Neural empathy mechanisms are shared for physical and social pain, and increase from adolescence to older adulthood.

Heather J Ferguson, Martina De Lillo, Camilla Woodrow-Hill, Rebecca Foley, Elisabeth E F Bradford
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Abstract

Empathy is a critical component of social interaction that enables individuals to understand and share the emotions of others. We report a pre-registered experiment in which 240 participants, including adolescents, young adults and older adults, viewed images depicting hands and feet in physically or socially painful situations (vs. non-painful). Empathy was measured using imagined pain ratings and EEG mu suppression. Imagined pain was greater for physical vs. social pain, with young adults showing particular sensitivity to social pain events compared to adolescents and older adults. Mu desynchronisation was greater to pain vs. no-pain situations, but the physical/social context did not modulate pain responses. Brain responses to painful situations increased linearly from adolescence to young and older adulthood. These findings highlight shared activity across the core empathy network for both physical and social pain contexts, and an empathic response that develops over the lifespan with accumulating social experience.

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神经移情机制对身体和社会疼痛具有共通性,并且从青春期到成年期会不断增强。
移情是社会交往的一个重要组成部分,它能让人理解并分享他人的情感。我们报告了一项预先注册的实验,在该实验中,包括青少年、年轻人和老年人在内的 240 名参与者观看了描绘在身体或社会痛苦情况下(与非痛苦情况下)的手和脚的图像。移情使用想象的疼痛评分和脑电图μ抑制进行测量。身体疼痛与社交疼痛相比,想象中的疼痛更大,与青少年和老年人相比,年轻人对社交疼痛事件尤为敏感。疼痛与无疼痛情况下的μ抑制不同步程度更高,但身体/社会环境并不影响疼痛反应。从青少年到青年和老年,大脑对疼痛情境的反应呈线性增长。这些发现突显了身体和社会疼痛情境下核心移情网络的共同活动,以及随着社会经验的积累而在整个生命周期中发展起来的移情反应。
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Brain encoding during perceived control as a prospective predictor of improvement in quality of life. Neural bases of social facilitation and inhibition: how peer presence affects elementary eye movements. Proximity within adolescent peer networks predicts neural similarity during affective experience. Neural empathy mechanisms are shared for physical and social pain, and increase from adolescence to older adulthood. Group empathy for pain is stronger than individual empathy for pain in the auditory modality.
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