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The Intersection of Ultra-Processed Foods, Neuropsychiatric Disorders, and Neurolaw: Implications for Criminal Justice. 超加工食品、神经精神疾病和神经法的交集:对刑事司法的影响》。
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-23 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030028
Susan L Prescott, Kathleen F Holton, Christopher A Lowry, Jeffrey J Nicholson, Alan C Logan

Over the last decade there has been increasing interest in the links between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and various neuropsychiatric disorders, aggression, and antisocial behavior. Neurolaw is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to translate the rapid and voluminous advances in brain science into legal decisions and policy. An enhanced understanding of biophysiological mechanisms by which ultra-processed foods influence brain and behavior allows for a historical reexamination of one of forensic neuropsychiatry's most famous cases-The People v. White and its associated 'Twinkie Defense'. Here in this Viewpoint article, we pair original court transcripts with emergent research in neurolaw, including nutritional neuroscience, microbiome sciences (legalome), pre-clinical mechanistic research, and clinical intervention trials. Advances in neuroscience, and related fields such as the microbiome, are challenging basic assumptions in the criminal justice system, including notions of universal free will. Recent dismissals of criminal charges related to auto-brewery syndrome demonstrate that courts are open to advances at the intersection of neuromicrobiology and nutritional neuroscience, including those that relate to criminal intent and diminished capacity. As such, it is our contention that experts in the neurosciences will play an increasing role in shaping research that underpins 21st-century courtroom discourse, policy, and decision-making.

在过去十年中,人们越来越关注食用超加工食品与各种神经精神疾病、攻击行为和反社会行为之间的联系。神经法是一个跨学科领域,旨在将脑科学的飞速发展转化为法律决策和政策。通过进一步了解超加工食品影响大脑和行为的生物生理机制,我们可以对法医神经精神病学最著名的案例之一--"人民诉怀特案 "及其相关的 "Twinkie 辩护 "进行历史性的重新审视。在这篇观点文章中,我们将原始法庭记录与神经法领域的新兴研究相结合,包括营养神经科学、微生物组科学(legalome)、临床前机理研究和临床干预试验。神经科学以及微生物组等相关领域的进步正在挑战刑事司法系统的基本假设,包括普遍自由意志的概念。最近,与自动酿酒综合症有关的刑事指控被驳回,这表明法院对神经微生物学和营养神经科学交叉领域的进展持开放态度,包括与犯罪意图和能力减弱有关的进展。因此,我们认为,神经科学专家将在影响 21 世纪法庭讨论、政策和决策的研究方面发挥越来越大的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary Evidence That Design Fluency Is Related to Dual-Task Treadmill Gait Variability in Healthy Adults. 初步证据表明,设计流畅性与健康成年人的双任务跑步机步态变异性有关。
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030026
Christopher I Higginson, Morgan K Bifano, Kelly M Seymour, Rachel L Orr, Kurt M DeGoede, Jill S Higginson

Evidence supporting a link between gait and cognition is accumulating. However, the relation between executive functioning and spatiotemporal gait parameters has received little attention. This is surprising since these gait variables are related to falls. The goal of this preliminary study was to determine whether performance on measures of inhibition, reasoning, and fluency is related to variability in stride length and step width during dual-task treadmill walking in a sample of healthy adults. Nineteen healthy adults averaging 40 years of age were evaluated. Results indicated that processing speed was reduced, t(18) = 6.31, p = 0.0001, step width increased, t(18) = -8.00, p = 0.0001, and stride length decreased, t(18) = 3.06, p = 0.007, while dual tasking, but variability in gait parameters did not significantly change, consistent with a gait/posture-first approach. As hypothesized, better performance on a visual design fluency task which assesses cognitive flexibility was associated with less dual-task stride length variability, rs (17) = -0.43, p = 0.034, and step width variability, r = -0.56, p = 0.006. The results extend previous findings with older adults walking over ground and additionally suggest that cognitive flexibility may be important for gait maintenance while dual tasking.

支持步态与认知之间存在联系的证据正在不断积累。然而,执行功能与时空步态参数之间的关系却很少受到关注。这一点令人惊讶,因为这些步态变量与跌倒有关。这项初步研究的目的是确定在健康成年人样本中进行双任务跑步机行走时,抑制、推理和流畅性测量的表现是否与步长和步幅的变化有关。19 名平均年龄为 40 岁的健康成年人接受了评估。结果表明,在执行双重任务时,处理速度降低(t(18) = 6.31,p = 0.0001),步幅增加(t(18) = -8.00,p = 0.0001),步长减少(t(18) = 3.06,p = 0.007),但步态参数的变异性没有显著变化,这与步态/姿势优先的方法一致。正如假设的那样,在评估认知灵活性的视觉设计流畅性任务中表现较好,与较少的双重任务步长变异性(rs (17) = -0.43,p = 0.034)和步宽变异性(r = -0.56,p = 0.006)有关。这些结果扩展了之前对老年人在地面上行走的研究结果,并进一步表明认知灵活性对于在双重任务中保持步态可能非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Sensory Processing Challenges in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Genetic Conditions: An Observational Study. 神经发育障碍和遗传疾病儿童的感官处理挑战:观察研究
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-12 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030027
Ekaine Rodríguez-Armendariz, María Vela-Romero, Adrián Galiana

Sensory processing challenges are crucial yet often neglected aspects in the care of children with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions. They represent a key area of interest in neuroscience, as they significantly impact children's daily functioning and quality of life. This observational study examines these challenges in a group of 614 children, aged 3 to 14 years and 11 months, divided into three groups: 183 with neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delays, and learning disorders), 89 with genetic conditions (22q11.2 deletion syndrome, Williams syndrome, and pseudohypoparathyroidism), and 342 controls. Sensory processing was assessed using Sensory Profile 2 (SP2). Results indicated that children with neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic conditions exhibited significant sensory processing difficulties compared to controls. SP2 identified distinct sensory challenges across different sensory systems, varying by diagnosis. Notably, genetic conditions appeared to have a more generalised impact across multiple sensory systems, while neurodevelopmental disorders tended to affect specific systems more narrowly. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and tailored evidence-based interventions to address these specific sensory processing issues. Further research should explore the long-term impact of these interventions in these different populations and their integration into broader therapeutic programmes.

感觉处理障碍是神经发育障碍和遗传疾病儿童护理中的关键问题,但却常常被忽视。它们是神经科学的一个重要关注领域,因为它们对儿童的日常功能和生活质量有着重大影响。这项观察性研究对 614 名年龄在 3-14 岁零 11 个月的儿童的这些挑战进行了研究,这些儿童分为三组:183 名神经发育障碍儿童(自闭症谱系障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、发育迟缓和学习障碍)、89 名遗传病儿童(22q11.2 缺失综合征、威廉姆斯综合征和假性甲状旁腺功能亢进症)和 342 名对照组。感官处理能力通过感官档案 2(SP2)进行评估。结果表明,与对照组相比,患有神经发育障碍和遗传疾病的儿童表现出明显的感觉处理障碍。SP2 确定了不同感官系统所面临的不同感官挑战,这些挑战因诊断而异。值得注意的是,遗传性疾病似乎对多个感觉系统的影响更为普遍,而神经发育障碍对特定系统的影响则更为狭窄。这些发现强调了早期识别和有针对性的循证干预对解决这些特定感官处理问题的重要性。进一步的研究应探讨这些干预措施对这些不同人群的长期影响,并将其纳入更广泛的治疗计划中。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence, Symptom Profiles, and Correlates of Mixed Anxiety-Depression in Male and Female Autistic Youth. 男女自闭症青少年混合焦虑抑郁的患病率、症状特征及相关因素。
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030025
Vicki Bitsika, Christopher F Sharpley, Kirstan A Vessey, Ian D Evans

Relatively little attention has been given to mixed anxiety and depression in autistic youth, particularly how this differs between males and females. This study investigated sex-based differences in the prevalence and correlates of mixed anxiety and depression in a sample of 51 autistic males (M age = 10.16 yr, SD = 2.81 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr) and 51 autistic females (M age = - 10.07 yr, SD = 2.76 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr), matched for age, IQ, and autism severity. Self-reports on generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, morning salivary cortisol, ADOS-2 scores, and WASI-II full-scale scores were collected from these autistic youth, and data on the ASD-related symptoms of these youth were collected from their parents. The data were analysed for total anxiety-depression score levels, for the underlying components of this scale, and for the individual items used in the scale. The results indicate no significant sex differences for the prevalence of mixed anxiety and depression total scores or the underlying components of anxiety and depression or for the individual items of the mixed anxiety-depression scale. There were sex differences in the significant correlates of mixed anxiety and depression: morning cortisol and ASD-related difficulties in social interaction for females, and ASD-related behaviour for males. Males' feelings of being restless or edgy were correlated with their social interaction and repetitive and restricted behaviour. Females' difficulties in social interaction were correlated with their concerns about their abilities and their sleeping problems. Females' sleeping problems, their tendency to talk about dying, and feeling worthless, were correlated with their morning cortisol. These findings suggest that, while mixed anxiety and depression is experienced similarly by autistic males and females at the global, component, and individual item levels, specific aspects of the symptomatology of mixed anxiety and depression are differently associated with aspects of their ASD-related symptomatology and their levels of chronic physiological stress for males and females.

人们对自闭症青少年混合焦虑和抑郁的关注相对较少,尤其是男女之间的差异。本研究调查了 51 名自闭症男性(平均年龄为 10.16 岁,平均年龄为 2.81 岁,年龄范围为 6 至 17 岁)和 51 名自闭症女性(平均年龄为 - 10.07 岁,平均年龄为 2.76 岁,年龄范围为 6 至 17 岁)在混合焦虑和抑郁的患病率和相关性方面的性别差异。研究人员收集了这些自闭症青少年对广泛性焦虑症和重度抑郁症的自我报告、早晨唾液皮质醇、ADOS-2 评分和 WASI-II 满分评分,并从他们的父母那里收集了这些青少年的 ASD 相关症状数据。我们对数据进行了分析,包括焦虑抑郁总分水平、该量表的基本组成部分以及量表中使用的单个项目。结果表明,在混合焦虑和抑郁的总分、焦虑和抑郁的基本成分或混合焦虑抑郁量表的各个项目上,没有明显的性别差异。混合焦虑和抑郁的重要相关因素存在性别差异:女性的晨间皮质醇和社会交往中与自闭症有关的困难,以及男性与自闭症有关的行为。男性的烦躁不安情绪与他们的社会交往以及重复性和限制性行为相关。女性在社交方面的困难与她们对自身能力的担忧和睡眠问题有关。女性的睡眠问题、谈论死亡的倾向和无价值感则与她们早晨的皮质醇有关。这些研究结果表明,虽然自闭症男性和女性在整体、成分和单项水平上都有类似的混合焦虑和抑郁体验,但混合焦虑和抑郁症状的特定方面与自闭症相关症状的各个方面以及男性和女性的慢性生理压力水平有不同的关联。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Effect of Padina arborescens Extract on a Cell System Model for Parkinson's Disease. Padina arborescens 提取物对帕金森病细胞系统模型的治疗效果
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-30 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030024
Dong Hwan Ho, Hyejung Kim, Daleum Nam, Mi Kyoung Seo, Sung Woo Park, Dong-Kyu Kim, Ilhong Son

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and α-synuclein are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The activity of LRRK2 in microglial cells is associated with neuroinflammation, and LRRK2 inhibitors are crucial for alleviating this neuroinflammatory response. α-synuclein contributes to oxidative stress in the dopaminergic neuron and neuroinflammation through Toll-like receptors in microglia. In this study, we investigated the effect of the marine alga Padina arborescens on neuroinflammation by examining LRRK2 activation and the aggregation of α-synuclein. P. arborescens extract inhibits LRRK2 activity in vitro and decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced LRRK2 upregulation in BV2, a mouse microglial cell line. Treatment with P. arborescens extract decreased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression by LPS through LRRK2 inhibition in BV2. It also attenuated TNF-α gene expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and the release of TNF-α and cellular nitric oxide in rat primary microglia. Furthermore, P. arborescens extract prevented rotenone (RTN)-induced oxidative stress in primary rat astrocytes and inhibited α-synuclein fibrilization in an in vitro assay using recombinant α-synuclein and in the differentiated human dopaminergic neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y (dSH). The extract increased lysosomal activity in dSH cells. In addition, P. arborescens extract slightly prolonged the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans, which was reduced by RTN treatment.

富亮氨酸重复激酶2(LRRK2)和α-突触核蛋白与帕金森病的发病机制有关。LRRK2 在小胶质细胞中的活性与神经炎症有关,而 LRRK2 抑制剂对于减轻这种神经炎症反应至关重要。α-突触核蛋白通过小胶质细胞中的 Toll 样受体,促进多巴胺能神经元的氧化应激和神经炎症。在这项研究中,我们通过检测 LRRK2 的激活和 α-突触核蛋白的聚集,研究了海洋藻类 Padina arborescens 对神经炎症的影响。石莲花提取物在体外能抑制 LRRK2 的活性,并能降低脂多糖(LPS)诱导的 LRRK2 在小鼠小胶质细胞系 BV2 中的上调。通过抑制小鼠微神经胶质细胞系 BV2 中的 LRRK2,用旱芹提取物处理可降低 LPS 诱导的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)基因表达。它还能减少大鼠原代小胶质细胞中 TNF-α 基因表达、诱导型一氧化氮合酶以及 TNF-α 和细胞一氧化氮的释放。此外,旱金莲提取物还能防止鱼藤酮(RTN)诱导的原代大鼠星形胶质细胞氧化应激,并在使用重组α-突触核蛋白的体外试验中抑制α-突触核蛋白纤维化,以及在分化的人多巴胺能神经细胞系SH-SY5Y(dSH)中抑制α-突触核蛋白纤维化。提取物提高了 dSH 细胞的溶酶体活性。此外,旱金莲提取物还能轻微延长秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命,而 RTN 处理则会缩短秀丽隐杆线虫的寿命。
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引用次数: 0
Workflow and Short-Term Functional Outcomes in Simultaneous Acute Code Stroke Activation and Stroke Reperfusion Therapy. 同时进行急性代码脑卒中激活和脑卒中再灌注治疗的工作流程和短期功能结果。
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-22 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030023
Robert Joseph Sarmiento, Amanda Wagner, Asif Sheriff, Colleen Taralson, Nadine Moniz, Jason Opsahl, Thomas Jeerakathil, Brian Buck, William Sevcik, Ashfaq Shuaib, Mahesh Kate

The burden of simultaneous acute code stroke activation (ACSA) is not known. We aim to assess the effect of simultaneous ACSA on workflow metrics and home time at 90 days in patients undergoing reperfusion therapies in the emergency department. Simultaneous ACSA was defined as code activation within 60 min of the arrival of any patient receiving intravenous thrombolysis, within 150 min of the arrival of any patient receiving endovascular thrombectomy, within 45 min of the arrival of any patient receiving no reperfusion therapies (based on mean local door-to-needle and door-to-puncture times). Simultaneous ACSA was further graded as 1, 2 and 3. We assessed workflow metrics as door-to-CT (DTC) time, in minutes, and functional outcome as home time at 90 days. A total of 2605 patients were assessed as ACSA at a mean ± SD activations of 130.8 ± 17.1/month and 859 (33%) were simultaneous. Among all ACSA, 545 (20.9%) underwent acute reperfusion therapy with a mean age of 70.6 ± 14.2 years, 45.9% (n = 254) were female with a median (IQR) NIHSS of 13 (8-18). A total of 220 (40.4%) patients underwent simultaneous treatments. The median DTC time, in minutes, was prolonged in grade 3 simultaneous ACSA (18 (13, 28)) compared to non-simultaneous ACSA (15 (11, 21) β = 0.23, p < 0.0001). There was no difference in the median home time at 90 days between the simultaneous (58, 0-84.5 days) and non-simultaneous (54, 0-85 days) patients. Simultaneous ACSA is frequent in patients receiving acute reperfusion therapies. An optimal workflow in high-volume centers may help mitigate the clinical and system burden associated with simultaneity.

急性卒中同步代码激活(ACSA)的负担尚不清楚。我们旨在评估同时 ACSA 对急诊科接受再灌注治疗的患者 90 天内的工作流程指标和居家时间的影响。同时 ACSA 的定义是:在接受静脉溶栓治疗的患者到达后 60 分钟内、在接受血管内血栓切除术的患者到达后 150 分钟内、在未接受再灌注治疗的患者到达后 45 分钟内启动代码(基于当地平均 "门到针 "和 "门到穿刺 "时间)。同时进行的 ACSA 进一步分为 1、2 和 3 级。我们以门到 CT(DTC)时间(分钟)来评估工作流程指标,以 90 天的居家时间来评估功能结果。共有 2605 例患者被评估为 ACSA,平均(±SD)激活率为 130.8 ± 17.1/月,其中 859 例(33%)为同时激活。在所有 ACSA 患者中,545 人(20.9%)接受了急性再灌注治疗,平均年龄(70.6 ± 14.2)岁,45.9%(n = 254)为女性,NIHSS 中位数(IQR)为 13(8-18)。共有 220 名(40.4%)患者同时接受了治疗。与非同步 ACSA(15(11,21)β = 0.23,P < 0.0001)相比,3 级同步 ACSA 的中位 DTC 时间(以分钟为单位)延长了(18(13,28))。同时发生(58 天,0-84.5 天)和非同时发生(54 天,0-85 天)的患者在 90 天的中位回家时间上没有差异。在接受急性再灌注治疗的患者中,同时进行 ACSA 的情况很常见。高流量中心的最佳工作流程可能有助于减轻与同时进行相关的临床和系统负担。
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引用次数: 0
Salivary Transcriptome and Mitochondrial Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Children Compared to Healthy Controls. 与健康对照组相比,自闭症谱系障碍儿童的唾液转录组和线粒体分析。
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-06 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030022
Mark Cannon, Ryan Toma, Sri Ganeshan, Emmery de Jesus Alvarez Varela, Momchilo Vuyisich, Guruduth Banavar

Autism rates have been reported to be increasing rapidly in industrialized societies. The pathology most often combines neurological symptoms associated with language and social impairments with gastrointestinal symptoms. This study aimed to measure differences in oral metatranscriptome and mitochondrial health between ASD children and neurotypical USA and Colombia ("Blue Zone") children. In addition, this study aimed to determine whether using prebiotics and probiotics would change the oral microbiome and mitochondrial health of ASD children. Buccal swabs and saliva samples were obtained from 30 autistic individuals (USA) at three intervals: prior to intervention, post-prebiotic, and post-probiotic. In addition, a subject component who were neurotypical, which included individuals from the USA (30) and Colombia (30), had buccal swabbing and salivary sampling performed for metatranscriptomic and mitochondrial comparison. Significant differences were observed in the temporal data, demonstrating shifts that interventions with probiotics and polyols may have precipitated. Particular bacterial strains were significantly more prevalent in the autism group, including a strain that reduced neurotransmitter levels via enzymatic degradation. This supports the hypothesis that the microbiome may influence the occurrence and degree of autism. Verbal skills increased in six of the 30 ASD subjects following xylitol and three more after probiotic supplementation, according to both parental reports and the subjects' healthcare providers.

据报道,自闭症发病率在工业化社会中迅速上升。自闭症的病理特征通常包括与语言和社交障碍相关的神经症状以及胃肠道症状。本研究旨在测量自闭症儿童与神经正常的美国和哥伦比亚("蓝区")儿童在口腔元转录组和线粒体健康方面的差异。此外,本研究还旨在确定使用益生菌和益生菌是否会改变 ASD 儿童的口腔微生物组和线粒体健康。研究人员从 30 名自闭症患者(美国)身上采集了颊拭子和唾液样本,采集时间分为三个阶段:干预前、益生元使用后和益生元使用后。此外,还对来自美国(30 人)和哥伦比亚(30 人)的神经正常的受试者进行了颊拭子和唾液采样,以进行元转录组学和线粒体比较。从时间数据中观察到了显著的差异,这表明使用益生菌和多元醇进行干预可能会引起转变。某些细菌菌株在自闭症组中明显更普遍,包括一种通过酶降解降低神经递质水平的菌株。这支持了微生物组可能影响自闭症的发生和程度的假设。根据家长和受试者的医疗保健提供者的报告,30 名自闭症受试者中有 6 人在服用木糖醇后言语能力有所提高,另外 3 人在补充益生菌后言语能力有所提高。
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引用次数: 0
A Practical Guide to Manual and Semi-Automated Neurosurgical Brain Lesion Segmentation. 手动和半自动神经外科脑损伤分割实用指南》。
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-08-02 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030021
Raunak Jain, Faith Lee, Nianhe Luo, Harpreet Hyare, Anand S Pandit

The purpose of the article is to provide a practical guide for manual and semi-automated image segmentation of common neurosurgical cranial lesions, namely meningioma, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), for neurosurgical trainees and researchers.

Materials and methods: The medical images used were sourced from the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Interventions Society (MICCAI) Multimodal Brain Tumour Segmentation Challenge (BRATS) image database and from the local Picture Archival and Communication System (PACS) record with consent. Image pre-processing was carried out using MRIcron software (v1.0.20190902). ITK-SNAP (v3.8.0) was used in this guideline due to its availability and powerful built-in segmentation tools, although others (Seg3D, Freesurfer and 3D Slicer) are available. Quality control was achieved by employing expert segmenters to review.

Results: A pipeline was developed to demonstrate the pre-processing and manual and semi-automated segmentation of patient images for each cranial lesion, accompanied by image guidance and video recordings. Three sample segmentations were generated to illustrate potential challenges. Advice and solutions were provided within both text and video.

Conclusions: Semi-automated segmentation methods enhance efficiency, increase reproducibility, and are suitable to be incorporated into future clinical practise. However, manual segmentation remains a highly effective technique in specific circumstances and provides initial training sets for the development of more advanced semi- and fully automated segmentation algorithms.

本文旨在为神经外科受训人员和研究人员提供常见神经外科颅脑病变(即脑膜瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)和蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH))的手动和半自动图像分割实用指南:所使用的医学影像来自医学影像计算和计算机辅助介入学会(MICCAI)的多模态脑肿瘤分割挑战赛(BRATS)图像数据库,以及当地图片存档和通信系统(PACS)的记录。使用 MRIcron 软件(v1.0.20190902)进行图像预处理。本指南使用 ITK-SNAP(v3.8.0),因其可用性和强大的内置分割工具,当然也可使用其他工具(Seg3D、Freesurfer 和 3D Slicer)。质量控制是通过聘请专家分割师进行审查来实现的:结果:我们开发了一个流水线来演示病人图像的预处理、手动和半自动分割,以及每个颅骨病变的图像引导和视频记录。生成了三个分割样本,以说明潜在的挑战。在文本和视频中提供了建议和解决方案:半自动分割方法提高了效率,增加了可重复性,适合纳入未来的临床实践。不过,在特定情况下,手动分割仍然是一种非常有效的技术,并为开发更先进的半自动和全自动分割算法提供了初始训练集。
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引用次数: 0
Will the Artificial Intelligence Touch Substitute for the Human Touch? 人工智能触摸会取代人类触摸吗?
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030020
Laura Clara Grandi, Stefania Bruni
Nowadays, artificial intelligence is used in many fields to diagnose and treat different diseases. Robots are also useful tools that substitute for human work. Despite robots being used also for touch therapy, can they substitute for the human touch? Human touch has a strong social component, and it is necessary for the correct development of newborns and the treatment of pathological situations. To substitute human touch, it is necessary to integrate robots with artificial intelligence as well as with sensors that mimic human skin. Today, the question remains without answer: Can human touch be substituted with AI in its social and affiliative components?
如今,人工智能在许多领域都被用于诊断和治疗不同的疾病。机器人也是替代人类工作的有用工具。尽管机器人也被用于触摸治疗,但它们能替代人类的触摸吗?人类的触摸具有很强的社会性,对于新生儿的正确发育和病理治疗都是必要的。要替代人类的触摸,就必须将机器人与人工智能以及模拟人类皮肤的传感器结合起来。如今,这个问题仍然没有答案:人工智能能否取代人类触摸的社交和附属功能?
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the Immediate Impact of Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment Training on Inter-Rater Reliability and Cerebral Palsy Prediction 揭示普雷希特尔综合运动评估训练对评分者间可靠性和脑瘫预测的直接影响
IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3390/neurosci5030019
Namarta Kapil, Bittu Majmudar-Sheth, A. Escapita, Tara Johnson
Prechtl’s General Movement Assessment (GMA) is a qualitative video assessment that is an early predictor of cerebral palsy (CP) in infants. GMA raters undergo two levels of training: basic and advanced. Using a retrospective study design, we evaluated the impact of the GMA training level on three key measures: inter-rater reliability (IRR), predictability for a later CP diagnosis, and generalizability for both medically trained and non-medically trained raters. As part of a larger study on former level-IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) infants, participants had a GMA video at 3–4 months of corrected age with parental consent. Four GMA raters with basic training interpreted the videos. Subsequently, two raters underwent advanced training and reinterpreted the videos. We evaluated IRR with Gwet’s AC1 coefficient, CP prediction with logistic regression, and generalizability with Gwet’s Linearization method and McNemar’s test. Following basic GMA training, all four raters had moderate to almost perfect agreement. The CP predictability of the raters’ individual GMA scores ranged from 73% to 81%. Advanced GMA training significantly improved IRR and enhanced CP predictability. GMA rater proficiency was similar regardless of medical training. Advanced GMA training improved readers’ capabilities to correctly identify abnormal movement patterns and aid in early CP diagnosis.
Prechtl 一般运动评估(GMA)是一种定性视频评估,是婴儿脑瘫(CP)的早期预测指标。GMA 评测人员需要接受两个级别的培训:基础培训和高级培训。我们采用回顾性研究设计,评估了 GMA 培训水平对三个关键指标的影响:评分者之间的可靠性 (IRR)、对日后 CP 诊断的预测性以及受过医学培训和未受过医学培训的评分者的可推广性。作为一项针对前四级新生儿重症监护室(NICU)婴儿的大型研究的一部分,在征得父母同意后,参与者在 3-4 个月大时观看了 GMA 视频。四名接受过基本培训的 GMA 评定员对视频进行解读。随后,两名评分员接受了高级培训并重新解读了视频。我们用 Gwet 的 AC1 系数评估了 IRR,用逻辑回归评估了 CP 预测,用 Gwet 的线性化方法和 McNemar 检验评估了普适性。经过基本的 GMA 培训后,所有四位评分员的评分都达到了中等水平,几乎完全一致。评分者个人 GMA 分数的 CP 预测性在 73% 到 81% 之间。高级 GMA 培训大大提高了 IRR,增强了 CP 可预测性。无论是否接受过医学培训,GMA 评分者的熟练程度都差不多。高级 GMA 培训提高了阅片员正确识别异常运动模式的能力,有助于早期 CP 诊断。
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