Monkeypox 2024 outbreak: Fifty essential questions and answers.

IF 12.6 1区 医学 Q1 ALLERGY Allergy Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1111/all.16374
Beatriz Cabanillas, Giuseppe Murdaca, Amir Guemari, Maria Jose Torres, Ahmet Kursat Azkur, Emel Aksoy, Joana Vitte, Ruben Fernández-Santamaria, Aspasia Karavelia, Riccardo Castagnoli, Rafael Valdelvira, Andrea Orsi, Matilde Ogliastro, Elvira Massaro, Esra Özek Yücel, Natalija Novak, Ioana Agache, Mubeccel Akdis, Cezmi A Akdis
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Abstract

As the world still vividly recalls the previous monkeypox (mpox) outbreak that impacted over 120 countries worldwide with more than 99,000 cases in 2022, we are now facing a second wave of infections from the monkeypox virus (MPXV), characterized by an exponential increase in cases. The current 2024 outbreak has already recorded more than 20,000 cases in Africa, marking a dramatic escalation compared to previous outbreaks. The predominance of the newly identified clade Ib variant, first detected in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and now identified across multiple African nations and beyond, underscores its enhanced transmissibility and potential for international spread, evidenced by cases in Sweden and Thailand. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared on August 14, 2024, the current mpox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), calling for heightened global public health measures. The ongoing pattern of unusual, frequent, and extensive outbreaks of mpox with potential global implications poses significant questions. This review addresses, in the format of 50 questions and answers, the 2024 mpox outbreak, detailing its characteristics, epidemiological data, and impact compared to previous outbreaks. It comprehensively explores critical questions related to MPXV virological characteristics, immunological response, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, diagnostics, and available treatments. The review also documents the significant and evolving challenges posed by the current mpox outbreak, highlighting its scale, spread, and public health response.

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猴痘 2024 年爆发:五十个基本问题和答案
2022 年爆发的猴痘疫情影响了全球 120 多个国家,病例超过 99,000 例,当时的情景还历历在目。2024 年的疫情在非洲已超过 2 万例,与之前的疫情相比急剧上升。新发现的 Ib 族变体首先在刚果民主共和国(刚果(金))发现,现在已在非洲多个国家和其他地区发现,这种变体占主导地位的情况突出表明,它的传播性和国际传播潜力都有所增强,瑞典和泰国的病例就是证明。世界卫生组织(WHO)于 2024 年 8 月 14 日宣布当前的麻疹疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件(PHEIC),呼吁加强全球公共卫生措施。天花疫情持续异常、频繁、广泛爆发,可能对全球产生影响,这种模式提出了重大问题。本综述以 50 个问答的形式探讨了 2024 年爆发的天花疫情,详细介绍了其特点、流行病学数据以及与以往疫情相比产生的影响。它全面探讨了与 MPXV 病毒特征、免疫反应、临床表现、流行病学、诊断和现有治疗方法有关的关键问题。该综述还记录了当前 mpox 爆发所带来的重大和不断变化的挑战,强调了其规模、传播和公共卫生应对措施。
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来源期刊
Allergy
Allergy 医学-过敏
CiteScore
26.10
自引率
9.70%
发文量
393
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Allergy is an international and multidisciplinary journal that aims to advance, impact, and communicate all aspects of the discipline of Allergy/Immunology. It publishes original articles, reviews, position papers, guidelines, editorials, news and commentaries, letters to the editors, and correspondences. The journal accepts articles based on their scientific merit and quality. Allergy seeks to maintain contact between basic and clinical Allergy/Immunology and encourages contributions from contributors and readers from all countries. In addition to its publication, Allergy also provides abstracting and indexing information. Some of the databases that include Allergy abstracts are Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Disease, Academic Search Alumni Edition, AgBiotech News & Information, AGRICOLA Database, Biological Abstracts, PubMed Dietary Supplement Subset, and Global Health, among others.
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