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Combating antibiotic resistance in a one health context: a plethora of frontiers. 在一个健康环境中对抗抗生素耐药性:前沿领域繁多。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00115-7
Daniel Jesuwenu Ajose, Abimbola Olumide Adekanmbi, Nor Fadhilah Kamaruzzaman, Collins Njie Ateba, Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed

One of the most significant medical advancements of the 20th century was the discovery of antibiotics, which continue to play a vital tool in the treatment and prevention of diseases in humans and animals. However, the imprudent use of antibiotics in all fields of One-Health and concerns about antibiotic resistance among bacterial pathogens have raised interest in antibiotic use restrictions on a global scale. Despite the failure of conventional antimicrobial agents, only about 15 new antibiotics have been introduced clinically since year 2000 to date. Moreover, there has been reports of resistance to some of these new antibiotics. This has necessitated a need to search for alternative strategies to combat antimicrobial resistant pathogens. Thus, this review compiles and evaluates the approaches-natural compounds, phage treatment, and nanomaterials-that are being used and/or suggested as the potential substitutes for conventional antibiotics.

抗生素的发现是 20 世纪最重要的医学进步之一,它仍然是治疗和预防人类和动物疾病的重要工具。然而,"一体健康 "所有领域对抗生素的不当使用,以及对细菌病原体产生抗药性的担忧,在全球范围内引发了对抗生素使用限制的关注。尽管传统抗菌剂已经失效,但自 2000 年至今,临床上只引进了约 15 种新抗生素。此外,有报告称,一些新抗生素产生了抗药性。因此,有必要寻找其他策略来对付对抗生素产生抗药性的病原体。因此,本综述汇编并评估了天然化合物、噬菌体处理和纳米材料等正在使用和/或被建议作为传统抗生素潜在替代品的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Low detection of H5N1 virus in commercial chickens with a low-level of vaccination coverage against H5N1 virus infection in Bangladesh. 孟加拉国商品鸡 H5N1 病毒检测率低,H5N1 病毒感染疫苗接种率低。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00119-3
Sukanta Chowdhury, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Rashedul Hasan, Mojnu Miah, Sajal Kanti Biswas, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Probir Kumar Ghosh, Jenifar Quaiyum Ami, Akash Saha, Sumon Ghosh, Mahmudur Rahman, Fahmida Chowdhury, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman

Background: Bangladesh has reported > 560 H5N1 outbreaks in poultry and eight human cases since 2007. Commercial chicken farms were mostly affected. Commercial chicken farms across the country use imported vaccines against H5N1 virus; however, these vaccines did not use local circulatory isolates of H5N1virus. Vaccination may have limited effectiveness in chicken because of the mismatch in terms of subtypes and clades. To test this, we conducted a mixed-method study to assess the impact of ongoing vaccination against H5N1 virus on H5N1 viral shedding through freshly dropped feces of chickens raised in commercial farms that exclusively vaccinated or did not vaccinate their chickens.

Methods: Initially, we collected vaccination coverage data from all active farms in a subdistrict of each of eight division. In each district, 25 vaccinated and 25 non-vaccinated chicken farms were selected randomly for sample collection. All samples were tested to detect avian influenza viruses using rRT-PCR.

Results: A total of 5092 poultry farms were surveyed; among them 1284 (25%) chicken farms administered vaccine against H5N1 virus. In total 21 of 400 tested farms (5%) had chicken feces samples that tested positive for AIVs; of these three were positive for H5N1 subtype of clade 2.3.2.1. Out of three H5N1 positive farms, 1 (33%) was vaccinated and 2 (67%) were unvaccinated. The chicken farms that administered vaccine against H5N1 was found protective for the detection of H5N1 viral RNA (aOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.32-0.48). The H5N1 isolates of clade 2.3.2.1 sequenced in this study formed a cluster with the vaccine strain A/duck/Guangdong/S1322/2010 (H5N1) [Re-6].

Conclusions: The overall low vaccination coverage with low detection of H5N1 virus in commercial chickens makes it difficult to assess the effectiveness of the vaccine in reducing H5N1 viral shedding.

背景:自 2007 年以来,孟加拉国报告了 > 560 起禽类 H5N1 爆发疫情和 8 起人感染病例。受影响的主要是商业养鸡场。全国各地的商业养鸡场都使用进口的 H5N1 病毒疫苗,但这些疫苗并未使用本地循环分离的 H5N1 病毒。由于亚型和支系的不匹配,疫苗接种对鸡的效果可能有限。为了验证这一点,我们开展了一项混合方法研究,以评估正在进行的 H5N1 病毒疫苗接种对商业农场饲养的鸡新鲜粪便中 H5N1 病毒脱落的影响:最初,我们收集了八个分区中每个分区所有活跃农场的疫苗接种覆盖率数据。每个分区随机抽取 25 个已接种疫苗和 25 个未接种疫苗的鸡场进行样本采集。所有样本均通过 rRT-PCR 检测禽流感病毒:结果:共调查了 5092 个家禽养殖场,其中 1284 个(25%)养殖场接种了 H5N1 病毒疫苗。在 400 个接受检测的农场中,共有 21 个(5%)的鸡粪样本对禽流感病毒检测呈阳性,其中 3 个对 2.3.2.1 支系的 H5N1 亚型呈阳性。在 3 个对 H5N1 呈阳性的鸡场中,1 个(33%)已接种疫苗,2 个(67%)未接种疫苗。接种 H5N1 疫苗的鸡场对检测 H5N1 病毒 RNA 有保护作用(aOR 0.39,95% CI:0.32-0.48)。本研究中测序的 2.3.2.1 支系的 H5N1 病毒分离株与疫苗株 A/duck/Guangdong/S1322/2010 (H5N1)形成了一个群集[Re-6]:由于疫苗接种覆盖率总体较低,而商品鸡中 H5N1 病毒的检出率较低,因此很难评估疫苗在减少 H5N1 病毒脱落方面的效果。
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引用次数: 0
One Health prevention and preparedness to vector-borne diseases: how should we deal with a multisectoral, multilevel and multigroup governance? 一个健康 预防和防备病媒传染的疾病:我们应如何应对多部门、多层次和多群体的治理?
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00114-8
Claudia Robbiati, Alessia Milano, Silvia Declich, Maria Grazia Dente

Introduction: Multifactorial determinants of vector presence, distribution and ability of transmitting diseases, demand holistic approaches that consider eco-biosocial factors, such as One Health (OH), and engage institutions and communities to reduce vulnerability to vector-borne diseases (VBDs). Although the importance of multisectoral, multilevel and multigroup collaboration for prevention and preparedness to VBDs has been promoted by international guidance, evidence about practical experiences adopting a OH approach needs to be gathered and enabling factors for a successful governance highlighted.

Methods: This study included a rapid literature review coupled with a stakeholder consultation process.

Results: The peer-reviewed literature search identified 1674 articles and 13 articles were finally included in the review. The collaboration and coordination of different sectors and stakeholders allowed to focus resources, and share knowledge and perspectives. To support coordination and collaboration among the stakeholders synergistic interaction mechanisms were created, such as working groups and committees, and connection agents emerged as the main link between institution and communities. These synergies allowed to target the multidimensional drivers of VBDs, supported transversal capacity building and an holistic monitoring evaluation framework, and improved effectiveness and sustainability of the interventions.

Conclusion: A OH model highlighting enabling factors for multisectoral, multilevel and multigroup interventions for VBDs prevention and preparedness was developed to support decision-makers and key stakeholders to deal with a OH governance.

导言:病媒的存在、分布和传播疾病的能力是由多种因素决定的,这就要求采取综合方法,考虑生态-生物-社会因素,如 "同一健康"(OH),并让机构和社区参与进来,以降低易受病媒传播疾病(VBDs)影响的程度。尽管多部门、多层次和多群体合作对于预防和防备病媒生物传播疾病的重要性已得到国际指导意见的倡导,但仍需收集有关采用 "一体健康 "方法的实际经验的证据,并强调成功治理的有利因素:本研究包括快速文献综述和利益相关者咨询过程:结果:经同行评审的文献检索发现了 1674 篇文章,最终有 13 篇文章被纳入审查范围。不同部门和利益相关者之间的合作与协调有助于集中资源、共享知识和观点。为支持利益相关者之间的协调与合作,建立了协同互动机制,如工作组和委员会,并建立了连接机构,作为机构与社区之间的主要纽带。这些协同作用有助于针对脆弱性和生物多样性的多维驱动因素,支持横向能力建设和整体监测评估框架,并提高干预措施的有效性和可持续性:为支持决策者和主要利益相关者应对 OH 治理,开发了一个 OH 模型,该模型强调了多部门、多层次和多群体干预措施的有利因素,以预防和防备脆弱性和生物多样性。
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引用次数: 0
Launching Austria's One Health network: paving the way for transdisciplinary collaborations. 启动奥地利 "一个健康 "网络:为跨学科合作铺平道路。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00116-6
Amélie Desvars-Larrive, Pamela Burger, Johannes Lorenz Khol, Annika Posautz, Eva Schernhammer, Ruth Kutalek, Gavrila Amadea Puspitarani, Lia Schlippe Justicia, David Niklas Springer, Damien Ernst, Cynthia Sohm, Anna Pontel de Almeida, Hermann Schobesberger, Sascha Knauf, Chris Walzer

In the post-COVID-19 era, stakeholders, including policymakers, funders, and the public, are increasingly seeking for a cross-sectoral systems-based approach to health risks extending beyond conventional measures. Anchored on three health pillars -human, animal, and environmental- One Health offers a promising framework to effectively address this demand. While some nations have already implemented national One Health strategic plans, European countries, in general, are lagging behind the global agenda. On 22 February 2024, an initiative was launched in Austria toward addressing this gap, bringing together multiple sectors and disciplines, marking the initial step in creating a national One Health network. The workshop emphasized the importance of enhancing One Health education and addressed key topics, such as incorporating the environmental pillar of One Health as well as socio-economic and cultural drivers to further our understanding of outbreaks, and establishing trusted communication channels, including data sharing, between disciplines and sectors. Identified challenges encompassed the need for more funding of transdisciplinary research. Opportunities for advancement include initiating local One Health projects and showcasing their positive impacts. Moving forward, efforts will focus on establishing a mature and globally connected One Health framework in Austria and supporting the integration of One Health aspects into education curricula, research programs, and policies.

在后 COVID-19 时代,包括政策制定者、资助者和公众在内的利益相关者越来越多地寻求以跨部门系统为基础的方法来应对健康风险,并将其扩展到传统措施之外。一体健康 "以人类、动物和环境三大健康支柱为基础,为有效满足这一需求提供了一个前景广阔的框架。虽然一些国家已经实施了国家 "同一健康 "战略计划,但欧洲国家总体上落后于全球议程。2024 年 2 月 22 日,奥地利发起了一项倡议,旨在消除这一差距,将多个部门和学科联合起来,标志着创建国家 "一个健康 "网络的第一步。研讨会强调了加强 "一个健康 "教育的重要性,并讨论了一些关键议题,如纳入 "一个健康 "的环境支柱以及社会经济和文化驱动因素,以进一步加深我们对疫情爆发的理解,并在学科和部门之间建立可信的沟通渠道,包括数据共享。已确定的挑战包括需要为跨学科研究提供更多资金。前进的机遇包括启动地方 "一体健康 "项目并展示其积极影响。展望未来,工作重点将是在奥地利建立一个成熟的、与全球相连的 "一体健康 "框架,并支持将 "一体健康 "的各个方面纳入教育课程、研究计划和政策。
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引用次数: 0
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Thailand: using a one health approach to respond to novel zoonosis and its implications in clinical practice. 泰国严重发热伴血小板减少综合征 (SFTS):采用统一健康方法应对新型人畜共患病及其对临床实践的影响。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00112-w
Chalo Sansilapin, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Curtis S Hoffmann, Chanatip Chailek, Paisin Lekcharoen, Nattakarn Thippamom, Sininat Petcharat, Piyanan Taweethavonsawat, Supaporn Wacharapluesadee, Rome Buathong, Takeshi Kurosu, Tomoki Yoshikawa, Masayuki Shimojima, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Opass Putcharoen

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a tick-borne disease caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV) is an emerging infectious disease of substantial concern in East Asia. In 2019, Ongkittikul S et al. reported the first case of SFTS in Thailand. Our report describes a One Health investigation of SFTS zoonosis examining the index case and suspected animal reservoirs using real-time RT-PCR and immunoassays. We add to the report on the first confirmed case of SFTSV infection in a human in Thailand by conducting a limited but informative One Health surveillance study. Dogs and cats tested positive for SFTSV antibody using IgG ELISA. We conclude that domestic dogs and cats might serve as potential reservoirs for SFTSV spread due to their closer proximity to the index case than other non-domestic animals. Notably, we did not detect SFTSV in synanthropic cats or dogs-nor did we detect SFTSV in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks-using RT-PCR. We propose that One Health investigations coupling genomic and serologic assays in response to new SFTS cases could play a pivotal role in preventing and managing SFTS among humans and animals in East Asia. As such, we are establishing a collaborative response to SFTS in Thailand through human outbreak investigations that align with principles of One Health, through environmental surveys and animal RT-PCR and immunoassays. Our investigation highlights the importance of coupling RT-PCR with seroprevalence assays as principal elements of One Health surveillance for SFTS in order to shed light on potential animal reservoirs and track emerging zoonosis.

严重发热伴血小板减少综合征(SFTS)是由达比带状疱疹病毒(SFTSV)引起的一种蜱媒疾病,是东亚地区备受关注的一种新发传染病。2019 年,Ongkittikul S 等人报告了泰国首例 SFTS 病例。我们的报告描述了对 SFTS 人畜共患病的 "同一健康 "调查,使用实时 RT-PCR 和免疫测定检查了病例和疑似动物库。我们对泰国首例人感染 SFTSV 确诊病例的报告进行了补充,开展了一项有限但内容丰富的 "同一健康 "监测研究。使用 IgG ELISA 方法检测狗和猫的 SFTSV 抗体呈阳性。我们的结论是,与其他非家养动物相比,家养狗和猫与确诊病例的距离更近,因此可能成为 SFTSV 传播的潜在贮源。值得注意的是,通过 RT-PCR 技术,我们没有在同类的猫或狗体内检测到 SFTSV,也没有在 Rhipicephalus sanguineus 蜱体内检测到 SFTSV。我们建议,针对新的SFTS病例开展基因组学和血清学检测相结合的 "一体健康 "调查,可在预防和管理东亚人类和动物中的SFTS方面发挥关键作用。因此,我们正在泰国开展符合 "一体健康 "原则的人类疫情调查,通过环境调查和动物 RT-PCR 与免疫测定,建立起针对 SFTS 的合作应对措施。我们的调查凸显了将 RT-PCR 与血清流行率检测相结合作为 "一体健康 "监测 SFTS 的主要要素的重要性,从而揭示潜在的动物贮藏库并追踪新出现的人畜共患疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Outcomes from a Zoonotic Disease Prioritization workshop using One Health approach in Mozambique, 2018 to 2023. 2018 年至 2023 年莫桑比克采用 "一个健康 "方法确定人畜共患病优先次序研讨会的成果。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00113-9
Inocêncio Chongo, Almiro Tivane, Vanessa Monteiro, Osvaldo Inlamea, Plácida Maholela, Ilda Nhanombe, Saquibibi Ibraimo, John Oludele, Argentina Muianga, Virgílio António, Sádia Ali, Aline Gatambire, Grace Goryoka, Nadia Oussayef, Nick Schaad, Kate Varela, Fernando Rodrigues, Lourenço Mapaco, Sara Achá, Américo Conceição, Eduardo Samo Gudo

Introduction: Around 75% of (re)emerging infections are of zoonotic origins. The risk of zoonotic transmission in Mozambique is high because approximately 81% of the country's labor force is involved with agriculture, which represents a vulnerability for more frequent human-animal interaction and risk of spillover events. A One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) workshop was conducted in Mozambique to facilitate coordination and collaboration within and across sectors to prevent, detect, and respond to zoonotic disease threats. Based on the success of this integrated workshop, the stakeholders developed actions whose results have a great impact on animal welfare, environment and improving public health.

Methods: In 2018, representatives from Mozambique's human, animal, and environmental sectors from government, universities, research institutions and partners used US CDC's OHZDP Process to prioritize endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of greatest national concern and develop recommendations and key interventions needed to advance One Health in Mozambique. After the OHZDP workshop, the Mozambique One Health Secretariat used a theory of change methodology to identify activities for implementation from the recommendations of the OHZDP workshop. Since the OHZDP workshop, the Secretariat has monitored progress of activities annually.

Results: Mozambique's priority zoonotic diseases are rabies, zoonotic tuberculosis, salmonellosis, zoonotic avian influenza, trypanosomiasis, brucellosis, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. One Health recommendations and interventions to address the priority zoonotic diseases focused on One Health collaboration, communication, and coordination; laboratory; surveillance; preparedness and response; prevention; workforce development; and research. After the OHZDP workshop, Mozambique established One Health coordination mechanisms, developed training courses for surveillance, laboratory diagnosis, outbreak investigation, and preparedness and response for the priority zoonotic diseases, conducted joint research, and developed plans.

Conclusion: Prioritization of zoonotic diseases is critical as it facilitated the key One Health players in Mozambique to optimize resources, gain a greater understanding of zoonotic diseases, and implement policies and activities that promote multisectoral, interdisciplinary, and transdisciplinary collaboration across human, animal, and environmental sectors to prevent, detect, and respond to public health threats. The success of these activities implemented by the local Government and One Health partners were built from the implementation and momentum from the Mozambique's OHZDP workshop.

导言:约 75% 的(新)感染源于人畜共患病。在莫桑比克,人畜共患病传播的风险很高,因为该国约 81% 的劳动力从事农业生产,这意味着人与动物之间的互动更加频繁,也更容易发生外溢事件。在莫桑比克举办了 "同一健康 "人畜共患病优先排序(OHZDP)研讨会,以促进部门内部和部门之间的协调与合作,预防、检测和应对人畜共患病的威胁。在此次综合研讨会取得成功的基础上,利益相关方制定了行动,其结果对动物福利、环境和改善公共卫生产生了重大影响:2018 年,来自莫桑比克政府、大学、研究机构和合作伙伴的人类、动物和环境部门的代表利用美国疾病预防控制中心的 OHZDP 流程,确定了国家最关注的地方病和新出现的人畜共患病的优先次序,并制定了在莫桑比克推进 "一个健康 "所需的建议和关键干预措施。在 OHZDP 研讨会之后,莫桑比克 "一个健康 "秘书处采用变革理论方法,根据 OHZDP 研讨会的建议确定了实施活动。自 OHZDP 研讨会以来,秘书处每年都对活动的进展情况进行监测:莫桑比克的重点人畜共患病是狂犬病、人畜共患结核病、沙门氏菌病、人畜共患禽流感、锥虫病、布鲁氏菌病和克里米亚-刚果出血热。应对重点人畜共患病的 "一个健康 "建议和干预措施侧重于 "一个健康 "合作、沟通和协调;实验室;监测;准备和响应;预防;劳动力发展和研究。在 OHZDP 研讨会之后,莫桑比克建立了 "一个卫生 "协调机制,针对重点人畜共患病开发了监测、实验室诊断、疫情调查、准备和应对培训课程,开展了联合研究,并制定了计划:确定人畜共患病的优先次序至关重要,因为这有助于莫桑比克的主要 "一体健康 "参与者优化资源,加深对人畜共患病的了解,并实施促进跨部门、跨学科和跨人类、动物和环境部门合作的政策和活动,以预防、检测和应对公共卫生威胁。当地政府和 "一个健康 "合作伙伴所实施的这些活动的成功是建立在莫桑比克 OHZDP 研讨会的实施和势头之上的。
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引用次数: 0
Holistic application of the one health approach in the prevention and control of rabies: plausible steps towards achieving the 2030 vision in Africa. 在预防和控制狂犬病中全面应用 "统一保健方法":在非洲实现 2030 年愿景的可行步骤。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00108-6
Olalekan Chris Akinsulie, Oluwawemimo Oluseun Adebowale, Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola, Olamilekan Gabriel Banwo, Ibrahim Idris, Seto Charles Ogunleye, Oluwole Fasakin, Adetolase Bakre, Ifeoluwa Peace Oladapo, Victor Ayodele Aliyu, Emily Onesai Waniwa, Oluwatobi Fasiku, Melina Joshi, Mercy Olorunshola

Rabies remains a significant public health challenge in Africa, primarily burdening impoverished rural communities, with children and young adults being the most vulnerable. Achieving complete elimination in the continent by 2030 requires a coordinated effort hinged on the One Health concept, external support from international organizations like the World Health Organization (WHO) and the national governments of endemic countries. Here, we reviewed the various socio-economic and ecological factors influencing the spatial distribution and molecular epidemiology of the disease. To mitigate the transmission of rabies on a global scale, and specifically in Africa, we proposed a multi-pronged approach including enhanced access to healthcare resources, cultural sensitization and massive health promotion with efforts geared towards promoting responsible dog and pet ownership and population management, effective monitoring, and mitigation of environmental changes.

狂犬病仍然是非洲公共卫生面临的一项重大挑战,主要给贫困的农村社区造成负担,其中儿童和青壮年最容易受到感染。要在 2030 年之前彻底消除非洲大陆上的狂犬病,需要在 "一个健康 "理念、世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际组织的外部支持以及狂犬病流行国家政府的协调努力下才能实现。在此,我们回顾了影响狂犬病空间分布和分子流行病学的各种社会经济和生态因素。为了在全球范围内,特别是在非洲减少狂犬病的传播,我们提出了一种多管齐下的方法,包括加强医疗保健资源的获取、文化宣传和大规模健康推广,同时努力促进负责任的养狗和宠物行为以及人口管理、有效监测和减少环境变化。
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引用次数: 0
How do food safety technical working groups within a One Health framework work? Experiences from Vietnam and Ethiopia. 一个健康 "框架内的食品安全技术工作组如何开展工作?越南和埃塞俄比亚的经验。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00110-y
Steven Lâm, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Meseret Bekele, Kebede Amenu, Silvia Alonso, Fred Unger, Hung Nguyen-Viet

Background: Persistent challenges of fragmented, food safety management in low- and middle-income countries underscore the need for more robustly coordinated mechanisms. National food safety technical working groups, operating under a One Health framework, offer potential in streamlining coordination efforts to effectively address these challenges. However, more clarity regarding their formation and functioning is important for understanding how to best establish and support such groups. The aim of this study is to systematically document the development process of established groups in Vietnam and Ethiopia.

Methods: We assess the process used to establish and support the technical working groups against six critical success factors for multisectoral collaboration: drive change, define, design, realise, relate, and capture success. To do so, we review meeting minutes, Terms of Reference, and other related publications.

Results: The analysis underscores the importance of financial and technical support by development partners in initiating working groups while also highlighting the challenge posed by the absence of legal frameworks to secure government commitment. Embedding the technical working groups within existing government structures - such as One Health platforms - from the outset could help to ensure the active participation and sustainability of such groups.

Conclusion: Both Vietnam and Ethiopia have established operational and institutionalized technical working groups to bolster national food safety efforts under a One Health framework. The approaches employed in these countries could serve as valuable models for others seeking to establish comparable multisectoral collaborative mechanisms to address emerging health risks.

背景:在中低收入国家,食品安全管理长期存在各自为政的问题,这突出表明需要建立更有力的协调机制。在 "一个健康 "框架下运作的国家食品安全技术工作组有可能简化协调工作,有效应对这些挑战。然而,要了解如何以最佳方式建立和支持此类工作组,就必须进一步明确工作组的组建和运作。本研究旨在系统地记录在越南和埃塞俄比亚建立的小组的发展过程:方法:我们根据多部门合作的六个关键成功因素,即推动变革、定义、设计、实现、联系和获取成功,来评估建立和支持技术工作组的过程。为此,我们查阅了会议记录、职权范围和其他相关出版物:结果:分析强调了发展伙伴在启动工作组方面提供资金和技术支持的重要性,同时也突 出了缺乏确保政府承诺的法律框架所带来的挑战。从一开始就将技术工作组纳入现有的政府机构--如 "一个健康 "平台--有助于确保这些工作组的积极参与和可持续性:结论:越南和埃塞俄比亚都建立了业务化和制度化的技术工作组,在 "一个健康 "框架下加强国家食品安全工作。这些国家所采用的方法可以作为其他国家寻求建立类似的多部门合作机制以应对新出现的健康风险的宝贵典范。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infection in urban and peri-urban wildlife species from Catalonia (Spain). 监测加泰罗尼亚(西班牙)城市和城市周边野生动物的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00109-5
Leira Fernández-Bastit, Tomás Montalvo, Sandra Franco, Laura Barahona, Manel López-Bejar, Annais Carbajal, Encarna Casas-Díaz, Francesc Closa-Sebastià, Joaquim Segalés, Júlia Vergara-Alert

Background: Human activities including deforestation, urbanization, and wildlife exploitation increase the risk of transmission of zoonotic diseases. Urban and peri-urban wildlife species often flourish in human-altered environments, with their survival and behavior heavily influenced by human-generated food and waste. In Catalonia, Spain, and other Mediterranean regions, species of rodents, including the house mouse (Mus musculus), black rat (Rattus rattus), Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), as well as wild boar (Sus scrofa) are common in urban and peri-urban areas. These species host numerous infectious agents, including coronaviruses (CoVs), posing potential human health risks. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolved to infect previously non-susceptible species, with variants capable of infecting rodents, emphasizing their importance in surveillance studies.

Methods: The present study assessed SARS-CoV-2 presence and/or exposure in 232 rodents, 313 wild boar, and 37 Vietnamese Pot-bellied pigs in Catalonia during the pandemic period (2020-2023).

Results: All the animals tested for acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (232 rodents and 29 wild boar) were negative. For SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 3 out of 313 (0.96%) wild boar tested positive by ELISA, while the remaining 32 rodents, 310 wild boar, and 37 Vietnamese Pot-bellied pigs were all negative. Cross-reactivity with other CoVs was predicted for ELISA-positive samples, as the 3 wild boar tested negative by the virus neutralization assay, considered as the gold standard technique.

Conclusions: The absence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure or acute infection in wild boar and rodent species supports their negligible role in viral spread or transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia. However, their proximity to humans and the ongoing genetic evolution of SARS-CoV-2 underline the need for continued monitoring. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in animal species can contribute to design measures to control the emergence of new animal reservoirs or intermediate hosts that could facilitate viral spillover events.

背景:砍伐森林、城市化和野生动物开发等人类活动增加了人畜共患病的传播风险。城市和城郊野生动物物种通常在人类改变的环境中繁衍生息,它们的生存和行为受到人类产生的食物和废物的严重影响。在西班牙加泰罗尼亚和其他地中海地区,啮齿动物物种,包括家鼠(Mus musculus)、黑鼠(Rattus rattus)、挪威鼠(Rattus norvegicus)以及野猪(Sus scrofa)在城市和城市周边地区很常见。这些物种寄生着包括冠状病毒(CoVs)在内的多种传染性病原体,对人类健康构成潜在风险。在 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行期间,严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)发生了进化,能够感染以前不易感染的物种,其变种能够感染啮齿动物,这突出了它们在监测研究中的重要性:本研究评估了大流行期间(2020-2023 年)加泰罗尼亚 232 只啮齿动物、313 头野猪和 37 头越南肚皮猪是否感染和/或接触过 SARS-CoV-2:所有接受 SARS-CoV-2 急性感染检测的动物(232 只啮齿动物和 29 只野猪)均呈阴性。在接触 SARS-CoV-2 的 313 头野猪中,有 3 头(0.96%)经 ELISA 检测呈阳性,其余 32 头啮齿动物、310 头野猪和 37 头越南猪均呈阴性。ELISA检测呈阳性的样本可能与其他CoV存在交叉反应,因为3头野猪的病毒中和检测呈阴性,而病毒中和检测被认为是金标准技术:在加泰罗尼亚 COVID-19 大流行期间,野猪和啮齿类动物没有接触到 SARS-CoV-2 或受到急性感染,这证明它们在病毒传播中的作用微乎其微。然而,由于野猪和啮齿类动物与人类距离较近,而且 SARS-CoV-2 的基因正在不断进化,因此有必要对其进行持续监测。监测动物物种中的 SARS-CoV-2 感染情况有助于制定措施,控制新的动物贮藏库或中间宿主的出现,因为它们可能会助长病毒外溢事件。
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引用次数: 0
One health: a structured review and commentary on trends and themes. 一个健康:对趋势和主题的结构性审查和评论。
IF 3.8 Q2 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1186/s42522-024-00111-x
Helen Louise Brown, Isabella Grace Pursley, Daniel L Horton, Roberto M La Ragione

Background: One Health (OH) is defined as a unifying approach aiming to sustainably balance and optimise the health of people, animals and the ecosystem. It recognises that the health of humans, animals (both domestic and wild), plants and the wider ecosystem are both interdependent and linked. As a concept, it aims to address complex problems requiring input from multiple disciplines. Suitable issues for OH approaches typically include global issues which can widely impact not only the health of humans and animals, but also have a significant environmental impact. Examples include emerging zoonotic diseases and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Interpretations and use of the term OH differ in the literature and have the potential to dilute its impact. The meaning of OH among the research community has evolved over time. Here, we collate the OH relevant literature from the last two decades, identifying major themes and trends and considering how OH has been embraced differently across various geographical regions.

Methods and results: Bibliographic databases were searched using the term "One Health" AND ("Veterinary" OR "Animal") AND ("Medicine" OR "Human") AND ("Environment" OR "Ecosystem") during the period between 1980 and 2022. Data analysis and narrative synthesis identified themes, similarities, and differences within literature. Web of Science and PubMed returned 948 and 1250 results for the period mentioned above. The predominant literature focused on human health, with veterinary health second, although often to benefit human health. It was found that OH is often utilised as a public health approach, generally towards the end of disease surveillance and control. Interestingly, while authors from low- and middle-income countries were well-represented within studies using the term OH, they were less well-represented as corresponding authors.

Conclusions: The predominant focus of the literature was on human and veterinary health, implying OH approach is human-orientated, despite its suggestion that all domains share a common 'health'. Potential improvement to OH could be achieved through greater incorporation of the environmental and social sciences for a more encompassing approach.

背景:统一健康(OH)被定义为一种统一的方法,旨在可持续地平衡和优化人类、动物和生态系统的健康。它认为人类、动物(包括家养动物和野生动物)、植物和更广泛的生态系统的健康是相互依存和相互联系的。作为一个概念,它旨在解决需要多学科投入的复杂问题。适合采用 OH 方法的问题通常包括全球性问题,这些问题不仅会广泛影响人类和动物的健康,还会对环境产生重大影响。例如,新出现的人畜共患疾病和抗菌素耐药性(AMR)。文献中对 OH 一词的解释和使用各不相同,有可能会削弱其影响。随着时间的推移,研究界对 OH 的含义也在不断演变。在此,我们整理了过去二十年中与 OH 相关的文献,确定了主要的主题和趋势,并考虑了不同地理区域对 OH 的不同理解:使用术语 "一体健康 "和("兽医 "或 "动物")和("医学 "或 "人类")和("环境 "或 "生态系统")检索了 1980 年至 2022 年期间的文献数据库。数据分析和叙事综合确定了文献中的主题、相似性和差异性。Web of Science 和 PubMed 在上述期间分别检索到 948 和 1250 条结果。主要文献集中在人类健康方面,其次是兽医健康,但通常是为了人类健康。研究发现,OH 通常被用作一种公共卫生方法,一般用于疾病监测和控制的末端。有趣的是,在使用 OH 一词的研究中,来自中低收入国家的作者所占比例较高,但他们作为通讯作者的比例较低:结论:文献的主要重点是人类和兽医的健康,这意味着 OH 方法是以人为本的,尽管它认为所有领域都有一个共同的 "健康"。通过更多地纳入环境科学和社会科学,使 OH 方法更加全面,可对 OH 方法进行潜在的改进。
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引用次数: 0
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One health outlook
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