Aging, brain plasticity, and motor learning

IF 12.5 1区 医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Ageing Research Reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102569
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Abstract

Motor skill learning, the process of acquiring new motor skills, is critically important across the lifespan, from early development through adulthood and into older age, as well as in pathological conditions (i.e., rehabilitation). Extensive research has demonstrated that motor skill acquisition in young adults is accompanied by significant neuroplastic changes, including alterations in brain structure (gray and white matter), function (i.e., activity and connectivity), and neurochemistry (i.e., levels of neurotransmitters). In the aging population, motor performance typically declines, characterized by slower and less accurate movements. However, despite these age-related changes, older adults maintain the capacity for skill improvement through training. In this review, we explore the extent to which the aging brain retains the ability to adapt in response to motor learning, specifically whether skill acquisition is accompanied by neural changes. Furthermore, we discuss the associations between inter-individual variability in brain structure and function and the potential for future learning in older adults. Finally, we consider the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques aimed at optimizing motor learning in this population. Our review provides insights into the neurobiological underpinnings of motor learning in older adults and emphasizes strategies to enhance their motor skill acquisition.
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衰老、大脑可塑性和运动学习。
运动技能学习,即掌握新运动技能的过程,在人的一生中都至关重要,从早期发育到成年,直至老年,以及在病理情况下(即康复)也是如此。大量研究表明,青壮年在掌握运动技能的同时,神经可塑性也会发生显著变化,包括大脑结构(灰质和白质)、功能(即活动和连接性)和神经化学(即神经递质水平)的改变。在老龄人口中,运动能力通常会下降,表现为运动速度变慢、准确性降低。然而,尽管存在这些与年龄相关的变化,老年人仍有能力通过训练提高技能。在这篇综述中,我们将探讨衰老大脑在多大程度上保留了适应运动学习的能力,特别是技能学习是否伴随着神经变化。此外,我们还讨论了大脑结构和功能的个体间差异与老年人未来学习潜力之间的关联。最后,我们还考虑了非侵入性脑刺激技术的使用,旨在优化这一人群的运动学习。我们的综述深入揭示了老年人运动学习的神经生物学基础,并强调了加强老年人运动技能学习的策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Ageing Research Reviews
Ageing Research Reviews 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
2.30%
发文量
216
审稿时长
55 days
期刊介绍: With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends. ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.
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