Sensory Processing Challenges in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Genetic Conditions: An Observational Study.

IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY NeuroSci Pub Date : 2024-09-12 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.3390/neurosci5030027
Ekaine Rodríguez-Armendariz, María Vela-Romero, Adrián Galiana
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Abstract

Sensory processing challenges are crucial yet often neglected aspects in the care of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions. They represent a key area of interest in neuroscience, as they significantly impact children's daily functioning and quality of life. This observational study examines these challenges in a group of 614 children, aged 3 to 14 years and 11 months, divided into three groups: 183 with neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delays, and learning disorders), 89 with genetic conditions (22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams syndrome, and pseudohypoparathyroidism), and 342 controls. Sensory processing was assessed using Sensory Profile 2 (SP2). Results indicated that children with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions exhibited significant sensory processing difficulties compared to controls. SP2 identified distinct sensory challenges across different sensory systems, varying by diagnosis. Notably, genetic conditions appeared to have a more generalised impact across multiple sensory systems, while neurodevelopmental disorders tended to affect specific systems more narrowly. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and tailored evidence-based interventions to address these specific sensory processing issues. Further research should explore the long-term impact of these interventions in these different populations and their integration into broader therapeutic programmes.

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神经发育障碍和遗传疾病儿童的感官处理挑战:观察研究
感觉处理障碍是神经发育障碍和遗传疾病儿童护理中的关键问题,但却常常被忽视。它们是神经科学的一个重要关注领域,因为它们对儿童的日常功能和生活质量有着重大影响。这项观察性研究对 614 名年龄在 3-14 岁零 11 个月的儿童的这些挑战进行了研究,这些儿童分为三组:183 名神经发育障碍儿童(自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、发育迟缓和学习障碍)、89 名遗传病儿童(22q11.2 缺失综合征、威廉姆斯综合征和假性甲状旁腺功能亢进症)和 342 名对照组。感官处理能力通过感官档案 2(SP2)进行评估。结果表明,与对照组相比,患有神经发育障碍和遗传疾病的儿童表现出明显的感觉处理障碍。SP2 确定了不同感官系统所面临的不同感官挑战,这些挑战因诊断而异。值得注意的是,遗传性疾病似乎对多个感觉系统的影响更为普遍,而神经发育障碍对特定系统的影响则更为狭窄。这些发现强调了早期识别和有针对性的循证干预对解决这些特定感官处理问题的重要性。进一步的研究应探讨这些干预措施对这些不同人群的长期影响,并将其纳入更广泛的治疗计划中。
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