MARGARET INFELD MD, MS , JAMIE A. CYR PhD , DAMIÁN SÁNCHEZ-QUINTANA MD, PhD , CHRISTOPHER MADIAS MD , JAMES E. UDELSON MD , DANIEL L. LUSTGARTEN MD, PhD , MARKUS MEYER MD, PhD
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Abstract
Permanent pacing from the right ventricular apex can reduce quality of life and increase the risk of heart failure and death. This review summarizes the milestones in the evolution of pacemakers toward physiological pacing with biventricular pacing systems and lead implantation into the cardiac conduction system to synchronize cardiac contraction and relaxation. Both approaches aim to reproduce normal cardiac activation and help to prevent and treat heart failure. This review introduces the basic concepts and clinical evidence and discusses the practical uses of physiological pacing.
期刊介绍：
Journal of Cardiac Failure publishes original, peer-reviewed communications of scientific excellence and review articles on clinical research, basic human studies, animal studies, and bench research with potential clinical applications to heart failure - pathogenesis, etiology, epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, assessment, prevention, and treatment.
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