Pub Date : 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e
Ye Kan Li 李烨侃, Fu Yuan Mou 牟福元, Xiao Xian Qian 钱孝先
Idiopathic halitosis is an unusual condition of unclear causes, which has never been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to explore the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic halitosis, and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on this condition. This retrospective observational study included 162 idiopathic halitosis patients and 198 healthy controls (HCs). Halitosis was diagnosed using the organoleptic test, and idiopathic halitosis was diagnosed by excluding known causes. SIBO was identified through the hydrogen/methane lactulose breath test, and accordingly, patients were identified as SIBO-positive or SIBO-negative. Idiopathic halitosis patients were treated with the probiotic preparationBifidobacteriumtriple viable capsule for two months, followed by re-evaluation of halitosis and SIBO. This study found that all cases of idiopathic halitosis were extra-oral. The SIBO positivity rate in idiopathic halitosis patients was significantly higher than that in HCs (74.69% [121/162] vs 3.03% [6/198],P< 0.001), with an odds ratio of 94.44% (95% CI: 39.99%-211.35%). After treatment, 80.17% (97/121) of the SIBO-positive patients became SIBO-negative. Moreover, 87.60% (106/121) of the SIBO-positive patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that observed in SIBO-negative patients (2.75%, 3/41) (P< 0.001). In addition, 98.97% (96/97) of the post-treatment SIBO-negative patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that of post-treatment sustained SIBO-positive patients (41.67%, 10/24) (P< 0.001). Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.
{"title":"Therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on idiopathic halitosis: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Ye Kan Li 李烨侃, Fu Yuan Mou 牟福元, Xiao Xian Qian 钱孝先","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic halitosis is an unusual condition of unclear causes, which has never been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to explore the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic halitosis, and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on this condition. This retrospective observational study included 162 idiopathic halitosis patients and 198 healthy controls (HCs). Halitosis was diagnosed using the organoleptic test, and idiopathic halitosis was diagnosed by excluding known causes. SIBO was identified through the hydrogen/methane lactulose breath test, and accordingly, patients were identified as SIBO-positive or SIBO-negative. Idiopathic halitosis patients were treated with the probiotic preparation<i>Bifidobacterium</i>triple viable capsule for two months, followed by re-evaluation of halitosis and SIBO. This study found that all cases of idiopathic halitosis were extra-oral. The SIBO positivity rate in idiopathic halitosis patients was significantly higher than that in HCs (74.69% [121/162] vs 3.03% [6/198],<i>P</i>< 0.001), with an odds ratio of 94.44% (95% CI: 39.99%-211.35%). After treatment, 80.17% (97/121) of the SIBO-positive patients became SIBO-negative. Moreover, 87.60% (106/121) of the SIBO-positive patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that observed in SIBO-negative patients (2.75%, 3/41) (<i>P</i>< 0.001). In addition, 98.97% (96/97) of the post-treatment SIBO-negative patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that of post-treatment sustained SIBO-positive patients (41.67%, 10/24) (<i>P</i>< 0.001). Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7
Guangzhao Guan, Vicky Tjhang, Sally Sun, Ajith Polonowita, Li Mei
Aim: To investigate the halitosis level in oral lichen planus (OLP) participants and OLP-free participants.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 70 participants at the New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry. Halitosis was determined using the objective measurements (parts per billion [ppb] volatile sulphur compounds [VSCs] in the exhaled air) and subjective measurement (self-reported halitosis questionnaire).
Results: The VSCs values of OLP participants (mean ± SD: 144.64 ± 23.85 ppb) were significantly greater than that in the OLP-free participants (105.52 ± 22.31ppb) (mean difference: 39.12 ppb; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 27.95, 50.29). The VSCs value of hyperplastic (mean difference: 34.11; 95% CI: 20.07, 48.15; p<0.05) and erosive/ulcerative (mean difference: 57.47; 95% CI: 34.19, 80.76; p<0.05) OLP participants were statistically greater than that of OLP-free participants. No statistical significance was found between hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP (p>0.05). "Type (OLP-free/OLP)" has a significant effect on the dependent variable (VSCs). 78.6% of OLP and 90.5% of OLP-free brushed their teeth at least twice daily, with a statistically significant observation (Mean square: 1.61; F: 13.13; p<0.05).
Conclusions: The levels of VSCs were greater in participants with hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP than that in the OLP-free participants.
.
{"title":"Halitosis in oral lichen planus patients.","authors":"Guangzhao Guan, Vicky Tjhang, Sally Sun, Ajith Polonowita, Li Mei","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the halitosis level in oral lichen planus (OLP) participants and OLP-free participants.
Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 70 participants at the New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry. Halitosis was determined using the objective measurements (parts per billion [ppb] volatile sulphur compounds [VSCs] in the exhaled air) and subjective measurement (self-reported halitosis questionnaire).
Results: The VSCs values of OLP participants (mean ± SD: 144.64 ± 23.85 ppb) were significantly greater than that in the OLP-free participants (105.52 ± 22.31ppb) (mean difference: 39.12 ppb; p < 0.05; 95% CI: 27.95, 50.29). The VSCs value of hyperplastic (mean difference: 34.11; 95% CI: 20.07, 48.15; p<0.05) and erosive/ulcerative (mean difference: 57.47; 95% CI: 34.19, 80.76; p<0.05) OLP participants were statistically greater than that of OLP-free participants. No statistical significance was found between hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP (p>0.05). \"Type (OLP-free/OLP)\" has a significant effect on the dependent variable (VSCs). 78.6% of OLP and 90.5% of OLP-free brushed their teeth at least twice daily, with a statistically significant observation (Mean square: 1.61; F: 13.13; p<0.05).
Conclusions: The levels of VSCs were greater in participants with hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP than that in the OLP-free participants. 
.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7c
Sylvia L Santos, Caterina Holz, Kimberly L Milleman, Jeffery L Milleman, Wenqian Gu, Luis R Mateo
Oral malodor negatively impacts a person's quality of life and may affect up to 50% of the population. The aim of this randomized, placebo and no-product controlled, evaluator-blind, proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the single use of two experimental lozenges containing the laccase enzyme and green coffee extract (with and without flavor) in reducing intrinsic oral malodor. Following 12 to 16 h of avoidance of oral hygiene,156 generally healthy subjects presented at screening and baseline visits with a mean organoleptic odor intensity (OI) score of ≥ 2 and an OralChromaTMreading of ≥ 125 parts per billion (ppb) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas and were randomly assigned to receive either one of the two experimental lozenges, a placebo lozenge, or no-product. Following the supervised use of the assigned products, subjects' oral malodor was evaluated using OI assessments and OralChromaTMmeasurement for volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) immediately following product use (approximately 5 min), and at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h. The two experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, showed significant reductions in OI scores compared with the placebo and no-product groups at all time points (p < 0.001). At 5 minutes post-product use, the experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, were significantly better than the no-product group in reducing the VSCs (p < 0.04). The results of individual VSC components (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were variable; both experimental lozenges notably reduced hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels in most post-use assessments. Four minor adverse events were reported, none of which were directly linked to the product. In conclusion, the experimental lozenges, whether flavored or not, were safe and effective in reducing oral malodor over a span of 4 h, based on organoleptic OI scores.
NCT05950529.
{"title":"Effectiveness of a combination of laccase and green coffee extract on oral malodor: A comparative, randomized, controlled, evaluator-blind, parallel-group trial.","authors":"Sylvia L Santos, Caterina Holz, Kimberly L Milleman, Jeffery L Milleman, Wenqian Gu, Luis R Mateo","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral malodor negatively impacts a person's quality of life and may affect up to 50% of the population. The aim of this randomized, placebo and no-product controlled, evaluator-blind, proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the single use of two experimental lozenges containing the laccase enzyme and green coffee extract (with and without flavor) in reducing intrinsic oral malodor. Following 12 to 16 h of avoidance of oral hygiene,156 generally healthy subjects presented at screening and baseline visits with a mean organoleptic odor intensity (OI) score of ≥ 2 and an OralChroma<sup>TM</sup>reading of ≥ 125 parts per billion (ppb) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas and were randomly assigned to receive either one of the two experimental lozenges, a placebo lozenge, or no-product. Following the supervised use of the assigned products, subjects' oral malodor was evaluated using OI assessments and OralChroma<sup>TM</sup>measurement for volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) immediately following product use (approximately 5 min), and at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h. The two experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, showed significant reductions in OI scores compared with the placebo and no-product groups at all time points (p < 0.001). At 5 minutes post-product use, the experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, were significantly better than the no-product group in reducing the VSCs (p < 0.04). The results of individual VSC components (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were variable; both experimental lozenges notably reduced hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels in most post-use assessments. Four minor adverse events were reported, none of which were directly linked to the product. In conclusion, the experimental lozenges, whether flavored or not, were safe and effective in reducing oral malodor over a span of 4 h, based on organoleptic OI scores.
NCT05950529.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7d
Michal Wagner, Saliha Saad, Anthony J Killard
The measurement of trace breath gases is of growing interest for its potential to provide non-invasive physiological information in health and disease. While instrumental techniques such as selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) can achieve this, these are less suitable for clinical application. Sensitive sensor-based systems for breath ammonia could be more widely deployed, but have proven challenging to develop. This work demonstrates the sequential analytical validation of an electrochemical impedance-based sensor system for the measurement of ammonia in breath using SIFT-MS. Qualitative and relative responses between the two methods were comparable, although there were consistent differences in absolute concentration. When tested in artificial breath ammonia, sensors had a relative impedance sensitivity of 3.43x10-5ppbv-1for each breath in the range of 249 to 1,653 ppbv (r2=0.87,p<0.05). When correlated with SIFT-MS using human breath (n=14), ammonia was detected in the range of 100 to 700 ppbv (r=0.78,p<0.001), demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, reproducibility and dynamic range for clinical application.
{"title":"Validation of a sensor system for the measurement of breath ammonia using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry.","authors":"Michal Wagner, Saliha Saad, Anthony J Killard","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The measurement of trace breath gases is of growing interest for its potential to provide non-invasive physiological information in health and disease. While instrumental techniques such as selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) can achieve this, these are less suitable for clinical application. Sensitive sensor-based systems for breath ammonia could be more widely deployed, but have proven challenging to develop. This work demonstrates the sequential analytical validation of an electrochemical impedance-based sensor system for the measurement of ammonia in breath using SIFT-MS. Qualitative and relative responses between the two methods were comparable, although there were consistent differences in absolute concentration. When tested in artificial breath ammonia, sensors had a relative impedance sensitivity of 3.43x10<sup>-5</sup>ppbv<sup>-1</sup>for each breath in the range of 249 to 1,653 ppbv (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>=0.87,<i>p</i><0.05). When correlated with SIFT-MS using human breath (<i>n</i>=14), ammonia was detected in the range of 100 to 700 ppbv (<i>r</i>=0.78,<i>p</i><0.001), demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, reproducibility and dynamic range for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad89f0
E Sanmark, P Marjanen, J Virtanen, K Aaltonen, S Tauriainen, P Österlund, M Mäkelä, S Saari, A Roine, T Rönkkö, V A Vartiainen
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human respiratory cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of modern technology. Analysis of exhaled breath or indoor air may potentially play an important role in screening of upper respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19 or influenza in the future. In this experimental study, air samples were collected and analyzed from the headspace of anin vitrocell culture infected by selected pathogens (influenza A H1N1 and seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and NL63). VOCs were measured with a real-time proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a differential mobility spectrometer. Measurements were performed every 12 h for 7 d. Non-infected cells and cell culture media served as references. In H1N1 and OC43 we observed four different VOCs which peaked during the infection. Different, individual VOCs were also observed in both infections. Activity began to clearly increase after 2 d in all analyses. We did not see increased VOC production in cells infected with NL63. VOC analysis seems to be suitable to differentiate the infected cells from those which are not infected as well as different viruses, from another. In the future, this could have practical value in both individual diagnostics and indoor environment screening.
{"title":"Identifying viral infections through analysis of head space volatile organic compounds.","authors":"E Sanmark, P Marjanen, J Virtanen, K Aaltonen, S Tauriainen, P Österlund, M Mäkelä, S Saari, A Roine, T Rönkkö, V A Vartiainen","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad89f0","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad89f0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human respiratory cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of modern technology. Analysis of exhaled breath or indoor air may potentially play an important role in screening of upper respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19 or influenza in the future. In this experimental study, air samples were collected and analyzed from the headspace of an<i>in vitro</i>cell culture infected by selected pathogens (influenza A H1N1 and seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and NL63). VOCs were measured with a real-time proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a differential mobility spectrometer. Measurements were performed every 12 h for 7 d. Non-infected cells and cell culture media served as references. In H1N1 and OC43 we observed four different VOCs which peaked during the infection. Different, individual VOCs were also observed in both infections. Activity began to clearly increase after 2 d in all analyses. We did not see increased VOC production in cells infected with NL63. VOC analysis seems to be suitable to differentiate the infected cells from those which are not infected as well as different viruses, from another. In the future, this could have practical value in both individual diagnostics and indoor environment screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad89ef
Zaid Al-Difaie, Max Scheepers, Sanne Engelen, Tim Lubbers, Bas Havekes, Nicole Bouvy
Background
Distinguishing between malignant and benign thyroid nodules remains a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers globally. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a novel approach in cancer diagnosis. This prospective pilot study aims to identify VOCs in exhaled breath, blood, and urine that can differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS).
Methods
Patients with thyroid nodules scheduled for surgery were enrolled at the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+). Breath samples were analyzed using a BreathSpec GC-IMS machine (G.A.S. Dortmund, Germany), specifically designed for breath analysis. All blood and urine samples were analyzed with a separate GC-IMS device, the FlavourSpec® (G.A.S., Dortmund, Germany).
Results
In this proof-of-concept study, 70 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at MUMC+ were consecutively included. Of these patients, 29 were confirmed to have thyroid cancer after surgical resection. The overall analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in VOCs in breath, urine and blood, between patients with benign and malignant thyroid cancer.
Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that GC-IMS was unable to adequately distinguish between the VOC profiles of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, this study had a small sample size and future larger studies are needed to investigate the potential of using VOCs to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Furthermore, future research should focus on investigating potential confounders that affect patient VOC profiles.
(NCT04883294)
.
{"title":"Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath, Blood, and Urine Detected in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma Using Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry- A Pilot Study.","authors":"Zaid Al-Difaie, Max Scheepers, Sanne Engelen, Tim Lubbers, Bas Havekes, Nicole Bouvy","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad89ef","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad89ef","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background
Distinguishing between malignant and benign thyroid nodules remains a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers globally. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a novel approach in cancer diagnosis. This prospective pilot study aims to identify VOCs in exhaled breath, blood, and urine that can differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS).
Methods
Patients with thyroid nodules scheduled for surgery were enrolled at the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+). Breath samples were analyzed using a BreathSpec GC-IMS machine (G.A.S. Dortmund, Germany), specifically designed for breath analysis. All blood and urine samples were analyzed with a separate GC-IMS device, the FlavourSpec® (G.A.S., Dortmund, Germany).
Results 
In this proof-of-concept study, 70 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at MUMC+ were consecutively included. Of these patients, 29 were confirmed to have thyroid cancer after surgical resection. The overall analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in VOCs in breath, urine and blood, between patients with benign and malignant thyroid cancer. 
Conclusion
This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that GC-IMS was unable to adequately distinguish between the VOC profiles of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, this study had a small sample size and future larger studies are needed to investigate the potential of using VOCs to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Furthermore, future research should focus on investigating potential confounders that affect patient VOC profiles.
(NCT04883294)
.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad80b6
Lutea A A de Jong, Erik J H Olyslager, Jan A Wieferink, Maarten Keizer, Tobias Cornielje, Robbert P Zuidema
For decades, intake monitoring of drugs using urine as the matrix of choice is the gold standard in drug treatment centers. A properly conducted urine drug test can identify recent use of prescribed, non-prescribed and illicit drugs. However, issues like adulteration, substitution and privacy issues have driven the search for alternative matrices. This prospective pilot study evaluates the use of an impaction-based breath sampling device, Breath Explor®, as an alternative to traditional urine-based drug monitoring. Breath samples were analyzed using a validated 32-component liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Recovery data represent the efficiency of extracting the analytes from the breath devices. Both automated and manual processing of the Breath Explor® devices showed mean recovery rates ranging from 39.5% to 55.4% for the 32 analytes. Despite the small number of subjects, breath analysis proved to be a convenient and easy-to-use methodology. An overall kappa-values of 0.5 indicated a moderate level of agreement with urine analysis, underscoring its potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. All participants tested positive in their breath sample for methadone (70% methadone and 100% EDDP), while a significant portion (90%) tested positive for 6-monoacetylmorphine. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including non-invasiveness, reduced risk of adulteration, and the ability to perfom repeated automated sampling and confirmation testing. These findings suggest that breath-based substance monitoring could complement or even replace traditional urine-based methods in clinical practice.
{"title":"Impaction-based exhaled breath sampling for substance monitoring: a prospective pilot study (Drugxhale).","authors":"Lutea A A de Jong, Erik J H Olyslager, Jan A Wieferink, Maarten Keizer, Tobias Cornielje, Robbert P Zuidema","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad80b6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad80b6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades, intake monitoring of drugs using urine as the matrix of choice is the gold standard in drug treatment centers. A properly conducted urine drug test can identify recent use of prescribed, non-prescribed and illicit drugs. However, issues like adulteration, substitution and privacy issues have driven the search for alternative matrices. This prospective pilot study evaluates the use of an impaction-based breath sampling device, Breath Explor<sup>®</sup>, as an alternative to traditional urine-based drug monitoring. Breath samples were analyzed using a validated 32-component liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Recovery data represent the efficiency of extracting the analytes from the breath devices. Both automated and manual processing of the Breath Explor® devices showed mean recovery rates ranging from 39.5% to 55.4% for the 32 analytes. Despite the small number of subjects, breath analysis proved to be a convenient and easy-to-use methodology. An overall kappa-values of 0.5 indicated a moderate level of agreement with urine analysis, underscoring its potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. All participants tested positive in their breath sample for methadone (70% methadone and 100% EDDP), while a significant portion (90%) tested positive for 6-monoacetylmorphine. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including non-invasiveness, reduced risk of adulteration, and the ability to perfom repeated automated sampling and confirmation testing. These findings suggest that breath-based substance monitoring could complement or even replace traditional urine-based methods in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad7eef
Tao Chen, Mengqi Jin, Liqing Chen, Xi Xuan Cai, Yilin Huang, Keqing Shen, Yi Li, Xing Chen, Liying Chen
Depression is a pervasive and often undetected mental health condition, which poses significant challenges for early diagnosis due to its silent and subtle nature. To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of depression using a virtual surface acoustic wave sensors array (VSAW-SA). A total of 245 participants were recruited from the Hangzhou Community Health Service Center, including 38 individuals diagnosed with depression and 207 control subjects. Breath samples were collected from all participants and subjected to analysis using VSAW-SA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship between VOCs and depression. The findings revealed that the responses of virtual sensor ID 14, 44, 59, and 176, which corresponded respectively to ethanol, trichloroethylene or isoleucine, octanoic acid or lysine, and an unidentified compound, were sensitive to depression. Taking into account potential confounders, these sensor responses were utilized to calculate a depression detection indicator. It has a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 81.6%, with an area under the curve of 0.870 (95% CI = 0.816-0.923). Conclusions: exhaled VOCs as non-invasive biomarkers of depression could be detected by a VSAW-SA. Large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the potential ability of the VSAW-SA to diagnose depression.
{"title":"Rapid detection of depression by volatile organic compounds from exhalation.","authors":"Tao Chen, Mengqi Jin, Liqing Chen, Xi Xuan Cai, Yilin Huang, Keqing Shen, Yi Li, Xing Chen, Liying Chen","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7eef","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7eef","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression is a pervasive and often undetected mental health condition, which poses significant challenges for early diagnosis due to its silent and subtle nature. To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of depression using a virtual surface acoustic wave sensors array (VSAW-SA). A total of 245 participants were recruited from the Hangzhou Community Health Service Center, including 38 individuals diagnosed with depression and 207 control subjects. Breath samples were collected from all participants and subjected to analysis using VSAW-SA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship between VOCs and depression. The findings revealed that the responses of virtual sensor ID 14, 44, 59, and 176, which corresponded respectively to ethanol, trichloroethylene or isoleucine, octanoic acid or lysine, and an unidentified compound, were sensitive to depression. Taking into account potential confounders, these sensor responses were utilized to calculate a depression detection indicator. It has a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 81.6%, with an area under the curve of 0.870 (95% CI = 0.816-0.923). Conclusions: exhaled VOCs as non-invasive biomarkers of depression could be detected by a VSAW-SA. Large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the potential ability of the VSAW-SA to diagnose depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad836d
Danial Abu Shkara, Yoav Keynan, Shay Brikman, Guy Dori
Patients with respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19, antimicrobial resistant bacteria) discharge pathogens to the environment, exposing healthcare workers and inpatients to deleterious complications. This study tested the performance of SPEAR-P1 (synchronized personal exhaled air removal system - prototype 1), which actively detects expiration and removes exhaled air using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask connected to a deep vacuum generating unit (DVGU). Fourteen healthy examinees practiced breathing through facemasks at 30, 25 and 20 breaths per minute; oxygen and nebulized saline were added at later steps. To test the efficacy of removing exhaled air, CO2 was used as a proxy and its level was measured from the outer surface of the open facemask. Compared to the baseline recording, SPEAR-P1 reduced CO2 escaping from the facemask by 66% on average for all study steps and respiratory rates (p<0.001), reaching 85.55% on average at 20 breaths per minute (p<0.001). This study shows that removing exhaled air from examinees using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask is feasible. Future development of this system will enhance its efficacy and provide a method to remove a patient's contaminating aerosol without the need to "seal" the patient, especially in settings where isolation rooms are not readily available.
{"title":"A Novel System for Removing Examinee's Exhaled Air Using an Open, Lightweight Non-Sealing Facemask - a Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Danial Abu Shkara, Yoav Keynan, Shay Brikman, Guy Dori","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad836d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad836d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19, antimicrobial resistant bacteria) discharge pathogens to the environment, exposing healthcare workers and inpatients to deleterious complications. This study tested the performance of SPEAR-P1 (synchronized personal exhaled air removal system - prototype 1), which actively detects expiration and removes exhaled air using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask connected to a deep vacuum generating unit (DVGU). Fourteen healthy examinees practiced breathing through facemasks at 30, 25 and 20 breaths per minute; oxygen and nebulized saline were added at later steps. To test the efficacy of removing exhaled air, CO2 was used as a proxy and its level was measured from the outer surface of the open facemask. Compared to the baseline recording, SPEAR-P1 reduced CO2 escaping from the facemask by 66% on average for all study steps and respiratory rates (p<0.001), reaching 85.55% on average at 20 breaths per minute (p<0.001). This study shows that removing exhaled air from examinees using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask is feasible. Future development of this system will enhance its efficacy and provide a method to remove a patient's contaminating aerosol without the need to \"seal\" the patient, especially in settings where isolation rooms are not readily available.</p>","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occupational asthma (OA) is divided into allergic asthma (AA) and irritant-induced asthma (IIA). IIA can be divided further into three different phenotypic subtypes. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can reflect metabolic changes in the body, and a wide range of them have been associated with various diseases in the last two decades. This is the first known study to explore breath VOCs in subjects with OA, aimed to identify potential biomarkers to distinguish OA from healthy controls, as well as between different OA subgroups. In a cross-sectional investigation, exhaled breath from 40 patients with OA and 45 respiratory healthy healthcare workers were collected with ReCIVA® Breath Sampler. Samples were analyzed through an untargeted approach using thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), and VOCs were identified according to tier classification. The data underwent analysis using both non-parametric and parametric statistical methods. 536 VOCs were identified. Significance (p<0.05) was observed in several emitted VOCs. Among these, compounds such as 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, xylene, phenol, acetone, 3-methylhexane, methylcyclohexane, and isoprene have biological implications or are associated with exposures linked to OA. These VOCs may reflect metabolic changes in the body and the microbiome, as well as external exposures due to occupation.
In particular, 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, xylene and phenol are associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mechanisms that can be linked to asthmatic diseases and therefore suggests its potential as biomarkers. This study demonstrates that VOCs detected in exhaled breath could serve as indicators of occupational exposure and enhance diagnostic accuracy for asthma.
.
职业性哮喘(OA)分为过敏性哮喘(AA)和刺激性哮喘(IIA)。IIA 又可分为三种不同的表型亚型。呼出气体中的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)可以反映人体的新陈代谢变化,在过去二十年中,有多种挥发性有机化合物与各种疾病相关。这是第一项对患有 OA 的受试者进行呼出气体挥发性有机化合物检测的已知研究,旨在确定潜在的生物标志物,以区分 OA 和健康对照组,以及不同 OA 亚组之间的差异。在一项横断面调查中,研究人员使用 ReCIVA® 呼吸采样器收集了 40 名 OA 患者和 45 名呼吸系统健康的医护人员的呼出气体。采用热脱附-气相色谱质谱法(TD-GC-MS)对样本进行了非靶向分析,并根据等级分类确定了挥发性有机化合物。使用非参数和参数统计方法对数据进行了分析。共鉴定出 536 种挥发性有机化合物。在几种排放的挥发性有机化合物中观察到了显著性(p<0.05)。其中,1-十六烷醇、2,3-丁二醇、二甲苯、苯酚、丙酮、3-甲基己烷、甲基环己烷和异戊二烯等化合物对生物有影响,或与 OA 暴露有关。特别是,1-十六醇、2,3-丁二醇、二甲苯和苯酚与烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)的减少和活性氧(ROS)的产生有关,这些机制可能与哮喘疾病有关,因此表明它们有可能成为生物标记物。这项研究表明,呼出气体中检测到的挥发性有机化合物可以作为职业暴露的指标,并提高哮喘诊断的准确性。
{"title":"Exploring exhaled breath volatile organic compounds in occupational asthma: A pilot cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hilde Heiro,Tonje Trulssen Hildre,Amy Craster,Liam Grimmett,Matteo Tardelli,Bato Hammarström","doi":"10.1088/1752-7163/ad7b6a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ad7b6a","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational asthma (OA) is divided into allergic asthma (AA) and irritant-induced asthma (IIA). IIA can be divided further into three different phenotypic subtypes. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath can reflect metabolic changes in the body, and a wide range of them have been associated with various diseases in the last two decades. This is the first known study to explore breath VOCs in subjects with OA, aimed to identify potential biomarkers to distinguish OA from healthy controls, as well as between different OA subgroups. In a cross-sectional investigation, exhaled breath from 40 patients with OA and 45 respiratory healthy healthcare workers were collected with ReCIVA® Breath Sampler. Samples were analyzed through an untargeted approach using thermal desorption-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), and VOCs were identified according to tier classification. The data underwent analysis using both non-parametric and parametric statistical methods. 536 VOCs were identified. Significance (p<0.05) was observed in several emitted VOCs. Among these, compounds such as 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, xylene, phenol, acetone, 3-methylhexane, methylcyclohexane, and isoprene have biological implications or are associated with exposures linked to OA. These VOCs may reflect metabolic changes in the body and the microbiome, as well as external exposures due to occupation.
In particular, 1-hexadecanol, 2,3-butanediol, xylene and phenol are associated with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mechanisms that can be linked to asthmatic diseases and therefore suggests its potential as biomarkers. This study demonstrates that VOCs detected in exhaled breath could serve as indicators of occupational exposure and enhance diagnostic accuracy for asthma.
.","PeriodicalId":15306,"journal":{"name":"Journal of breath research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}