The association of overweight, obesity, and long-term obesity with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a meta-analysis of 9 population-based cohorts from the Netherlands Cohorts Consortium.

IF 4.2 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM International Journal of Obesity Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI:10.1038/s41366-024-01660-x

Bette Loef, Jolanda M A Boer, Marian Beekman, Sophie L Campman, Emiel O Hoogendijk, Floris Huider, Demi M E Pagen, Marije J Splinter, Jeroen H P M van der Velde, Dorret I Boomsma, Pieter C Dagnelie, Jenny van Dongen, Eco J C de Geus, Martijn Huisman, M Arfan Ikram, Annemarie Koster, Silvan Licher, Jochen O Mierau, Renée de Mutsert, H Susan J Picavet, Frits R Rosendaal, Miranda T Schram, P Eline Slagboom, Evie van der Spoel, Karien Stronks, W M Monique Verschuren, Saskia W van den Berg

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Abstract

Background: Obesity may affect an individual's immune response and subsequent risk of infection, such as a SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is less clear whether overweight and long-term obesity also constitute risk factors. We investigated the association between the degree and duration of overweight and obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: We analyzed data from nine prospective population-based cohorts of the Netherlands Cohorts Consortium, with a total of 99,570 participants, following a standardized procedure. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were assessed two times before the pandemic, with approximately 5 years between measurements. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined by self-report as a positive PCR or rapid-antigen test or as COVID-19 ascertained by a physician between March 2020 and January 2023. For three cohorts, information on SARS-CoV-2 infection by serology was available. Results were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and number of SARS-CoV-2 infection measurements.

Results: Individuals with overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m²) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95%-confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.13) or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²) (OR = 1.43, 95%-CI 1.18-1.75) were more likely to report SARS-CoV-2 infection than individuals with a healthy body weight. We observed comparable ORs for abdominal overweight (men: 94 cm≤WC < 102 cm, women: 80 cm≤WC < 88 cm) (OR = 1.09, 95%-CI 1.04-1.14, I² = 0%) and abdominal obesity (men: WC ≥ 102 cm, women: WC ≥ 88 cm) (OR = 1.24, 95%-CI 0.999-1.55, I² = 57%). Individuals with obesity long before the pandemic, but with a healthy body weight or overweight just before the pandemic, were not at increased risk.

Conclusion: Overweight and obesity were associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with stronger associations for obesity. Individuals with a healthier weight prior to the pandemic but previous obesity did not have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that weight loss in those with obesity reduces infection risk. These results underline the importance of obesity prevention and weight management for public health.

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超重、肥胖和长期肥胖与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的关系：荷兰队列联合会 9 个人群队列的荟萃分析。

背景：肥胖可能会影响个人的免疫反应和随后的感染风险，如感染 SARS-CoV-2。目前尚不清楚超重和长期肥胖是否也构成风险因素。我们研究了超重和肥胖的程度和持续时间与 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间的关系：我们按照标准程序分析了荷兰队列联合会的九个前瞻性人群队列中的数据，共有 99,570 人参加。体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）在疫情爆发前进行了两次评估，两次评估之间相隔约 5 年。在 2020 年 3 月至 2023 年 1 月期间，SARS-CoV-2 感染的自我报告定义为 PCR 或快速抗原检测呈阳性，或由医生确认为 COVID-19 感染。有三个队列通过血清学获得了 SARS-CoV-2 感染信息。采用随机效应荟萃分析对结果进行汇总，并根据年龄、性别、教育程度和 SARS-CoV-2 感染测量次数进行调整：结果：与体重健康的人相比，超重（25 ≤ BMI 2）（比值比 (OR) = 1.08，95% 置信区间 (CI) 1.04-1.13）或肥胖（BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2）（比值比 = 1.43，95% 置信区间 (CI) 1.18-1.75）的人更有可能报告感染了 SARS-CoV-2。我们观察到腹部超重（男性：94 厘米≤WC 2 = 0%）和腹部肥胖（男性：WC ≥ 102 厘米，女性：WC ≥ 88 厘米）的 OR 值相当（OR = 1.24，95%-CI 0.999-1.55，I2 = 57%）。早在大流行前就有肥胖症，但在大流行前体重健康或超重的人的风险并没有增加：结论：超重和肥胖与感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险增加有关，肥胖的相关性更大。大流行前体重较健康但曾有肥胖症的人感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险并没有增加，这表明肥胖症患者减轻体重可降低感染风险。这些结果凸显了预防肥胖和控制体重对公共卫生的重要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Obesity 医学-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

2.00%

发文量

221

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Obesity is a multi-disciplinary forum for research describing basic, clinical and applied studies in biochemistry, physiology, genetics and nutrition, molecular, metabolic, psychological and epidemiological aspects of obesity and related disorders. We publish a range of content types including original research articles, technical reports, reviews, correspondence and brief communications that elaborate on significant advances in the field and cover topical issues.