from end-of-life (EoL) solid oxide cells (SOCs). The process combines hydrothermal disaggregation at 200 °C with acid leaching into a single-step treatment, enabling whole-cell recycling and eliminating the need for complex layer separation. Optimised conditions – 50 g of SOC powder treated with 1 M HNO₃ for 1 h – achieved ≈92 wt% YSZ recovery while minimizing reagent use and processing time. The recovered YSZ showed a particle size distribution (445 ± 140 nm) comparable to virgin 3YSZ (470 ± 90 nm), with minimal Ni contamination (0.1 wt%) and preserved yttria content. When sintered at 1300 °C for 3 h, the material reached 95.5% relative density and an ionic conductivity of 7.9 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 800 °C, closely matching virgin 3YSZ (97.8%, 9.4 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹). A residual monoclinic phase (17.4 wt%), which may slightly reduce transformation toughening, did not significantly affect ionic transport. Reuse pathways for recovered YSZ include closed-loop reintegration into SOC electrolytes or supports, and open-loop valorisation such as thermal barrier coatings or catalytic substrates. Concurrently, ≈99 wt% of Ni has been recovered in the form of NiO, with Co and La contamination below 1 wt%, further supporting circular economy strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01878"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injectable biomimetic composite hydrogel containing total flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae for bone regeneration","authors":"Yuanbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yueting Sun ,&nbsp;Yong Lang ,&nbsp;Qi Sun ,&nbsp;Quanwei Ding ,&nbsp;Kejie Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingfeng Pan ,&nbsp;Kailong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Guohua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone tissue engineering materials exhibit significant potential in the realm of bone defect regeneration owing to their outstanding biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical support, and well-defined osteoinductive activity. Nevertheless, the existing materials commonly encounter the issue of insufficient interfacial adhesion, which renders it arduous to attain long-term stable residence and controlled drug release at complex defect sites. In this study, a strongly adhesive composite hydrogel system loaded with The total flavonoids of <em>Rhizoma Drynariae</em> (TFRD) was developed as a bone tissue engineering material for bone defect regeneration. The composite hydrogel was consisted of dopamine-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA-DA) and mussel adhesion protein (MAP). This hydrogel system leveraged the interfacial bonding between the dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) groups of mussel mucin to realize strong adhesion at the bone defect site. Simultaneously, the stable and sustained release of TFRD was realized through enzyme-responsive degradation. In addition, the obtained hydrogel system not only possessed favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability but can also mimicked the extracellular matrix environment to mitigate the stimulation of surrounding tissues and reduce the risk of inflammatory reactions, thereby providing a suitable milieu for the drugs to exert their effects and promoting the bone defect regeneration process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01894"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From medical waste to energy storage: Sulfonation−ball−milling derived porous carbon from waste masks for high−performance supercapacitors","authors":"Xinlin Ma ,&nbsp;Zengyuan Fan ,&nbsp;Meng Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Cui ,&nbsp;Hai Ni ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wu ,&nbsp;Qiushi Sun ,&nbsp;Bin Fu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The massive disposal of medical masks during the COVID−19 pandemic poses serious environmental challenges, highlighting the need for sustainable recycling strategies. Herein, we report a synergistic sulfonation–ball milling activation–carbonization route, to transform waste polypropylene masks into sulfur−doped hierarchical porous carbons with controllable pore structure and heteroatom incorporation. The optimized sample (SPMM−B0.5−700) delivers a high specific surface area of 601.6 m² g⁻¹, abundant mesopores, and enriched heteroatom functionalities. Benefiting from the combined effects of enhanced sulfur doping and regulated hierarchical porosity, it achieves a remarkable capacitance of 353 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ in a three−electrode system and 122.6 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹ in a symmetric supercapacitor, along with an energy density of 33.4 Wh kg⁻¹ and excellent cycling stability over 10000 cycles. This research not only provides a sustainable solution for medical waste management, but also demonstrates the potential of upcycled carbon materials in energy storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01890"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient urea oxidation from strontium ferrite nanostructures synthesized using iron recovered from waste iron ore slime","authors":"Sapna Devi ,&nbsp;Sunaina ,&nbsp;Sushma Kumari ,&nbsp;Kritika Sood ,&nbsp;Santanu Sarkar ,&nbsp;Pratik Swarup Dash ,&nbsp;Menaka Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SrFeO₃ is a perovskite-type mixed oxide with the general formula ABO₃, well known for its distinctive structural features, including oxygen vacancies and the unusual oxidation states of iron. These characteristics impart high ionic mobility, tunable electronic conductivity, and excellent redox flexibility, making SrFeO₃ highly suitable for diverse catalytic and energy-related applications. In this study, a sustainable approach is demonstrated for the recovery of iron values from iron ore slimes, which are then utilized to synthesize SrFeO₃ nanoplates through an eco-friendly method. The resulting SrFeO₃ exhibits remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards urea electrolysis, requiring a low overpotential of 1.57 V and showing a small Tafel slope of 29 mV dec⁻¹, indicative of fast reaction kinetics. In addition, the catalyst displays excellent durability for up to 18 h, confirming its robustness under prolonged electrochemical operation. Such performance parameters highlight the material's potential to significantly reduce the energy demand of urea oxidation, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of urea-assisted electrolysis systems. The development of this waste-derived catalytic material aligns with global efforts to promote sustainable and environmentally responsible technologies. By converting low-value waste into high-value functional oxides, the work supports waste-to-wealth strategies while contributing to cleaner chemical synthesis and greener energy production. Overall, the study not only establishes a practical route for utilizing industrial waste but also demonstrates the potential of SrFeO₃ nanostructures as efficient electrocatalysts, advancing the broader goals of pollution reduction, resource circularity, and sustainable energy development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01889"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene-based catalysts for electrochemical nitrate and nitrogen reduction: A review toward sustainable nitrogenous fuels","authors":"Ubaid Ullah Jan ,&nbsp;Kiruthika Mariappan ,&nbsp;Subramanian Sakthinathan ,&nbsp;Te-Wei Chiu ,&nbsp;Yu-Han Tsai ,&nbsp;Muhammad Sheraz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Arshid Numan ,&nbsp;Chao-Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Ching-Lung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.susmat.2026.e01892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, MXenes have emerged as promising materials for eco-friendly electrochemical nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation in nitrogen reduction reactions (NRR). MXene possesses high hydrophilicity, large specific surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and numerous active sites, making it a suitable candidate for catalytic applications. These features support functionalization and enhancement methods, including the integration of co-catalysts and the formation of MXene-based composites and hybrids. Notably, MXene–metal composite catalysts have been reported to achieve Faradaic efficiencies exceeding 95%, underscoring their strong industrial potential for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction. MXene-based nitrate reduction presents challenges related to scalability, stability, and industrial integration, as well as an unclear structure-activity relationship that affects catalytic performance. Improving selectivity, faradaic efficiency, and nitrate conversion rates remains crucial, while deeper insights into reaction mechanisms and active sites are needed for optimized performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the properties, synthesis methods, and applications of MXene-based materials in electrochemical nitrate reduction and nitrogen reduction reactions, focusing on their roles as catalysts. Additionally, current challenges and future directions for sustainable nitrogen-based fuel production are discussed in detail. This work aims to offer valuable insights into the strategic design of MXene catalyst for ENR and NRR. The review also examines the impact of MXene structure, including layer spacing, surface termination, and edge chemistry, on enhancing electrocatalytic efficiency. A particular emphasis is placed on the synthesis of 2D and 3D Mxene metal composite, as well as single-atom catalysts (SACs), which enhance performance by creating highly active and selective sites for ENR. These advances have improved conversion rates and selectivity for desired products, such as NH₃ and N₂. The review examines NO₃⁻ reduction, particularly ENR, using MXene catalysts, analyzing important reaction pathways, intermediates, and reaction rate parameters. Furthermore, the review also discusses how various experimental conditions, such as pH, applied potential, and nitrate concentration, influence the reaction rate and desired product distribution. The final section identifies the challenges and future directions for the ENR, particularly in scaling up the synthesis of MXene-based materials and achieving greater control over product selectivity for industrial applications. Improving the efficiency and selectivity of NO₃ to clean nitrogenous fuel conversion will be critical for realizing the potential of MXenes in sustainable energy technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":22097,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Materials and Technologies","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article e01892"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}