Methanogens and what they tell us about how life might survive on Mars.

IF 6.2 2区 生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-03 DOI:10.1080/10409238.2024.2418639
Chellapandi Paulchamy, Sreekutty Vakkattuthundi Premji, Saranya Shanmugam
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Abstract

Space exploration and research are uncovering the potential for terrestrial life to survive in outer space, as well as the environmental factors that affect life during interplanetary transfer. The presence of methane in the Martian atmosphere suggests the possibility of methanogens, either extant or extinct, on Mars. Understanding how methanogens survive and adapt under space-exposed conditions is crucial for understanding the implications of extraterrestrial life. In this article, we discuss methanogens as model organisms for obtaining energy transducers and producing methane in a simulated Martian environment. We also explore the chemical evolution of cellular composition and growth maintenance to support survival in extraterrestrial environments. Neutral selective pressure is imposed on the chemical composition of cellular components to increase cell survival and reduce growth under physiological conditions. Energy limitation is an evolutionary driver of macromolecular polymerization, growth maintenance, and survival fitness of methanogens. Methanogens grown in a Martian environment may exhibit global alterations in their metabolic function and gene expression at the system scale. A space systems biology approach would further elucidate molecular survival mechanisms and adaptation to a drastic outer space environment. Therefore, identifying a genetically stable methanogenic community is essential for biomethane production from waste recycling to achieve sustainable space-life support functions.

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甲烷菌及其对火星生命生存方式的启示。
太空探索和研究正在揭示地球生命在外太空生存的潜力,以及在星际转移过程中影响生命的环境因素。火星大气中存在甲烷,这表明火星上可能存在现存或已灭绝的甲烷菌。了解甲烷菌如何在太空暴露条件下生存和适应,对于了解地外生命的影响至关重要。在本文中,我们将讨论甲烷菌作为在模拟火星环境中获取能量转换器和生产甲烷的模式生物。我们还探讨了细胞组成和生长维持的化学进化,以支持在地外环境中的生存。在生理条件下,细胞成分的化学组成受到中性选择压力,以提高细胞存活率并降低生长速度。能量限制是甲烷菌大分子聚合、生长维持和生存能力的进化驱动力。在火星环境中生长的甲烷菌可能会在系统尺度上表现出代谢功能和基因表达的全面改变。空间系统生物学方法将进一步阐明分子生存机制和对恶劣外太空环境的适应性。因此,确定一个基因稳定的甲烷菌群落对于利用废物循环生产生物甲烷以实现可持续的太空生命支持功能至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
14.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
6
期刊介绍: As the discipline of biochemistry and molecular biology have greatly advanced in the last quarter century, significant contributions have been made towards the advancement of general medicine, genetics, immunology, developmental biology, and biophysics. Investigators in a wide range of disciplines increasingly require an appreciation of the significance of current biochemical and molecular biology advances while, members of the biochemical and molecular biology community itself seek concise information on advances in areas remote from their own specialties. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology believes that well-written review articles prove an effective device for the integration and meaningful comprehension of vast, often contradictory, literature. Review articles also provide an opportunity for creative scholarship by synthesizing known facts, fruitful hypotheses, and new concepts. Accordingly, Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology publishes high-quality reviews that organize, evaluate, and present the current status of high-impact, current issues in the area of biochemistry and molecular biology. Topics are selected on the advice of an advisory board of outstanding scientists, who also suggest authors of special competence. The topics chosen are sufficiently broad to interest a wide audience of readers, yet focused enough to be within the competence of a single author. Authors are chosen based on their activity in the field and their proven ability to produce a well-written publication.
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