Gut microbiome and Alzheimer’s disease: What we know and what remains to be explored

IF 12.5 1区 医学 Q1 CELL BIOLOGY Ageing Research Reviews Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102570
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Abstract

With advancement in human microbiome research, an increasing number of scientific evidences have endorsed the key role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Microbiome dysbiosis, characterized by altered diversity and composition, as well as rise of pathobionts influence not only various gut disorder but also central nervous system disorders such as AD. On the basis of accumulated evidences of past few years now it is quite clear that the gut microbiota can control the functions of the central nervous system (CNS) through the gut–brain axis, which provides a new prospective into the interactions between the gut and brain. The main focus of this review is on the molecular mechanism of the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the brain through the gut–brain axis, and on the onset and development of neurological disorders triggered by the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Due to microbiota dysbiosis the permeability of the gut and blood brain barrier is increased which may mediate or affect AD. Along with this, bacterial population of the gut microbiota can secrete amyloid proteins and lipopolysaccharides in a large quantity which may create a disturbance in the signaling pathways and the formation of proinflammatory cytokines associated with the pathogenesis of AD. These topics are followed by a critical analysis of potential intervention strategies targeting gut microbiota dysbiosis, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, metabolites, diets and fecal microbiota transplantation. The main purpose of this review includes the summarization and discussion on the recent finding that may explain the role of the gut microbiota in the development of AD. Understanding of these fundamental mechanisms may provide a new insight into the novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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肠道微生物群与阿尔茨海默病:我们知道什么,还有什么有待探索。
随着人类微生物组研究的发展,越来越多的科学证据证明肠道微生物群在阿尔茨海默病的发病机制中起着关键作用。以多样性和组成改变为特征的微生物群失调以及病原菌的增加不仅会影响各种肠道疾病,还会影响中枢神经系统疾病,如阿尔茨海默病。过去几年积累的证据表明,肠道微生物群可以通过肠脑轴控制中枢神经系统(CNS)的功能,这为研究肠道与大脑之间的相互作用提供了新的视角。本综述的重点是肠道微生物群通过肠脑轴与大脑之间相互影响的分子机制,以及肠道微生物群失调引发的神经系统疾病的发生和发展。由于微生物群失调,肠道和血脑屏障的通透性增加,这可能会介导或影响注意力缺失症。此外,肠道微生物群中的细菌可大量分泌淀粉样蛋白和脂多糖,这可能会扰乱信号传导途径,并形成与 AD 发病机制相关的促炎细胞因子。在对这些主题进行深入分析后,我们将对针对肠道微生物群失调的潜在干预策略进行批判性分析,包括使用益生菌、益生元、代谢物、饮食和粪便微生物群移植。这篇综述的主要目的包括总结和讨论可能解释肠道微生物群在注意力缺失症发病中作用的最新发现。对这些基本机制的了解可能会为新型 AD 治疗策略提供新的视角。
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来源期刊
Ageing Research Reviews
Ageing Research Reviews 医学-老年医学
CiteScore
19.80
自引率
2.30%
发文量
216
审稿时长
55 days
期刊介绍: With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends. ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research. The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.
期刊最新文献
Editorial Board Exercise-induced adaptive response of different immune organs during ageing Aging, brain plasticity, and motor learning Gut microbiome and Alzheimer’s disease: What we know and what remains to be explored Application of frailty screening instruments for older people in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
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