Impact of Genetic Risk Information for Cardiovascular Disease on Behavioural, Psychological Responses, and Risk Factor Modification: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

Aims: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a significant public health concern, influenced by both genetic susceptibility and lifestyle factors. Integrating genetic risk information into clinical practice shows promise but has yielded mixed results regarding its impact on CVD prevention and management. This systematic review aimed to assess the impact of providing genetic CVD risk information on health behaviours, psychological outcomes, and risk factors.

Methods: Following JBI methodology and PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four electronic databases and two trial registries were searched for randomised controlled trials evaluating the impact of genetic risk information on the CVD risk profile. Data was synthesised using a narrative synthesis approach.

Results: Of the 3,596 articles retrieved, 11 studies were eligible. Genetic risk information showed modest improvements in dietary behaviour but had inconclusive effects on physical activity and medication adherence. Minimal changes in psychological outcomes were noted, including a slight decrease in depression. The impact on traditional risk factors, such as systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol was also limited. Bias across all studies was noted.

Conclusions: Genetic CVD risk information has limited effects on clinical outcomes and psychological factors, despite its potential to encourage some health behaviour changes. These findings suggest that genetic risk information alone may not be sufficient to significantly reduce cardiovascular risk, highlighting the need for further research to better understand its long-term effects.