Low detection of H5N1 virus in commercial chickens with a low-level of vaccination coverage against H5N1 virus infection in Bangladesh.

IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES One health outlook Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1186/s42522-024-00119-3
Sukanta Chowdhury, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Rashedul Hasan, Mojnu Miah, Sajal Kanti Biswas, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Jenifar Quaiyum Ami, Akash Saha, Sumon Ghosh, Mahmudur Rahman, Fahmida Chowdhury, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman
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Abstract

Background: Bangladesh has reported > 560 H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and eight human cases since 2007. Commercial chicken farms were mostly affected. Commercial chicken farms across the country use imported vaccines against H5N1 virus; however, these vaccines did not use local circulatory isolates of H5N1virus. Vaccination may have limited effectiveness in chicken because of the mismatch in terms of subtypes and clades. To test this, we conducted a mixed-method study to assess the impact of ongoing vaccination against H5N1 virus on H5N1 viral shedding through freshly dropped feces of chickens raised in commercial farms that exclusively vaccinated or did not vaccinate their chickens.

Methods: Initially, we collected vaccination coverage data from all active farms in a subdistrict of each of eight division. In each district, 25 vaccinated and 25 non-vaccinated chicken farms were selected randomly for sample collection. All samples were tested to detect avian influenza viruses using rRT-PCR.

Results: A total of 5092 poultry farms were surveyed; among them 1284 (25%) chicken farms administered vaccine against H5N1 virus. In total 21 of 400 tested farms (5%) had chicken feces samples that tested positive for AIVs; of these three were positive for H5N1 subtype of clade 2.3.2.1. Out of three H5N1 positive farms, 1 (33%) was vaccinated and 2 (67%) were unvaccinated. The chicken farms that administered vaccine against H5N1 was found protective for the detection of H5N1 viral RNA (aOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.32-0.48). The H5N1 isolates of clade 2.3.2.1 sequenced in this study formed a cluster with the vaccine strain A/duck/Guangdong/S1322/2010 (H5N1) [Re-6].

Conclusions: The overall low vaccination coverage with low detection of H5N1 virus in commercial chickens makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine in reducing H5N1 viral shedding.

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孟加拉国商品鸡 H5N1 病毒检测率低,H5N1 病毒感染疫苗接种率低。
背景:自 2007 年以来,孟加拉国报告了 > 560 起禽类 H5N1 爆发疫情和 8 起人感染病例。受影响的主要是商业养鸡场。全国各地的商业养鸡场都使用进口的 H5N1 病毒疫苗,但这些疫苗并未使用本地循环分离的 H5N1 病毒。由于亚型和支系的不匹配,疫苗接种对鸡的效果可能有限。为了验证这一点,我们开展了一项混合方法研究,以评估正在进行的 H5N1 病毒疫苗接种对商业农场饲养的鸡新鲜粪便中 H5N1 病毒脱落的影响:最初,我们收集了八个分区中每个分区所有活跃农场的疫苗接种覆盖率数据。每个分区随机抽取 25 个已接种疫苗和 25 个未接种疫苗的鸡场进行样本采集。所有样本均通过 rRT-PCR 检测禽流感病毒:结果:共调查了 5092 个家禽养殖场,其中 1284 个(25%)养殖场接种了 H5N1 病毒疫苗。在 400 个接受检测的农场中,共有 21 个(5%)的鸡粪样本对禽流感病毒检测呈阳性,其中 3 个对 2.3.2.1 支系的 H5N1 亚型呈阳性。在 3 个对 H5N1 呈阳性的鸡场中,1 个(33%)已接种疫苗,2 个(67%)未接种疫苗。接种 H5N1 疫苗的鸡场对检测 H5N1 病毒 RNA 有保护作用(aOR 0.39,95% CI:0.32-0.48)。本研究中测序的 2.3.2.1 支系的 H5N1 病毒分离株与疫苗株 A/duck/Guangdong/S1322/2010 (H5N1)形成了一个群集[Re-6]:由于疫苗接种覆盖率总体较低,而商品鸡中 H5N1 病毒的检出率较低,因此很难评估疫苗在减少 H5N1 病毒脱落方面的效果。
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