Therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on idiopathic halitosis: a retrospective observational study.

IF 3.7 4区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Journal of breath research Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI:10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e

Ye Kan Li 李烨侃, Fu Yuan Mou 牟福元, Xiao Xian Qian 钱孝先

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Abstract

Idiopathic halitosis is an unusual condition of unclear causes, which has never been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to explore the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic halitosis, and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on this condition. This retrospective observational study included 162 idiopathic halitosis patients and 198 healthy controls (HCs). Halitosis was diagnosed using the organoleptic test, and idiopathic halitosis was diagnosed by excluding known causes. SIBO was identified through the hydrogen/methane lactulose breath test, and accordingly, patients were identified as SIBO-positive or SIBO-negative. Idiopathic halitosis patients were treated with the probiotic preparationBifidobacteriumtriple viable capsule for two months, followed by re-evaluation of halitosis and SIBO. This study found that all cases of idiopathic halitosis were extra-oral. The SIBO positivity rate in idiopathic halitosis patients was significantly higher than that in HCs (74.69% [121/162] vs 3.03% [6/198],P< 0.001), with an odds ratio of 94.44% (95% CI: 39.99%-211.35%). After treatment, 80.17% (97/121) of the SIBO-positive patients became SIBO-negative. Moreover, 87.60% (106/121) of the SIBO-positive patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that observed in SIBO-negative patients (2.75%, 3/41) (P< 0.001). In addition, 98.97% (96/97) of the post-treatment SIBO-negative patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that of post-treatment sustained SIBO-positive patients (41.67%, 10/24) (P< 0.001). Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.

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益生菌制剂对特发性口臭的疗效：一项回顾性观察研究。

特发性口臭是一种原因不明的罕见病症，从未得到过深入研究。我们的目的是探索小肠细菌过度生长（SIBO）在特发性口臭发病机制中的作用，并评估益生菌制剂对这种病症的疗效。这项回顾性观察研究包括162名特发性口臭患者和198名健康对照组（HCs）。口臭通过感官测试（OLT）进行诊断，特发性口臭通过排除已知病因进行诊断。通过氢气/甲烷乳糖呼气试验（LBT）确定 SIBO，并据此将患者确定为 SIBO 阳性或 SIBO 阴性。特发性口臭患者接受为期两个月的益生菌制剂双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗，然后重新评估口臭和 SIBO。这项研究发现，所有特发性口臭病例均为口外病例。特发性口臭患者的 SIBO 阳性率明显高于 HCs（74.69% [121/162] vs. 3.03% [6/198]，P < 0.001），几率比（OR）为 94.44（95% CI：39.99-211.35）。治疗后，80.17%（97/121）的 SIBO 阳性患者转为 SIBO 阴性。此外，87.60%（106/121）的 SIBO 阳性患者口臭有所改善，这一比例明显高于 SIBO 阴性患者（2.75%，3/41）（P < 0.001）。此外，98.97%（96/97）的 SIBO 阴性患者在治疗后口臭有所改善，这一比例明显高于治疗后持续口臭的 SIBO 阳性患者（41.67%，10/24）（P < 0.001）。我们的研究结果表明，特发性口臭是一种口腔外疾病，主要源于小肠。SIBO是其根本原因之一。益生菌制剂能有效改善特发性口臭，可能是通过其对 SIBO 的影响。

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来源期刊

Journal of breath research BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS-RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

21.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Journal of Breath Research is dedicated to all aspects of scientific breath research. The traditional focus is on analysis of volatile compounds and aerosols in exhaled breath for the investigation of exogenous exposures, metabolism, toxicology, health status and the diagnosis of disease and breath odours. The journal also welcomes other breath-related topics. Typical areas of interest include: Big laboratory instrumentation: describing new state-of-the-art analytical instrumentation capable of performing high-resolution discovery and targeted breath research; exploiting complex technologies drawn from other areas of biochemistry and genetics for breath research. Engineering solutions: developing new breath sampling technologies for condensate and aerosols, for chemical and optical sensors, for extraction and sample preparation methods, for automation and standardization, and for multiplex analyses to preserve the breath matrix and facilitating analytical throughput. Measure exhaled constituents (e.g. CO2, acetone, isoprene) as markers of human presence or mitigate such contaminants in enclosed environments. Human and animal in vivo studies: decoding the ''breath exposome'', implementing exposure and intervention studies, performing cross-sectional and case-control research, assaying immune and inflammatory response, and testing mammalian host response to infections and exogenous exposures to develop information directly applicable to systems biology. Studying inhalation toxicology; inhaled breath as a source of internal dose; resultant blood, breath and urinary biomarkers linked to inhalation pathway. Cellular and molecular level in vitro studies. Clinical, pharmacological and forensic applications. Mathematical, statistical and graphical data interpretation.