Warming and UV Radiation Alleviate the Effect of Virus Infection on the Microalga Emiliania huxleyi.

IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Plant, Cell & Environment Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1111/pce.15262
Qianqian Fu, Ruiping Huang, Futian Li, John Beardall, David A Hutchins, Jingwen Liu, Kunshan Gao
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Abstract

The marine microalga Emiliania huxleyi is widely distributed in the surface oceans and is prone to infection by coccolithoviruses that can terminate its blooms. However, little is known about how global change factors like solar UV radiation (UVR) and ocean warming affect the host-virus interaction. We grew the microalga at 2 temperature levels with or without the virus in the presence or absence of UVR and investigated the physiological and transcriptional responses. We showed that viral infection noticeably reduced photosynthesis and growth of the alga but was less harmful to its physiology under conditions where UVR influenced viral DNA expression. In the virus-infected cells, the combination of UVR and warming (+4°C) led to a 13-fold increase in photosynthetic carbon fixation rate, with warming alone contributing a change of about 5-7-fold. This was attributed to upregulated expression of genes related to carboxylation and light-harvesting proteins under the influence of UVR, and to warming-reduced infectivity. In the absence of UVR, viral infection downregulated the metabolic pathways of photosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Our results suggest that solar UV exposure in a warming ocean can reduce the severity of viral attack on this ecologically important microalga, potentially prolonging its blooms.

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变暖和紫外线辐射减轻了病毒感染对微藻 Emiliania huxleyi 的影响。
海洋微藻 Emiliania huxleyi 广泛分布于表层海洋,易受椰子藻病毒感染,从而导致藻类大量繁殖。然而,人们对太阳紫外线辐射(UVR)和海洋变暖等全球变化因素如何影响宿主与病毒之间的相互作用知之甚少。我们在紫外线辐射存在或不存在的情况下,在两种温度水平下培养了带有或不带有病毒的微藻,并研究了其生理和转录反应。我们发现,病毒感染明显降低了藻类的光合作用和生长,但在紫外线影响病毒 DNA 表达的条件下,病毒感染对藻类生理的危害较小。在病毒感染的细胞中,紫外线辐射和升温(+4°C)的结合导致光合作用碳固定率增加了 13 倍,而单独升温的变化约为 5-7 倍。这归因于在紫外线辐射的影响下,与羧化和光收获蛋白相关的基因表达上调,以及升温降低了感染性。在没有紫外线辐射的情况下,病毒感染会降低光合作用和脂肪酸降解的代谢途径。我们的研究结果表明,在气候变暖的海洋中,太阳紫外线照射可降低病毒对这种具有重要生态意义的微藻的侵袭程度,从而有可能延长其开花期。
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来源期刊
Plant, Cell & Environment
Plant, Cell & Environment 生物-植物科学
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
4.10%
发文量
253
审稿时长
1.8 months
期刊介绍: Plant, Cell & Environment is a premier plant science journal, offering valuable insights into plant responses to their environment. Committed to publishing high-quality theoretical and experimental research, the journal covers a broad spectrum of factors, spanning from molecular to community levels. Researchers exploring various aspects of plant biology, physiology, and ecology contribute to the journal's comprehensive understanding of plant-environment interactions.
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