Multilevel analysis of land reallocation and carbon emissions through food trade

IF 9.8 1区 社会学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Environmental Impact Assessment Review Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107710
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Abstract

The globalization of food consumption represents that one country mitigate domestic land resources scarcity by trading food. Land for production is actually being reallocated among countries, and the consequent carbon emissions are flowing across regions. However, it remains unclear what the patterns and features of land reallocation and carbon emission at the diverse levels globally. This study applied physical trade flow and agglomerative clustering analysis to elucidate the patterns and connection of land reallocation and carbon emission transfer though food trade from 2001 to 2021. The results show that global land reallocation increased from 1.67 to 3.10 million km2, primarily provided by America. The global land reallocation is classified into five patterns, China is classified as the “dependents” in the global land reallocation patterns, while the United States and Brazil are the “monopolists”. The “suppliers” is comprised of five countries which are the main providers of land reallocation. Fifteen land-reliant countries are classified as “demanders”, while most of countries are classified as “balancers” self-sufficient in land. Carbon emissions from land reallocation have risen by 136 million tons during two decades, with Asia and Europe transfer pollution to South America, and Brazil becoming the largest emitter. Moreover, the arable land, government investment in agriculture and population are the major drivers of embodied carbon emissions. This study underscores the redistributive effects of food trade on land, which is significant for optimizing the global allocation of land resources and achieving the sustainable agriculture.
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通过粮食贸易对土地再分配和碳排放进行多层次分析
粮食消费全球化意味着一个国家通过粮食贸易来缓解国内土地资源稀缺的问题。生产用地实际上正在各国之间重新分配,随之而来的碳排放也在跨区域流动。然而,全球不同层面的土地再分配和碳排放的模式和特征是什么,目前仍不清楚。本研究运用实物贸易流和集聚聚类分析,阐明了2001-2021年粮食贸易中土地再配置与碳排放转移的模式与联系。结果表明,全球土地再分配面积从 167 万平方公里增加到 310 万平方公里,主要由美洲提供。全球土地重新配置分为五种模式,中国是全球土地重新配置模式中的 "依附者",美国和巴西是 "垄断者"。供应国 "由五个国家组成,它们是土地重新配置的主要供应国。15 个依赖土地的国家被归类为 "需求者",而大多数国家被归类为土地自给自足的 "平衡者"。二十年间,土地重新分配产生的碳排放量增加了 1.36 亿吨,亚洲和欧洲将污染转移到南美洲,巴西成为最大的排放国。此外,耕地、政府对农业的投资和人口是体现碳排放的主要驱动因素。这项研究强调了粮食贸易对土地的再分配效应,这对优化全球土地资源配置和实现可持续农业意义重大。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
12.60
自引率
10.10%
发文量
200
审稿时长
33 days
期刊介绍: Environmental Impact Assessment Review is an interdisciplinary journal that serves a global audience of practitioners, policymakers, and academics involved in assessing the environmental impact of policies, projects, processes, and products. The journal focuses on innovative theory and practice in environmental impact assessment (EIA). Papers are expected to present innovative ideas, be topical, and coherent. The journal emphasizes concepts, methods, techniques, approaches, and systems related to EIA theory and practice.
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