Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102502
Targeting senescent cells has recently emerged as a promising strategy for treating age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which significantly contributes to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review elucidates the role of senescent cells in the development of atherosclerosis, including persistently damaging DNA, inducing oxidative stress and secreting pro-inflammatory factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Therapeutic approaches targeting senescent cells to mitigate atherosclerosis are summarized in this review, which include the development of senotherapeutics and immunotherapies. These therapies are designed to either remove these cells or suppress their deleterious effects. These emerging therapies hold potential to decelerate or even alleviate the progression of AS, paving the way for new avenues in cardiovascular research and treatment.
{"title":"Targeting senescent cells in atherosclerosis: Pathways to novel therapies","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Targeting senescent cells has recently emerged as a promising strategy for treating age-related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, which significantly contributes to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review elucidates the role of senescent cells in the development of atherosclerosis, including persistently damaging DNA, inducing oxidative stress and secreting pro-inflammatory factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Therapeutic approaches targeting senescent cells to mitigate atherosclerosis are summarized in this review, which include the development of senotherapeutics and immunotherapies. These therapies are designed to either remove these cells or suppress their deleterious effects. These emerging therapies hold potential to decelerate or even alleviate the progression of AS, paving the way for new avenues in cardiovascular research and treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-06DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102470
Background
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is defined as the presence of slow gait-speed and subjective cognitive decline in older individuals without mobility disability or dementia. While some studies suggest that MCR is a pre-dementia syndrome and may help predict the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, not all studies concur. The objective of this study is to comprehensively summarize and synthesize evidence to assess the association between MCR and cognitive impairment and dementia.
Methods
Following a pre-specified protocol, two authors systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 19 August 2024 for observational or randomized studies pertaining to the association between MCR and cognitive impairment and dementia. We favoured maximally adjusted hazards and odds ratios to determine the longitudinal and cross-sectional risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. We investigated for potential sources of heterogeneity and also conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses by continent and the type of cognitive outcome. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.
Results
We included 20 studies comprising a combined cohort of 1206,782 participants, of which 17 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled analysis outlined that individuals with MCR exhibited 2.20-fold higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, compared to controls (RR=2.20; 95 %CI=1.91–2.53). These findings remained robust across all subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and assessments of publication bias.
Conclusion
MCR may be considered a predictive factor for long-term cognitive impairment and dementia. This should be taken into consideration when clinically evaluating the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia but further research is required to lend greater clarity to this association.
{"title":"Motoric cognitive risk syndrome as a predictive factor of cognitive impairment and dementia – A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is defined as the presence of slow gait-speed and subjective cognitive decline in older individuals without mobility disability or dementia. While some studies suggest that MCR is a pre-dementia syndrome and may help predict the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, not all studies concur. The objective of this study is to comprehensively summarize and synthesize evidence to assess the association between MCR and cognitive impairment and dementia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Following a pre-specified protocol, two authors systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 19 August 2024 for observational or randomized studies pertaining to the association between MCR and cognitive impairment and dementia. We favoured maximally adjusted hazards and odds ratios to determine the longitudinal and cross-sectional risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. We investigated for potential sources of heterogeneity and also conducted sensitivity and subgroup analyses by continent and the type of cognitive outcome. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 20 studies comprising a combined cohort of 1206,782 participants, of which 17 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The pooled analysis outlined that individuals with MCR exhibited 2.20-fold higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, compared to controls (RR=2.20; 95 %CI=1.91–2.53). These findings remained robust across all subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses and assessments of publication bias.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MCR may be considered a predictive factor for long-term cognitive impairment and dementia. This should be taken into consideration when clinically evaluating the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia but further research is required to lend greater clarity to this association.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102487
Background
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered a pre-symptomatic stage of dementia characterized by cognitive complaints. The ability of education to reduce the risk of dementia is well known. Our objective is to investigate the influence of education on the risk of progression from SCD to MCI or dementia.
Methods
Prospective longitudinal studies of adults (≥50 years) with SCD evaluating progression to objective cognitive decline, MCI, or dementia were selected. Pooled estimates (random effects model) and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated, exploring heterogeneity. Standardized education differences, Odds Ratio, or Hazard Ratio between converters and non-converters were estimated.
Results
The systematic review carried out showed that high education, as well as other cognitive reserve proxies, delays cognitive decline. The first meta-analysis showed a significant association of SCD with conversion in both high and low education strata. A second meta-analysis considering education as a continuous variable found that SCD converters showed two years less education than non-converters.
Conclusions
Our results suggest that education has a delaying effect against cognitive decline progression. The presumed improvement in accurately detecting cognitive decline associated with better metacognitive skills in higher-educated SCD participants does not seem to neutralize the incremental risk of objective cognitive decline associated with lower educational attainment.
{"title":"The influence of education in predicting conversion from Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) to objective cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is considered a pre-symptomatic stage of dementia characterized by cognitive complaints. The ability of education to reduce the risk of dementia is well known. Our objective is to investigate the influence of education on the risk of progression from SCD to MCI or dementia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Prospective longitudinal studies of adults (≥50 years) with SCD evaluating progression to objective cognitive decline, MCI, or dementia were selected. Pooled estimates (random effects model) and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated, exploring heterogeneity. Standardized education differences, Odds Ratio, or Hazard Ratio between converters and non-converters were estimated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The systematic review carried out showed that high education, as well as other cognitive reserve proxies, delays cognitive decline. The first meta-analysis showed a significant association of SCD with conversion in both high and low education strata. A second meta-analysis considering education as a continuous variable found that SCD converters showed two years less education than non-converters.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results suggest that education has a delaying effect against cognitive decline progression. The presumed improvement in accurately detecting cognitive decline associated with better metacognitive skills in higher-educated SCD participants does not seem to neutralize the incremental risk of objective cognitive decline associated with lower educational attainment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724003052/pdfft?md5=11063903a9b90f09eb23bd22a0ad3508&pid=1-s2.0-S1568163724003052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102498
Metal ions play a pivotal role in maintaining optimal brain function within the human body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of these ions can result in irregularities that lead to brain damage and dysfunction. Disruptions of metal ion homeostasis can result in various pathologies, including inflammation, redox dysregulation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. While research on metal ions has chiefly focused on neurodegenerative diseases, little attention has been given to their involvement in the onset and progression of stroke. Recent studies have identified cuproptosis and confirmed ferroptosis as significant factors in stroke pathology, underscoring the importance of metal ions in stroke pathology, including abnormal ion transport, neurotoxicity, blood-brain barrier damage, and cell death. Additionally, it provides an overview of contemporary metal ion chelators and detection techniques, which may offer novel approaches to stroke treatment.
{"title":"The role of metal ions in stroke: Current evidence and future perspectives","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal ions play a pivotal role in maintaining optimal brain function within the human body. Nevertheless, the accumulation of these ions can result in irregularities that lead to brain damage and dysfunction. Disruptions of metal ion homeostasis can result in various pathologies, including inflammation, redox dysregulation, and blood-brain barrier disruption. While research on metal ions has chiefly focused on neurodegenerative diseases, little attention has been given to their involvement in the onset and progression of stroke. Recent studies have identified cuproptosis and confirmed ferroptosis as significant factors in stroke pathology, underscoring the importance of metal ions in stroke pathology, including abnormal ion transport, neurotoxicity, blood-brain barrier damage, and cell death. Additionally, it provides an overview of contemporary metal ion chelators and detection techniques, which may offer novel approaches to stroke treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102485
Recently included in the 2024 new revised diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has garnered significant attention. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic, differential diagnostic, and prospective diagnostic performance of GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for AD continuum. A literature search using common electronic databases, important websites and historical search way was performed from inception to the beginning of March 2023. The inclusion criteria was studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of GFAP in CSF and/or blood for the AD continuum patients, utilizing PET scans, CSF biomarkers and/or clinical criteria. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted referring to the Cochrane Handbook. In total, 34 articles were eventually included in the meta-analysis, 29 of which were published within the past three years. Blood GFAP exhibited good diagnostic accuracy across various AD continuum patients, and the summary area under curve for distinguishing PET positive and negative individuals, CSF biomarkers defined positive and negative individuals, clinically diagnosed AD and cognitive unimpaired controls, AD and/or mild cognitive impairment and other neurological diseases, and prospective cases and controls was 0.85[0.81–0.88], 0.77[0.73–0.81], 0.92[0.90–0.94], 0.80[0.77–0.84], and 0.79[0.75–0.82], respectively. Only several studies were recognized to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CSF GFAP, which was not as good as that of blood GFAP (paired mixed data: AUC = 0.86 vs. AUC = 0.77), but its accuracy remarkably increased to AUC = 0.91 when combined with other factors like sex, age, and ApoE genotype. In summary, GFAP, particularly in blood, shown good diagnostic, differential diagnostic, and prospective diagnostic accuracy for AD continuum patients, with improved accuracy when used alongside other basic indexes.
最近,胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)被纳入 2024 年新修订的阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,引起了广泛关注。为了全面评估脑脊液(CSF)和血液中 GFAP 对 AD 连续性的诊断、鉴别诊断和前瞻性诊断性能,本研究进行了系统综述和荟萃分析。利用常用电子数据库、重要网站和历史检索方式进行了文献检索,检索时间从开始至 2023 年 3 月初。纳入标准是利用正电子发射计算机断层扫描、脑脊液生物标记物和/或临床标准,评估脑脊液和/或血液中GFAP对AD连续性诊断准确性的研究。系统综述和荟萃分析参照 Cochrane 手册进行。最终共有 34 篇文章被纳入荟萃分析,其中 29 篇发表于过去三年内。区分 PET 阳性与阴性个体、CSF 生物标记物定义阳性与阴性个体、临床诊断 AD 与认知功能未受损对照、AD 和/或轻度认知功能受损与其他神经系统疾病以及前瞻性诊断的曲线下面积分别为 0.85[0.81-0.88]、0.77[0.73-0.81]、0.92[0.90-0.94]、0.80[0.77-0.84]和 0.79[0.75-0.82]。只有几项研究对 CSF GFAP 的诊断准确性进行了评估,其准确性不如血液 GFAP(配对混合数据:AUC = 0.86 vs. AUC = 0.77),但当与性别、年龄和载脂蛋白基因型等其他因素相结合时,其准确性显著提高,达到 AUC = 0.91。总之,GFAP,尤其是血液中的GFAP,对AD连续性患者显示出良好的诊断、鉴别诊断和前瞻性诊断准确性,当与其他基本指标一起使用时,准确性更高。
{"title":"CSF and blood glial fibrillary acidic protein for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recently included in the 2024 new revised diagnostic criteria of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) has garnered significant attention. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic, differential diagnostic, and prospective diagnostic performance of GFAP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood for AD continuum. A literature search using common electronic databases, important websites and historical search way was performed from inception to the beginning of March 2023. The inclusion criteria was studies evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of GFAP in CSF and/or blood for the AD continuum patients, utilizing PET scans, CSF biomarkers and/or clinical criteria. The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted referring to the Cochrane Handbook. In total, 34 articles were eventually included in the meta-analysis, 29 of which were published within the past three years. Blood GFAP exhibited good diagnostic accuracy across various AD continuum patients, and the summary area under curve for distinguishing PET positive and negative individuals, CSF biomarkers defined positive and negative individuals, clinically diagnosed AD and cognitive unimpaired controls, AD and/or mild cognitive impairment and other neurological diseases, and prospective cases and controls was 0.85[0.81–0.88], 0.77[0.73–0.81], 0.92[0.90–0.94], 0.80[0.77–0.84], and 0.79[0.75–0.82], respectively. Only several studies were recognized to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CSF GFAP, which was not as good as that of blood GFAP (paired mixed data: AUC = 0.86 vs. AUC = 0.77), but its accuracy remarkably increased to AUC = 0.91 when combined with other factors like sex, age, and ApoE genotype. In summary, GFAP, particularly in blood, shown good diagnostic, differential diagnostic, and prospective diagnostic accuracy for AD continuum patients, with improved accuracy when used alongside other basic indexes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102482
An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease called Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and a variety of psychiatric symptoms due to the expansion of polyglutamine in the Huntingtin gene. The disease primarily affects the striatal neurons within the basal ganglia, leading to significant neuronal loss and associated symptoms such as chorea and dystonia. Current therapeutic approaches focus on symptom management without altering the disease's progression, highlighting a pressing need for novel treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified imidazoline receptors (IRs) as promising targets for neuroprotective and disease-modifying interventions in HD. IRs, particularly the I1 and I2 subtypes, are involved in critical physiological processes such as neurotransmission, neuronal excitability, and cell survival. Activation of these receptors has been shown to modulate neurotransmitter release and provide neuroprotective effects in preclinical models of neurodegeneration. This review discusses the potential of IR-targeted therapies to not only alleviate multiple symptoms of HD but also possibly slow the progression of the disease. We emphasize the necessity for ongoing research to further elucidate the role of IRs in HD and develop selective ligands that could lead to effective and safe treatments, thereby significantly improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
亨廷顿氏病(Huntington's disease,HD)是一种常染色体显性神经退行性疾病,由于亨廷顿基因中多谷氨酰胺的扩增,该病以运动功能障碍、认知能力下降和各种精神症状为特征。该病主要影响基底节内的纹状体神经元,导致神经元大量缺失以及舞蹈症和肌张力障碍等相关症状。目前的治疗方法主要是控制症状,而不会改变疾病的进展,因此迫切需要新的治疗策略。最近的研究发现,咪唑啉受体(IRs)是治疗 HD 的神经保护和疾病改变干预措施的理想靶点。IRs,尤其是 I1 和 I2 亚型,参与了神经传递、神经元兴奋性和细胞存活等关键生理过程。在神经变性的临床前模型中,已证明激活这些受体可调节神经递质的释放并提供神经保护作用。本文讨论了红外靶向疗法的潜力,这种疗法不仅可以缓解 HD 的多种症状,还可能延缓疾病的进展。我们强调有必要继续开展研究,进一步阐明IRs在HD中的作用,并开发选择性配体,从而开发出有效、安全的治疗方法,显著改善患者的预后和生活质量。
{"title":"Imidazoline receptors as a new therapeutic target in Huntington’s disease: A preclinical overview","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease called Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and a variety of psychiatric symptoms due to the expansion of polyglutamine in the Huntingtin gene. The disease primarily affects the striatal neurons within the basal ganglia, leading to significant neuronal loss and associated symptoms such as chorea and dystonia. Current therapeutic approaches focus on symptom management without altering the disease's progression, highlighting a pressing need for novel treatment strategies. Recent studies have identified imidazoline receptors (IRs) as promising targets for neuroprotective and disease-modifying interventions in HD. IRs, particularly the I1 and I2 subtypes, are involved in critical physiological processes such as neurotransmission, neuronal excitability, and cell survival. Activation of these receptors has been shown to modulate neurotransmitter release and provide neuroprotective effects in preclinical models of neurodegeneration. This review discusses the potential of IR-targeted therapies to not only alleviate multiple symptoms of HD but also possibly slow the progression of the disease. We emphasize the necessity for ongoing research to further elucidate the role of IRs in HD and develop selective ligands that could lead to effective and safe treatments, thereby significantly improving patient outcomes and quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102481
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for 60–70 % of all cases. It affects millions of people worldwide. AD poses a substantial economic burden on societies and healthcare systems. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. As the prevalence of AD continues to increase, understanding its pathogenesis, improving diagnostic methods, and developing effective therapeutics have become paramount. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying AD, explores the current state of diagnostic techniques, and examines emerging therapeutic strategies. By revealing the complexities of AD, this review aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding this devastating disease.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是痴呆症最常见的病因,占所有病例的 60-70%。它影响着全球数百万人。阿尔茨海默病给社会和医疗系统造成了巨大的经济负担。注意力缺失症是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,以认知能力下降、记忆力减退和日常功能受损为特征。随着注意力缺失症发病率的不断上升,了解其发病机制、改进诊断方法和开发有效的治疗方法已变得至关重要。这本综合综述深入探讨了注意力缺失症的复杂机制,探讨了诊断技术的现状,并研究了新出现的治疗策略。通过揭示 AD 的复杂性,本综述旨在为围绕这一毁灭性疾病不断增长的知识体系做出贡献。
{"title":"Pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: Breaking the memory barrier","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and accounts for 60–70 % of all cases. It affects millions of people worldwide. AD poses a substantial economic burden on societies and healthcare systems. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and impaired daily functioning. As the prevalence of AD continues to increase, understanding its pathogenesis, improving diagnostic methods, and developing effective therapeutics have become paramount. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying AD, explores the current state of diagnostic techniques, and examines emerging therapeutic strategies. By revealing the complexities of AD, this review aims to contribute to the growing body of knowledge surrounding this devastating disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S156816372400299X/pdfft?md5=d59f1b7843c16130db5766f8f73af5cf&pid=1-s2.0-S156816372400299X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102483
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder, is increasingly understood through the regulatory lens of microRNAs (miRNAs). This review comprehensively examines the pivotal roles of miRNAs in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on their influence across various pathways. We delve into the biogenesis and mechanisms of miRNAs, emphasizing their significant roles in brain function and regulation. The review then navigates the complex landscape of AD pathogenesis, identifying key genetic, environmental, and molecular factors, with a focus on hallmark pathological features like amyloid-beta accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Central to our discussion is the intricate involvement of miRNAs in these processes, highlighting their altered expression patterns in AD and subsequent functional implications, from amyloid-beta metabolism to tau pathology, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction. The predictive analysis of miRNA targets using computational methods, complemented by experimental validations, forms a crucial part of our discourse, unraveling the contributions of specific miRNAs to AD. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and in miRNA-based interventions, while addressing the challenges in translating these findings into clinical practice. This review aims to enhance understanding of miRNAs in AD, offering a foundation for future research directions and novel therapeutic strategies.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种多发性神经退行性疾病,人们越来越多地从微RNA(miRNA)的调控角度来了解这种疾病。这篇综述全面探讨了 miRNA 在 AD 发病机制中的关键作用,揭示了它们对各种通路的影响。我们深入探讨了 miRNA 的生物发生和机制,强调了它们在大脑功能和调控中的重要作用。然后,综述探讨了AD发病机制的复杂情况,确定了关键的遗传、环境和分子因素,重点关注淀粉样蛋白-β积累和tau蛋白过度磷酸化等标志性病理特征。我们讨论的核心是 miRNA 在这些过程中的复杂参与,强调了它们在 AD 中表达模式的改变以及随后的功能影响,从淀粉样蛋白-β 代谢到 tau 病理学、神经炎症、氧化应激和突触功能障碍。利用计算方法对 miRNA 靶点进行预测分析,并辅以实验验证,构成了我们论述的关键部分,揭示了特定 miRNA 对 AD 的贡献。此外,我们还探讨了 miRNA 作为生物标志物和基于 miRNA 的干预措施的治疗潜力,同时探讨了将这些发现转化为临床实践所面临的挑战。这篇综述旨在加深人们对 miRNAs 在 AD 中作用的了解,为未来的研究方向和新型治疗策略奠定基础。
{"title":"Deciphering the role of miRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: Predictive targeting and pathway modulation – A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder, is increasingly understood through the regulatory lens of microRNAs (miRNAs). This review comprehensively examines the pivotal roles of miRNAs in AD pathogenesis, shedding light on their influence across various pathways. We delve into the biogenesis and mechanisms of miRNAs, emphasizing their significant roles in brain function and regulation. The review then navigates the complex landscape of AD pathogenesis, identifying key genetic, environmental, and molecular factors, with a focus on hallmark pathological features like amyloid-beta accumulation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Central to our discussion is the intricate involvement of miRNAs in these processes, highlighting their altered expression patterns in AD and subsequent functional implications, from amyloid-beta metabolism to tau pathology, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction. The predictive analysis of miRNA targets using computational methods, complemented by experimental validations, forms a crucial part of our discourse, unraveling the contributions of specific miRNAs to AD. Moreover, we explore the therapeutic potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and in miRNA-based interventions, while addressing the challenges in translating these findings into clinical practice. This review aims to enhance understanding of miRNAs in AD, offering a foundation for future research directions and novel therapeutic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102480
Mitochondria functionally degrade as neurons age. Degenerative changes cause inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevated electron leakage from the electron transport chain (ETC) promoting increased intramitochondrial generation of damaging reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The associated progressive accumulation of molecular damage causes an increasingly rapid decline in mitochondrial physiology contributing to aging. Melatonin, a multifunctional free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, is synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix of neurons. Melatonin reduces electron leakage from the ETC and elevates ATP production; it also detoxifies ROS/RNS and via the SIRT3/FOXO pathway it upregulates activities of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase. Melatonin also influences glucose processing by neurons. In neurogenerative diseases, neurons often adopt Warburg-type metabolism which excludes pyruvate from the mitochondria causing reduced intramitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A production. Acetyl coenzyme A supports the citric acid cycle and OXPHOS. Additionally, acetyl coenzyme A is a required co-substrate for arylalkylamine-N-acetyl transferase, which rate limits melatonin synthesis; therefore, melatonin production is diminished in cells that experience Warburg-type metabolism making mitochondria more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Moreover, endogenously produced melatonin diminishes during aging, further increasing oxidative damage to mitochondrial components. More normal mitochondrial physiology is preserved in aging neurons with melatonin supplementation.
随着神经元的衰老,线粒体的功能也会退化。退行性变化导致氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)效率低下,电子传递链(ETC)电子泄漏增加,线粒体内产生的破坏性活性氧和活性氮物种(ROS 和 RNS)增多。与此相关的分子损伤逐渐累积,导致线粒体生理机能日益迅速衰退,从而导致衰老。褪黑素是一种多功能自由基清除剂和间接抗氧化剂,可在神经元线粒体基质中合成。褪黑素能减少 ETC 的电子泄漏,提高 ATP 的产生;它还能解毒 ROS/RNS,并通过 SIRT3/FOXO 途径提高超氧化物歧化酶 2 和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性。褪黑激素还能影响神经元对葡萄糖的处理。在神经退行性疾病中,神经元通常采用沃伯格型新陈代谢,将丙酮酸排除在线粒体之外,导致线粒体内乙酰辅酶 A 生成减少。乙酰辅酶 A 支持柠檬酸循环和 OXPHOS。此外,乙酰辅酶 A 是芳基烷基胺-N-乙酰转移酶所需的辅助底物,而芳基烷基胺-N-乙酰转移酶限制了褪黑素的合成速度;因此,在经历沃伯格式新陈代谢的细胞中,褪黑素的产生会减少,线粒体更容易受到氧化应激的影响。此外,内源性褪黑素在衰老过程中也会减少,进一步加剧线粒体成分的氧化损伤。补充褪黑激素后,衰老神经元的线粒体生理机能会更加正常。
{"title":"Dysfunctional mitochondria in age-related neurodegeneration: Utility of melatonin as an antioxidant treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mitochondria functionally degrade as neurons age. Degenerative changes cause inefficient oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and elevated electron leakage from the electron transport chain (ETC) promoting increased intramitochondrial generation of damaging reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). The associated progressive accumulation of molecular damage causes an increasingly rapid decline in mitochondrial physiology contributing to aging. Melatonin, a multifunctional free radical scavenger and indirect antioxidant, is synthesized in the mitochondrial matrix of neurons. Melatonin reduces electron leakage from the ETC and elevates ATP production; it also detoxifies ROS/RNS and via the SIRT3/FOXO pathway it upregulates activities of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase. Melatonin also influences glucose processing by neurons. In neurogenerative diseases, neurons often adopt Warburg-type metabolism which excludes pyruvate from the mitochondria causing reduced intramitochondrial acetyl coenzyme A production. Acetyl coenzyme A supports the citric acid cycle and OXPHOS. Additionally, acetyl coenzyme A is a required co-substrate for arylalkylamine-N-acetyl transferase, which rate limits melatonin synthesis; therefore, melatonin production is diminished in cells that experience Warburg-type metabolism making mitochondria more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Moreover, endogenously produced melatonin diminishes during aging, further increasing oxidative damage to mitochondrial components. More normal mitochondrial physiology is preserved in aging neurons with melatonin supplementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163724002988/pdfft?md5=dbf486b794b376c9020e1bd5629e0f3b&pid=1-s2.0-S1568163724002988-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102472
Neuroinflammation is an innate and adaptive immune response initiated by the release of inflammatory mediators from various immune cells in response to harmful stimuli. While initially beneficial and protective, prolonged or excessive neuroinflammation has been identified in clinical and experimental studies as a key pathological driver of numerous neurological diseases and an accelerant of the aging process. Glycolysis, the metabolic process that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate to produce adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), is often dysregulated in many neuroinflammatory disorders and in the affected nerve cells. Enhancing glucose availability and uptake, as well as increasing glycolytic flux through pharmacological or genetic manipulation of glycolytic enzymes, has shown potential protective effects in several animal models of neuroinflammatory diseases. Modulating the glycolytic pathway to improve glucose metabolism and ATP production may help alleviate energy deficiencies associated with these conditions. In this review, we examine six neuroinflammatory diseases—stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and depression—and provide evidence supporting the role of glycolysis in their treatment. We also explore the potential link between inflammation-induced aging and glycolysis. Additionally, we briefly discuss the critical role of glycolysis in three types of neuronal cells—neurons, microglia, and astrocytes—within physiological processes. This review highlights the significance of glycolysis in the pathology of neuroinflammatory diseases and its relevance to the aging process.
神经炎症是一种先天性和适应性免疫反应,由各种免疫细胞在受到有害刺激时释放炎症介质而引发。虽然神经炎症最初是有益和保护性的,但临床和实验研究发现,长期或过度的神经炎症是多种神经系统疾病的主要病理驱动因素,也是加速衰老过程的因素。糖酵解是将葡萄糖转化为丙酮酸或乳酸以产生 5'-三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的代谢过程,在许多神经炎症性疾病和受影响的神经细胞中,糖酵解经常失调。通过药物或基因操纵糖酵解酶来提高葡萄糖的可用性和摄取量,以及增加糖酵解通量,在几种神经炎性疾病的动物模型中显示出潜在的保护作用。调节糖酵解途径以改善葡萄糖代谢和 ATP 生成可能有助于缓解与这些疾病相关的能量缺乏症。在这篇综述中,我们研究了六种神经炎症性疾病--中风、阿尔茨海默病(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、亨廷顿病(HD)、肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS)和抑郁症,并提供了支持糖酵解在这些疾病的治疗中发挥作用的证据。我们还探讨了炎症诱导的衰老与糖酵解之间的潜在联系。此外,我们还简要讨论了糖酵解在神经元、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞这三种神经元细胞的生理过程中所起的关键作用。这篇综述强调了糖酵解在神经炎症性疾病病理学中的重要性及其与衰老过程的相关性。
{"title":"Target modulation of glycolytic pathways as a new strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.arr.2024.102472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Neuroinflammation is an innate and adaptive immune response initiated by the release of inflammatory mediators from various immune cells in response to harmful stimuli. While initially beneficial and protective, prolonged or excessive neuroinflammation has been identified in clinical and experimental studies as a key pathological driver of numerous neurological diseases and an accelerant of the aging process. Glycolysis, the metabolic process that converts glucose to pyruvate or lactate to produce adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), is often dysregulated in many neuroinflammatory disorders and in the affected nerve cells. Enhancing glucose availability and uptake, as well as increasing glycolytic flux through pharmacological or genetic manipulation of glycolytic enzymes, has shown potential protective effects in several animal models of neuroinflammatory diseases. Modulating the glycolytic pathway to improve glucose metabolism and ATP production may help alleviate energy deficiencies associated with these conditions. In this review, we examine six neuroinflammatory diseases—stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and depression—and provide evidence supporting the role of glycolysis in their treatment. We also explore the potential link between inflammation-induced aging and glycolysis. Additionally, we briefly discuss the critical role of glycolysis in three types of neuronal cells—neurons, microglia, and astrocytes—within physiological processes. This review highlights the significance of glycolysis in the pathology of neuroinflammatory diseases and its relevance to the aging process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}