Jian Yang , Xingye An , Lingyu Yin , Bin Lu , Xiaofeng Lyu , Zhengbai Cheng , Gangyuan Pan , Hongbin Liu , Yonghao Ni
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The design and fabrication of customized and sustainable elastomers with supramolecular frameworks remain a central focus of scientific research. 3D printing represents an advanced manufacturing technology that has garnered significant attention. Lignin, a naturally abundant polymer, fits well with 3D printing due to its unique aromatic-rich structures that can provide rigidity and structural support. However, challenges persist in developing UV-curable lignin-based inks and fabricating high-strength lignin-based composite hydrogels with tailored shapes and structures through vat photopolymerization (VPP) printing techniques, largely due to lignin’s inherent heterogeneity, fragility, and poor fluidity. Here, we successfully developed a unique lignin-based photosensitive macromonomer resin tailored for VPP 3D printing. Using an ethanol/water fractionation process, heterogeneous lignosulfonate (LS), a by-product of the pulp and paper industry, was treated to isolate highly reactive lignin fractions rich in phenolic hydroxyl and sulfonic groups. These fractions were then chemically modified to synthesize a lignin-based macromonomer known as urethane acrylated lignosulfonate (UALS). The resulting lignin-based macromonomer (15–35 wt%) exhibits excellent compatibility with photosensitive resin formulations, enabling effective VPP 3D printing. The 3D-printed lignin-based supramolecular composite hydrogels exhibit high strength (tensile strength of ∼2.12 MPa, an elongation at break of ∼220.13 %), high resolution, fatigue resistance (up to 10000 cycles), and moisture-induced responsive behavior. The development of 3D-printed lignin-based supramolecular elastomers with defined shapes and patterned structures significantly advances the discovery of robust and environmentally sustainable soft materials with potential applications in soft robotics and tissue engineering.
设计和制造具有超分子框架的定制和可持续弹性体仍然是科学研究的核心重点。三维打印技术是备受关注的先进制造技术。木质素是一种天然丰富的聚合物,其独特的富芳香结构可提供刚性和结构支撑,因此非常适合 3D 打印。然而,主要由于木质素固有的异质性、易碎性和流动性差,在开发紫外线固化木质素基油墨和通过大桶光聚合(VPP)打印技术制造具有定制形状和结构的高强度木质素基复合水凝胶方面仍然存在挑战。在此,我们成功开发了一种独特的木质素基光敏大单体树脂,可用于 VPP 3D 打印。利用乙醇/水分馏工艺,对纸浆和造纸工业的副产品异质木质素磺酸盐(LS)进行处理,分离出富含酚羟基和磺酸基的高活性木质素馏分。然后对这些馏分进行化学改性,合成出一种称为聚氨酯丙烯酸木质素磺酸盐(UALS)的木质素基大单体。由此产生的木质素基大单体(15-35 wt%)与光敏树脂配方具有良好的兼容性,可实现有效的 VPP 3D 打印。三维打印的木质素基超分子复合水凝胶具有高强度(拉伸强度为2.12兆帕,断裂伸长率为220.13%)、高分辨率、抗疲劳性(高达10000次循环)和湿气诱导响应行为。具有确定形状和图案结构的三维打印木质素基超分子弹性体的开发,极大地推动了坚固耐用、环境可持续的软材料的发现,有望应用于软机器人和组织工程领域。
期刊介绍:
Additive Manufacturing stands as a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to delivering high-quality research papers and reviews in the field of additive manufacturing, serving both academia and industry leaders. The journal's objective is to recognize the innovative essence of additive manufacturing and its diverse applications, providing a comprehensive overview of current developments and future prospects.
The transformative potential of additive manufacturing technologies in product design and manufacturing is poised to disrupt traditional approaches. In response to this paradigm shift, a distinctive and comprehensive publication outlet was essential. Additive Manufacturing fulfills this need, offering a platform for engineers, materials scientists, and practitioners across academia and various industries to document and share innovations in these evolving technologies.