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Biosynthesis-Based Spatial Metabolome of Condensed Tannin Reveals Its Role in Salt Tolerance of Non-Salt-Secretor Mangrove Kandelia obovata. 基于生物合成的缩合单宁空间代谢组揭示了其在非盐遁红树林 Kandelia obovata 的耐盐性中的作用。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15269
Hezi Huang, Lihan Zhuang, Hanchen Tang, Zhaoyu Guo, Qinghua Li, Zejin Lin, Mingjin Dai, Xiuxiu Wang, Yifan Wang, Hailei Zheng, Xueyi Zhu

An autofluorescent inclusion (AFI) specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells (MCs) of non-salt-secretor mangrove was found to be related to salt, but its biosynthesis and spatial distribution characteristics remain unclear. Here, Kandelia obovata served as the experimental material, and the composition of AFI was identified as condensed tannin (CT). Na contents increased in purified AFIs under NaCl treatment, while Na+ efflux in MCs was lower than the control. In vitro, Na+ addition caused aggregations of AFIs. Proteins related to Na+/H+ and vesicle transport were identified in the purified AFIs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. TEM images revealed the structures involved in CT biosynthesis in chloroplasts and CT accretions in vacuoles were more visible under higher salinity. Spatial metabolomics analysis on flavonoid metabolites involving in CT biosynthesis illustrated those flavonoids and three CT monomers were positively related to salt in MCs. Real-time quantitative PCR verified the genes encoding enzymes for CT biosynthesis were upregulated accordingly. Taken together, CT biosynthesis is positively correlated with Na accumulation in leaves. The CTs synthesized in chloroplasts are transported as shuttles to vacuole via cytoplasm, facilitating the sequestration and compartmentalization of excessive Na+ ions into the vacuole, which confers non-salt-secretor mangrove K. obovata a higher salt tolerance.

研究发现,非盐分泌型红树林叶肉细胞(MC)中特异性积累的自发荧光包涵体(AFI)与盐有关,但其生物合成和空间分布特征仍不清楚。本文以 Kandelia obovata 为实验材料,确定 AFI 的成分为缩合单宁(CT)。在NaCl处理下,纯化的AFIs中Na含量增加,而MCs中Na+外流低于对照组。在体外,Na+的添加会导致AFIs聚集。液相色谱-质谱法鉴定了纯化的AFIs中与Na+/H+和囊泡运输相关的蛋白质。TEM 图像显示了叶绿体中参与 CT 生物合成的结构,在盐度较高的情况下,液泡中的 CT 增生更为明显。对参与 CT 生物合成的类黄酮代谢物的空间代谢组学分析表明,类黄酮和三种 CT 单体与 MCs 中的盐分呈正相关。实时定量 PCR 验证了编码 CT 生物合成酶的基因相应上调。综上所述,CT 的生物合成与叶片中 Na 的积累呈正相关。叶绿体中合成的 CT 通过细胞质以梭子的形式运输到液泡中,促进了过量 Na+ 离子在液泡中的封存和分隔,从而使不分泌盐分的红树林 K. obovata 具有更高的耐盐性。
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引用次数: 0
A Detailed Proteomics and Metabolomics Landscape Sheds Light on the Mechanistic Insights Into the Resistance Response of Transgenic Pigeon Pea Against Wilt Stress. 详细的蛋白质组学和代谢组学研究揭示了转基因豌豆对枯萎病胁迫的抗性响应机制。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15261
Subhasis Karmakar, Sabarinathan Selvaraj, Dipak Gayen, Mirza J Baig

Pigeon pea, vital for farmers in semi-arid regions, suffers yield losses from Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium udum. This study demonstrates that introducing the rice oxalate oxidase 4 (Osoxo4) gene significantly boosts wilt resistance. Enhanced resistance in transgenic lines was confirmed through gene expression analysis, enzyme activity assays, biochemical assessments, histochemical staining and in vitro and in vivo bioassays, including spore germination tests. We performed proteomics and metabolomics analyses to investigate mechanisms of enhanced resistance. LC-MS/MS-based label-free proteomics of wilt-infected transgenic and wild-type pigeon pea leaves identified 2386 proteins, with 1048 showing significant abundance changes-738 upregulated and 310 downregulated-in transgenic plants. Notably, proteins such as HMG1/2-like protein, Putative nucleosome assembly protein C364.06, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 3, Lipoxygenase 1, Annexin D1 and Annexin-like protein RJ4 were significantly upregulated, indicating their potential role in developing wilt-resistant cultivars. Metabolomic analysis showed elevated levels of amino acids, sugars, oxalic acid, sugar alcohols and myo-inositol in transgenic pigeon pea, with upregulated pathways in Sugar and Starch Metabolism and Inositol Phosphate Metabolism, indicating enhanced resilience to wilt stress. This study highlights unique regulatory proteins and metabolites, offering insights into stress adaptation and guiding genetic interventions for breeding disease-resistant pigeon pea varieties.

豌豆对半干旱地区的农民来说至关重要,但它却因镰刀菌引起的枯萎病而减产。本研究表明,引入水稻草酸氧化酶 4(Osoxo4)基因可显著提高抗枯萎病能力。通过基因表达分析、酶活性测定、生化评估、组织化学染色和体内外生物测定(包括孢子萌发试验),证实了转基因品系的抗性增强。我们进行了蛋白质组学和代谢组学分析,以研究抗性增强的机制。基于 LC-MS/MS 的无标记蛋白质组学对野生感染的转基因豌豆和野生型豌豆叶片进行了鉴定,共鉴定出 2386 个蛋白质,其中 1048 个蛋白质的丰度发生了显著变化--转基因植物中 738 个蛋白质上调,310 个蛋白质下调。值得注意的是,HMG1/2-like 蛋白、Putative nucleosome assembly protein C364.06、DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 3、Lipoxygenase 1、Annexin D1 和 Annexin-like protein RJ4 等蛋白质显著上调,这表明它们在培育抗枯萎品种中可能发挥作用。代谢组分析表明,转基因鸽子豆中氨基酸、糖、草酸、糖醇和肌醇的水平升高,糖和淀粉代谢以及肌醇磷酸代谢的通路上调,表明其对枯萎病胁迫的恢复能力增强。这项研究强调了独特的调控蛋白和代谢物,有助于深入了解胁迫适应性,并为培育抗病鸽子豆品种的遗传干预提供指导。
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引用次数: 0
Outside Front Cover Image 封面外侧图片
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15287
Gaojie Li, Xuyao Zhao, Jingjing Yang, Shiqi Hu, Jathish Ponnu, Seisuke Kimura, Inhwan Hwang, Keiko U. Torii, Hongwei Hou

Outside Front Cover: The cover image is based on the article Water wisteria genome reveals environmental adaptation and heterophylly regulation in amphibious plants by Gaojie Li et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15050.

封面外页:封面图片根据李高杰等人的文章《水紫藤基因组揭示水陆两栖植物的环境适应性和异嗜性调控》(Water Wisteria genome reveals environmental adaptation and heterophylly regulation in amphibious plants)制作,https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15050。
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引用次数: 0
The Multifunctional Anaphase Promoting Complex 7 (APC7) Gene Is Associated With Increased Plant Growth and Improved Resistance to DNA and RNA Viruses. 多功能无丝分裂促进复合体 7 (APC7) 基因与植物生长速度加快以及对 DNA 和 RNA 病毒的抵抗力增强有关。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15248
Bruna Gino de Araújo-Lopes, Marcos Fernando Basso, Thiago Bretz Carvalho, Patrícia Montessoro, Aline Köhn Carneiro, Aline Cunha da Silva, Marcelo de Freitas Lima, Nubia Barbosa Eloy, Fabio Nascimento da Silva, Flávia Thiebaut, Wallace de Paula Bernado, Eliemar Campostrini, Janice de Almeida Engler, Lygia Santiago-Fernandes, Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa, Adriana Silva Hemerly

The anaphase promoting complex 7 (AtAPC7) is an APC/C subunit expressed in different organs of Arabidopsis thaliana and conserved among eukaryotes. A variant of the complete APC7 protein, containing its C-terminal region (named APC-CT), shows a high homology with a tobacco viral replication inhibitor (IVR-like) protein that reduces plant susceptibility to RNA viruses. Here, the role of the AtAPC7 gene was investigated by characterizing Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the full-length AtAPC7 (APC7OE) and the C-terminal portion (APC7-CTOE), by phenotypical, physiological and molecular approaches. APC7OE plants showed improved growth of vegetative organs, earlier flowering and increased photosynthetic efficiency, CO2 assimilation and productivity, compared with Col-0 control plants. Conversely, APC7-CTOE plants showed reduced susceptibility to both RNA and DNA viruses, along with an improvement in plant growth, although not surpassing APC7OE plants. Altogether, the data provide evidence for the role of the AtAPC7 in regulating cell division, expansion and differentiation, accompanied by an increase in photosynthetic capacity, resulting in enhanced plant biomass and seed yield. AtAPC7-CT might reduce growth-defence trade-offs, enabling plants to simultaneously defend themselves while promoting better growth. Our findings highlight the multifunctional role of AtAPC7, unveiling the potential of its orthologous genes as valuable biotechnological tools in important crops.

无丝分裂促进复合体 7(AtAPC7)是拟南芥不同器官中表达的 APC/C 亚基,在真核生物中具有保守性。完整 APC7 蛋白的一个变体(包含其 C 端区域,命名为 APC-CT)与烟草病毒复制抑制剂(IVR-like)蛋白具有高度同源性,后者可降低植物对 RNA 病毒的敏感性。在此,我们通过表型、生理和分子方法,对过量表达全长 AtAPC7(APC7OE)和 C 端部分(APC7-CTOE)的拟南芥植株进行了表征,从而研究了 AtAPC7 基因的作用。与 Col-0 对照植株相比,APC7OE 植株的无性器官生长得到改善,开花期提前,光合效率、二氧化碳同化和生产率提高。相反,APC7-CTOE 植物对 RNA 和 DNA 病毒的敏感性降低,植物生长也有所改善,但没有超过 APC7OE 植物。总之,这些数据证明了 AtAPC7 在调节细胞分裂、扩展和分化方面的作用,同时还提高了光合能力,从而提高了植物的生物量和种子产量。AtAPC7-CT可能会减少生长-防御之间的权衡,使植物在促进更好生长的同时进行自我防御。我们的研究结果突显了 AtAPC7 的多功能作用,揭示了其同源基因作为重要农作物的宝贵生物技术工具的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Inside Front Cover Image 封面内页图片
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15288
Xinxing Yang, Yuan Ma, Jie Chen, Minhua Huang, Mengyuan Qi, Ning Han, Hongwu Bian, Ting Qiu, Qingfeng Yan, Junhui Wang

Inside Front Cover: The cover image is based on the article Sextuple knockouts of a highly conserved and coexpressed AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID gene set confer shade avoidance-like responses in Arabidopsis by Xinxing Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15039.

封面内页:封面图片基于杨新星等人的文章《拟南芥中高度保守和共表达的 AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 基因组的六次基因敲除会产生类似避阴的反应》(Sextuple knockouts of a highly conserved and coexpressed AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID gene set confer shade avoidance-like responses in Arabidopsis),https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15039。
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引用次数: 0
Hyperspectral Leaf Reflectance Detects Interactive Genetic and Environmental Effects on Tree Phenotypes, Enabling Large-Scale Monitoring and Restoration Planning Under Climate Change. 高光谱叶片反射检测遗传和环境对树木表型的交互影响,实现气候变化下的大规模监测和恢复规划。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15263
Jaclyn P M Corbin, Rebecca J Best, Iris J Garthwaite, Hillary F Cooper, Christopher E Doughty, Catherine A Gehring, Kevin R Hultine, Gerard J Allan, Thomas G Whitham

Plants respond to rapid environmental change in ways that depend on both their genetic identity and their phenotypic plasticity, impacting their survival as well as associated ecosystems. However, genetic and environmental effects on phenotype are difficult to quantify across large spatial scales and through time. Leaf hyperspectral reflectance offers a potentially robust approach to map these effects from local to landscape levels. Using a handheld field spectrometer, we analyzed leaf-level hyperspectral reflectance of the foundation tree species Populus fremontii in wild populations and in three 6-year-old experimental common gardens spanning a steep climatic gradient. First, we show that genetic variation among populations and among clonal genotypes is detectable with leaf spectra, using both multivariate and univariate approaches. Spectra predicted population identity with 100% accuracy among trees in the wild, 87%-98% accuracy within a common garden, and 86% accuracy across different environments. Multiple spectral indices of plant health had significant heritability, with genotype accounting for 10%-23% of spectral variation within populations and 14%-48% of the variation across all populations. Second, we found gene by environment interactions leading to population-specific shifts in the spectral phenotype across common garden environments. Spectral indices indicate that genetically divergent populations made unique adjustments to their chlorophyll and water content in response to the same environmental stresses, so that detecting genetic identity is critical to predicting tree response to change. Third, spectral indicators of greenness and photosynthetic efficiency decreased when populations were transferred to growing environments with higher mean annual maximum temperatures relative to home conditions. This result suggests altered physiological strategies further from the conditions to which plants are locally adapted. Transfers to cooler environments had fewer negative effects, demonstrating that plant spectra show directionality in plant performance adjustments. Thus, leaf reflectance data can detect both local adaptation and plastic shifts in plant physiology, informing strategic restoration and conservation decisions by enabling high resolution tracking of genetic and phenotypic changes in response to climate change.

植物对快速环境变化的反应取决于其遗传特性和表型可塑性,从而影响其生存和相关生态系统。然而,遗传和环境对表型的影响很难在大的空间尺度和时间范围内量化。叶片高光谱反射率为绘制从局部到景观层面的这些影响提供了一种潜在的可靠方法。利用手持式野外光谱仪,我们分析了野生种群和三个跨越陡峭气候梯度的有 6 年树龄的普通实验园中基础树种杨树的叶片高光谱反射率。首先,我们利用多变量和单变量方法表明,通过叶光谱可以检测到种群间和克隆基因型间的遗传变异。光谱预测野生树木之间种群身份的准确率为 100%,预测普通花园内种群身份的准确率为 87%-98%,预测不同环境下种群身份的准确率为 86%。植物健康的多个光谱指数具有显著的遗传性,基因型占种群内光谱变异的 10%-23%,占所有种群间变异的 14%-48%。其次,我们发现基因与环境之间的相互作用导致了光谱表型在常见花园环境中的种群特异性变化。光谱指数表明,基因不同的种群在应对相同的环境压力时会对叶绿素和含水量做出独特的调整,因此检测基因特性对于预测树木对变化的反应至关重要。第三,当种群转移到年平均最高温度比原产地条件更高的生长环境时,绿色度和光合效率的光谱指标会下降。这一结果表明,植物的生理策略发生了改变,进一步偏离了其本地适应的条件。转移到温度较低的环境中产生的负面影响较小,这表明植物光谱在植物性能调整方面具有方向性。因此,叶片反射率数据既能检测植物生理的局部适应性,也能检测植物生理的可塑性变化,从而通过高分辨率跟踪基因和表型变化以应对气候变化,为战略性恢复和保护决策提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Unravelling the Molecular Dialogue of Beneficial Microbe-Plant Interactions. 揭开有益微生物与植物相互作用的分子对话。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15245
Ashish K Srivastava, Reema D Singh, Girdhar K Pandey, Prasun K Mukherjee, Christine H Foyer

Plants are an intrinsic part of the soil community, which is comprised of a diverse range of organisms that interact in the rhizosphere through continuous molecular communications. The molecular dialogue within the plant microbiome involves a complex repertoire of primary and secondary metabolites that interact within different liquid matrices and biofilms. Communication functions are likely to involve membrane-less organelles formed by liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins and natural deep eutectic solvents that play a role as alternative media to water. We discuss the chemistry of inter-organism communication and signalling within the biosphere that allows plants to discriminate between harmful, benign and beneficial microorganisms. We summarize current information concerning the chemical repertoire that underpins plant-microbe communication and host-range specificity. We highlight how the regulated production, perception and processing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is used in the communication between plants and microbes and within the communities that shape the soil microbiome.

植物是土壤群落的固有组成部分,土壤群落由多种多样的生物组成,它们在根瘤菌圈中通过持续的分子交流进行互动。植物微生物群落中的分子对话涉及在不同液体基质和生物膜中相互作用的初级和次级代谢物的复杂组合。交流功能很可能涉及蛋白质和天然深共晶溶剂通过液-液相分离形成的无膜细胞器,而天然深共晶溶剂可作为水的替代介质发挥作用。我们讨论了生物圈内生物间通信和信号传递的化学原理,这种原理使植物能够区分有害、良性和有益微生物。我们总结了支持植物与微生物交流和宿主范围特异性的化学物质的现有信息。我们重点介绍了活性氧(ROS)的生产、感知和处理是如何在植物与微生物之间的交流中以及在形成土壤微生物群落的群落中发挥作用的。
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引用次数: 0
Flavonoids Mitigate Nanoplastic Stress in Ginkgo biloba. 类黄酮缓解银杏叶中的纳米塑料应力
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15247
Jiawen Cui, Xiang Li, Quan Gan, Zhaogeng Lu, Yicheng Du, Iqra Noor, Li Wang, Sian Liu, Biao Jin

Microplastics/nanoplastics are a top global environmental concern and have stimulated surging research into plant-nanoplastic interactions. Previous studies have examined the responses of plants to nanoplastic stress at various levels. Plant-specialized (secondary) metabolites play crucial roles in plant responses to environmental stress, whereas their roles in response to nanoplastic stress remain unknown. Here, we systematically examined the physiological and biochemical responses of Ginkgo biloba, a species with robust metabolite-driven defenses, to polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs). PSNPs negatively affected seedling growth and induced phytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and nuclear damage. Notably, PSNPs caused significant flavonoid accumulation, which enhances plant tolerance and detoxification against PSNP stress. To determine whether this finding is universal in plants, we subjected Arabidopsis, poplar, and tomato to PSNP stress and verified the common response of enhanced flavonoids across these species. To further confirm the role of flavonoids, we employed genetic transformation and staining techniques, validating the importance of flavonoids in mitigating excessive oxidative stress induced by NPs. Matrix analysis of transgenic plants with enhanced flavonoids further demonstrated altered downstream pathways, allocating more energy towards resilience against nanoplastic stress. Collectively, our results reveal the flavonoid multifaceted roles in enhancing plant resilience to nanoplastic stress, providing new knowledge about plant responses to nanoplastic contamination.

微塑料/纳米塑料是全球关注的首要环境问题,并激发了对植物-纳米塑料相互作用的大量研究。以往的研究从不同层面考察了植物对纳米塑料压力的反应。植物专化(次生)代谢物在植物对环境胁迫的响应中起着至关重要的作用,而它们在纳米塑料胁迫响应中的作用尚不清楚。在这里,我们系统地研究了银杏(一种具有强大代谢物驱动防御能力的物种)对聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(PSNPs)的生理和生化反应。PSNPs 对幼苗的生长产生了负面影响,并诱发了植物毒性、氧化应激和核损伤。值得注意的是,PSNPs 会导致黄酮类化合物大量积累,从而增强植物对 PSNP 胁迫的耐受性和解毒能力。为了确定这一发现在植物中是否具有普遍性,我们让拟南芥、杨树和番茄承受了PSNP胁迫,并验证了这些物种在类黄酮增强方面的共同反应。为了进一步证实类黄酮的作用,我们采用了基因转化和染色技术,从而验证了类黄酮在减轻NP诱导的过度氧化应激方面的重要性。对具有增强类黄酮的转基因植物进行的基质分析进一步表明,下游途径发生了改变,将更多的能量用于抵御纳米塑料压力。总之,我们的研究结果揭示了类黄酮在增强植物对纳米塑料胁迫的恢复力方面的多方面作用,为植物应对纳米塑料污染提供了新的知识。
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引用次数: 0
Leaf Photosynthetic and Photoprotective Acclimation in the Ultraviolet-A1 and Blue Light Regions Follow a Continuous, Shallow Gradient. 紫外线-A1 和蓝光区域的叶片光合作用和光保护适应性呈现连续的浅梯度。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15256
Xuguang Sun, Elias Kaiser, Leo F M Marcelis, Tao Li

Although blue light is known to produce leaves with high photosynthetic capacity, the role of the blue-adjacent UV-A1 (350-400 nm) in driving leaf photosynthetic acclimation is less studied. Tomato plants were grown under hybrid red and blue (RB; 95/5 μmol m-2 s-1), as well as four treatments in which RB was supplemented with 50 μmol m-2 s-1 peaking at 365, 385, 410 and 450 nm, respectively. Acclimation to 365-450 nm led to a shallow gradient increase in trait values (i.e., photosynthetic capacity, pigmentation and dry mass content) as the peak wavelength increased. Furthermore, both UV-A1 and blue light grown leaves showed efficient photoprotection under high light intensity. When treated plants were transferred to fluctuating light for 5 days, leaves from all treatments showed increases in photosynthetic capacity, which were strongest in RB, followed by additional UV-A1 treatments; RB grown leaves showed reductions in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II, while UV-A1 grown leaves showed increases. We conclude that both UV-A1 and blue light effectively trigger photosynthetic and photoprotective acclimation, the extent of acclimation becoming stronger the longer the peak wavelength is. Acclimatory responses to UV-A1 and blue light are thus not distinct from one another, but follow a continuous gradient.

虽然众所周知蓝光能使叶片具有较高的光合能力,但对邻近蓝光的紫外线-A1(350-400 nm)在推动叶片光合适应方面的作用研究较少。番茄植株在红蓝混合(RB;95/5 μmol m-2 s-1)以及四种处理条件下生长,在这四种处理条件下,RB 分别补充 50 μmol m-2 s-1 峰值为 365、385、410 和 450 纳米的紫外线。适应 365-450 纳米波长后,随着峰值波长的增加,性状值(即光合能力、色素沉积和干物质含量)呈浅梯度增加。此外,在高光照强度下,UV-A1 和蓝光下生长的叶片都表现出高效的光保护作用。将处理过的植物转移到波动光下 5 天后,所有处理的叶片都显示出光合作用能力的提高,其中 RB 处理的光合作用能力最强,其次是 UV-A1 处理;RB 生长的叶片显示出光合系统 II 最大量子产率的降低,而 UV-A1 生长的叶片则显示出光合作用能力的提高。我们的结论是,UV-A1 和蓝光都能有效地引发光合作用和光保护适应,峰值波长越长,适应程度越强。因此,对紫外线-A1 和蓝光的适应性反应并不是相互独立的,而是遵循一个连续的梯度。
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引用次数: 0
GmSTOP1-3 Increases Soybean Manganese Accumulation Under Phosphorus Deficiency by Regulating GmMATE2/13 and GmZIP6/GmIREG3. GmSTOP1-3 通过调控 GmMATE2/13 和 GmZIP6/GmIREG3 增加磷缺乏条件下大豆的锰积累。
IF 6 1区 生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15254
Guoxuan Liu, Qianqian Chen, Dongqian Li, Huafu Mai, Yuming Zhou, Maoxin Lin, Xiaonan Feng, Xiaoying Lin, Xing Lu, Kang Chen, Jiang Tian, Cuiyue Liang

Mineral nutrient deficiencies and metal ion toxicities coexist on acid soils. Phosphorus (P) deficiency in plants is generally accompanied with significant levels of leaf manganese (Mn) accumulation. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underpinning remain unclear. The present study found that P-deficient soybean plants accumulated more Mn compared to P-sufficient ones on acid soils in both field and greenhouse experiments. Meanwhile, both P deficiency and Mn toxicity enhanced the expression of GmSTOP1-3. Over-expressing GmSTOP1-3 enhanced Mn accumulation in transgenic soybean hairy roots, but RNA-interference did not show obvious differences. Moreover, transgenic soybeans with GmSTOP1-3-overexpression showed enhanced root citrate exudation and augmented Mn accumulation. RNA-sequence identified four downstream genes of GmSTOP1-3, including multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (GmMATE2/13) and metal transporter genes (GmZIP6/GmIREG3), which encode plasma membrane proteins. GmSTOP1-3 activated the transcription of these four genes by directly binding to their promoter regions. In addition, both GmZIP6 and GmIREG3 functioned in Mn uptake as manifested by the higher Mn concentration and decreased growth of soybean hairy roots with their overexpression. Taken together, it is suggested that upregulation of GmSTOP1-3 by low P stress on acid soils activates transcripts of GmMATE2/13 and GmZIP6/GmIREG3, which consequently result in enhanced Mn accumulation in soybean.

在酸性土壤中,矿质养分缺乏和金属离子毒性并存。植物磷(P)缺乏通常伴随着叶片锰(Mn)的大量积累。然而,其分子调控机制仍不清楚。本研究发现,在田间和温室实验中,缺磷大豆植株比缺磷大豆植株在酸性土壤中积累更多的锰。同时,缺磷和锰毒性都会增强 GmSTOP1-3 的表达。在转基因大豆毛根中,过表达 GmSTOP1-3 会增强锰的积累,但 RNA 干扰并未显示出明显的差异。此外,过表达 GmSTOP1-3 的转基因大豆表现出根部柠檬酸盐渗出增强和锰积累增加。通过 RNA 序列确定了 GmSTOP1-3 的四个下游基因,包括多药和有毒化合物挤出基因(GmMATE2/13)和金属转运基因(GmZIP6/GmIREG3),这些基因编码质膜蛋白。GmSTOP1-3 通过直接与这四个基因的启动子区域结合,激活了它们的转录。此外,GmZIP6 和 GmIREG3 还具有锰吸收功能,这表现在它们过量表达后,大豆毛根的锰浓度升高,生长速度降低。综上所述,酸性土壤中的低磷胁迫会上调 GmSTOP1-3 激活 GmMATE2/13 和 GmZIP6/GmIREG3 的转录本,从而增强大豆的锰积累。
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Plant, Cell & Environment
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