A Functional Assessment of Community Vulnerability to the Loss of Myrtaceae From Myrtle Rust

IF 4.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Diversity and Distributions Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI:10.1111/ddi.13928
James K. McCarthy, Sarah J. Richardson, Insu Jo, Susan K. Wiser, Tomás A. Easdale, James D. Shepherd, Peter J. Bellingham
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Abstract

Aim

Woody ecosystems provide critical ecosystem functions and services but are increasingly threatened as invasive pathogens spread globally. Myrtle rust, caused by Austropuccinia psidii, arrived in New Zealand in 2017 and infects at least 12 of 18 species in the susceptible Myrtaceae plant family. Among these are species of structural, successional and cultural importance. We aim to assess whether the functional consequences of Myrtaceae loss could be mitigated if co-occurring species with shared functional attributes are able to replace them.

Location

New Zealand (but with concepts and methodologies that apply globally).

Methods

Using a nationwide forest and shrubland plot data set, we assessed community vulnerability to the loss of Myrtaceae species by analysing proportional changes in average trait values when they are absent and produced spatial predictions indicating where species loss might have the greatest impact on community functionality. We then assessed whether compensatory infilling by co-occurring species would mediate community vulnerability.

Results

Forests and shrublands containing Kunzea ericoides and Leptospermum scoparium are highly vulnerable to their loss. Areas most vulnerable overall are the central and south-eastern North Island, north-eastern South Island and Stewart Island. For all species, compensatory infilling moderated the impact of their loss. However, if co-occurring Myrtaceae were unable to respond, possibly if they were also infected, community vulnerability almost always increased because infilling species had different functional attributes, compounding the functional impact.

Main Conclusions

Early successional woody plant communities and Myrtaceae-dominated old-growth forests are at most risk. Our spatial assessment of species-level functional impacts from myrtle rust will facilitate better-informed landscape-level responses. Management actions and monitoring can now be targeted to areas and communities at greatest risk of losing ecosystem-level processes.

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桃金娘锈病造成桃金娘科植物损失的群落脆弱性功能评估
目的 林木生态系统提供了重要的生态系统功能和服务,但随着入侵病原体在全球范围内蔓延,林木生态系统正日益受到威胁。由Austropuccinia psidii引起的桃金娘锈病于2017年传入新西兰,感染了易感桃金娘科植物18个物种中的至少12个。其中包括具有结构、演替和文化重要性的物种。我们旨在评估,如果具有共同功能属性的共生物种能够取代桃金娘科植物,是否可以减轻其消失所带来的功能性后果。 地点 新西兰(但概念和方法适用于全球)。 方法 我们利用全国范围内的森林和灌木地小区数据集,通过分析桃金娘科物种消失时平均性状值的比例变化,评估群落对桃金娘科物种消失的脆弱性,并得出空间预测结果,指出物种消失可能对群落功能产生最大影响的地方。然后,我们评估了共生物种的补偿性填充是否会调节群落的脆弱性。 结果 含有 Kunzea ericoides 和 Leptospermum scoparium 的森林和灌木林极易受到物种消失的影响。北岛中部和东南部、南岛东北部以及斯图尔特岛是最脆弱的地区。对所有物种而言,补偿性填充都能减缓其消失的影响。然而,如果共生的桃金娘科植物无法做出反应,可能是因为它们也受到了感染,群落的脆弱性几乎总是会增加,因为填充物种具有不同的功能属性,从而加剧了功能影响。 主要结论 早期演替木本植物群落和桃金娘科为主的古老森林面临的风险最大。我们对桃金娘锈病在物种层面上的功能影响进行的空间评估将有助于在景观层面上采取更明智的应对措施。现在,管理行动和监测工作可以有针对性地针对最有可能丧失生态系统级过程的地区和群落。
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来源期刊
Diversity and Distributions
Diversity and Distributions 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
8.90
自引率
4.30%
发文量
195
审稿时长
8-16 weeks
期刊介绍: Diversity and Distributions is a journal of conservation biogeography. We publish papers that deal with the application of biogeographical principles, theories, and analyses (being those concerned with the distributional dynamics of taxa and assemblages) to problems concerning the conservation of biodiversity. We no longer consider papers the sole aim of which is to describe or analyze patterns of biodiversity or to elucidate processes that generate biodiversity.
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