Production economics and carbon footprint of an integrated timber harvesting operation in the Northeastern US

IF 8 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Energy nexus Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nexus.2024.100336
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Abstract

Woody biomass has tremendous potential to reduce the reliance on non-renewable energy, however, the high cost, uncertain harvesting carbon footprint, and policies may hinder it from becoming a predominant component of the US renewable energy sector, particularly in the Northeast. The objectives of this study were to a) assess productivity (m3 PMH−1) and cost ($ m−3) of a stump-to-truck integrated timber harvesting operation; b) identify and evaluate major factors affecting operational productivity and cost; and c) quantify carbon footprint of the harvesting operation. Detailed time and motion studies were conducted in a softwood dominated forest stand in upstate New York, during the summer of 2021. Stump-to-truck life cycle assessment (LCA) of roundwood harvesting and wood chips production was quantified using USLCI and US-EI 2.2 databases and TRACI method in Simapro 9.3.0.3 software. The functional units were 1 m3 of green roundwood (50 % moisture content) and 1 tonne of green wood chips (moisture content 50 %). The results showed that the harvesting cost was $12.98 m−3 and $7.40 tonne−1 for roundwood and wood chips, respectively. Grapple skidder had the lowest productivity (m3 PMH−1) and the highest carbon footprint. The carbon footprint of stump-to-truck timber harvesting operation accounted for 0.726 kg CO2 eq m−3 and 0.818 kg CO2 eq tonne−1 for roundwood and wood chips, respectively. The chipping cost was $7.40 tonne−1. The harvesting cost decreased by 4.5 % when self-loading truck was used instead of a loader. Estimating operating cost and carbon footprint of integrated timber harvesting operations is essential to promote the forest residues as a major contributor of bioenergy in the changing scenarios of climate.
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美国东北部木材综合采伐作业的生产经济性和碳足迹
木质生物质能在减少对不可再生能源的依赖方面具有巨大潜力,然而,高昂的成本、不确定的采伐碳足迹以及政策可能会阻碍木质生物质能成为美国可再生能源部门的主要组成部分,尤其是在东北部地区。本研究的目标是:a)评估从树桩到卡车的综合木材采伐作业的生产率(立方米 PMH-1)和成本(立方米美元);b)确定并评估影响作业生产率和成本的主要因素;c)量化采伐作业的碳足迹。2021 年夏季,在纽约州北部以软木为主的林分中进行了详细的时间和运动研究。使用 USLCI 和 US-EI 2.2 数据库以及 Simapro 9.3.0.3 软件中的 TRACI 方法,对圆木采伐和木片生产进行了从树桩到卡车的生命周期评估(LCA)。功能单位为 1 立方米绿色圆木(含水率 50%)和 1 吨绿色木片(含水率 50%)。结果表明,圆木和木片的采伐成本分别为 12.98 美元/立方米和 7.40 美元/吨-1。抓斗滑车的生产率(立方米 PMH-1)最低,碳足迹最高。圆木和木片从树桩到卡车的木材采伐作业的碳足迹分别为 0.726 千克二氧化碳当量立方米-3 和 0.818 千克二氧化碳当量吨-1。削片成本为 7.40 美元/吨-1。使用自卸车而不是装载机时,采伐成本降低了 4.5%。在气候不断变化的情况下,估算木材综合采伐作业的运营成本和碳足迹对于促进森林剩余物成为生物能源的主要来源至关重要。
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来源期刊
Energy nexus
Energy nexus Energy (General), Ecological Modelling, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Water Science and Technology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (General)
CiteScore
7.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
109 days
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