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Correlations between Propofol Concentration in Exhaled Breath and BIS in Patients undergoing Thyroid Surgery. 甲状腺手术患者呼出气体中丙泊酚浓度与 BIS 之间的相关性
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad9496
Xiaoxiao Li, Pan Chang, Xing Liu, Zhongjun Zhao, Yixiang Duan, Wensheng Zhang

Several clinical studies have reported promising correlations between propofol concentration in exhaled breath (Ce-pro) and the bispectral index (BIS) in patients, suggesting the potential of exhaled propofol measurement as a non-invasive method for adjusting anesthesia depth. However, these studies are still in the validation phase of instrument effectiveness, often limited by small sample sizes or inappropriate instrument selection, and thus lack convincing results regarding these correlations. In this study, one hundred patients aged 18-65, undergoing elective thyroid surgery under general anesthesia were included. The vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) was employed to monitor Ce-pro at 20-second intervals, alongside continuous BIS measurement. The association between Ce-pro and BIS was analyzed using linear mixed-effects models, with marginal R² used to assess the correlation. The threshold of Ce-pro at awakening was also explored. Additionally, the univariate and multifactorial diagnostic model, including end-of-surgery Ce-pro, were employed to assess the accuracy of predicting delayed recovery. A weak correlation was observed between intraoperative Ce-pro and BIS (marginal R2 = 0.348). Predictive models utilising end-of-surgery Ce-pro levels showed good accuracy (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.89, P = 0.003) in predicting delayed recovery, while the model using end-of-surgery Ce-pro combined with gender, sufentanil dosage, the time from the last administration of sufentanil to the end of surgery, and anesthesia duration demonstrated stronger predicting accuracy (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.85 to 0.98, P < 0.001). This study suggests that Ce-pro alone may not reliably predict the depth of anesthesia in clinical practice, but shows promising accuracy in predicting delayed recovery from anesthesia. Clinical trial number: ChiCTR2300074605 Keywords: Propofol; Exhaled Breath; BIS; Correlation.

有几项临床研究报告称,患者呼出气体中的异丙酚浓度(Ce-pro)与双频谱指数(BIS)之间存在良好的相关性,这表明呼出异丙酚测量作为调整麻醉深度的无创方法具有潜力。然而,这些研究仍处于仪器有效性的验证阶段,往往受到样本量小或仪器选择不当的限制,因此在这些相关性方面缺乏令人信服的结果。本研究纳入了 100 名年龄在 18-65 岁之间、在全身麻醉下接受择期甲状腺手术的患者。研究人员采用真空紫外(VUV)光离子化和飞行时间质谱(TOF MS)技术,以 20 秒为间隔监测 Ce-pro,同时连续测量 BIS。使用线性混合效应模型分析了 Ce-pro 与 BIS 之间的关联,并使用边际 R² 评估了相关性。同时还探讨了唤醒时 Ce-pro 的阈值。此外,还采用了单变量和多因素诊断模型(包括手术结束时的 Ce-pro)来评估预测延迟恢复的准确性。术中 Ce-pro 与 BIS 之间存在微弱的相关性(边际 R2 = 0.348)。利用手术结束时 Ce-pro 水平的预测模型在预测延迟恢复方面显示出良好的准确性(AUC = 0.75,95% CI:0.62 至 0.89,P = 0.003),而利用手术结束时 Ce-pro 与性别、舒芬太尼剂量、最后一次使用舒芬太尼到手术结束的时间以及麻醉持续时间相结合的模型则显示出更高的预测准确性(AUC = 0.91,95% CI:0.85 至 0.98,P < 0.001)。这项研究表明,在临床实践中,单独使用Ce-pro可能无法可靠地预测麻醉深度,但在预测麻醉延迟恢复方面却显示出了良好的准确性:ChiCTR2300074605 Keywords:丙泊酚 呼气 BIS 相关性
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引用次数: 0
Halitosis in oral lichen planus patients. 口腔扁平苔藓患者的口臭。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8ee7
Guangzhao Guan, Vicky Tjhang, Sally Sun, Ajith Polonowita, Li Mei

To investigate the halitosis level in oral lichen planus (OLP) patients and OLP-free participants. This cross-sectional study recruited 70 participants at the New Zealand's National Centre for Dentistry. Halitosis was determined using the objective measurements (parts per billion (ppb) volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) in the exhaled air) and subjective measurement (self-reported halitosis questionnaire). The VSCs values of OLP participants (mean ± SD: 144.64 ± 23.85 ppb) were significantly greater than that in the OLP-free participants (105.52 ± 22.31ppb) (mean difference: 39.12 ppb;p< 0.05; 95% CI: 27.95, 50.29). The VSCs value of hyperplastic (mean difference: 34.11; 95% CI: 20.07, 48.15;p< 0.05) and erosive/ulcerative (mean difference: 57.47; 95% CI: 34.19, 80.76;p< 0.05) OLP participants were statistically greater than that of OLP-free participants. No statistical significance was found between hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP (p> 0.05). 'Type (OLP-free/OLP)' has a significant effect on the dependent variable VSCs. 78.6% of OLP and 90.5% of OLP-free brushed their teeth at least twice daily, with a statistically significant observation (Mean square: 1.61; F: 13.13;p< 0.05). The levels of VSCs were greater in participants with hyperplastic and erosive/ulcerative OLP than that in the OLP-free participants.

目的:调查口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)患者和无OLP患者的口臭程度:这项横断面研究在新西兰国家牙科中心招募了70名参与者。口臭通过客观测量(呼出空气中的十亿分之挥发性硫化合物[VSCs])和主观测量(口臭自我报告问卷)来确定:OLP参与者的VSCs值(平均值±标准差:144.64±23.85ppb)明显高于无OLP参与者的VSCs值(105.52±22.31ppb)(平均值差异:39.12ppb;P < 0.05;95% CI:27.95,50.29)。增生的 VSCs 值(平均差异:34.11;95% CI:20.07,48.15;P0.05)。"类型(无 OLP/有 OLP)"对因变量(VSCs)有显著影响。78.6%的 OLP 和 90.5%的无 OLP 每天至少刷牙两次,这在统计学上具有显著意义(均方差:1.61;F:13.05;P:0.05):1.61; F: 13.13; p
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引用次数: 0
Validation of a sensor system for the measurement of breath ammonia using selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry. 利用选择离子流管质谱法验证测量呼气氨的传感器系统。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7d
Michal Wagner, Saliha Saad, Anthony J Killard

The measurement of trace breath gases is of growing interest for its potential to provide non-invasive physiological information in health and disease. While instrumental techniques such as selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) can achieve this, these are less suitable for clinical application. Sensitive sensor-based systems for breath ammonia could be more widely deployed, but have proven challenging to develop. This work demonstrates the sequential analytical validation of an electrochemical impedance-based sensor system for the measurement of ammonia in breath using SIFT-MS. Qualitative and relative responses between the two methods were comparable, although there were consistent differences in absolute concentration. When tested in artificial breath ammonia, sensors had a relative impedance sensitivity of 3.43 × 10-5ppbv-1for each breath in the range of 249-1653 ppbv (r2= 0.87,p< 0.05). When correlated with SIFT-MS using human breath (n= 14), ammonia was detected in the range of 100-700 ppbv (r= 0.78,p< 0.001), demonstrating acceptable sensitivity, reproducibility and dynamic range for clinical application.

痕量呼出气体测量因其可提供健康和疾病方面的非侵入性生理信息而日益受到关注。虽然选择离子流管质谱法(SIFT-MS)等仪器技术可以实现这一目标,但这些技术不太适合临床应用。基于灵敏传感器的呼气氨检测系统可以得到更广泛的应用,但开发难度很大。这项研究展示了使用 SIFT-MS 测量呼气中氨的电化学阻抗传感器系统的连续分析验证。两种方法的定性和相对反应相当,但绝对浓度存在一致的差异。在人工呼气氨测试中,传感器的相对阻抗灵敏度为 3.43x10-5ppbv-1,每次呼气的氨浓度范围为 249-1,653 ppbv(r2=0.87,pn=14),氨的检测浓度范围为 100-700 ppbv(r=0.78,pn=14)。
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引用次数: 0
Therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on idiopathic halitosis: a retrospective observational study. 益生菌制剂对特发性口臭的疗效:一项回顾性观察研究。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7e
Ye Kan Li, Fu Yuan Mou, Xiao Xian Qian

Idiopathic halitosis is an unusual condition of unclear causes, which has never been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to explore the role of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in the pathogenesis of idiopathic halitosis, and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic preparation on this condition. This retrospective observational study included 162 idiopathic halitosis patients and 198 healthy controls (HCs). Halitosis was diagnosed using the organoleptic test, and idiopathic halitosis was diagnosed by excluding known causes. SIBO was identified through the hydrogen/methane lactulose breath test, and accordingly, patients were identified as SIBO-positive or SIBO-negative. Idiopathic halitosis patients were treated with the probiotic preparationBifidobacteriumtriple viable capsule for two months, followed by re-evaluation of halitosis and SIBO. This study found that all cases of idiopathic halitosis were extra-oral. The SIBO positivity rate in idiopathic halitosis patients was significantly higher than that in HCs (74.69% [121/162] vs 3.03% [6/198],P< 0.001), with an odds ratio of 94.44% (95% CI: 39.99%-211.35%). After treatment, 80.17% (97/121) of the SIBO-positive patients became SIBO-negative. Moreover, 87.60% (106/121) of the SIBO-positive patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that observed in SIBO-negative patients (2.75%, 3/41) (P< 0.001). In addition, 98.97% (96/97) of the post-treatment SIBO-negative patients experienced improved halitosis, a rate significantly higher than that of post-treatment sustained SIBO-positive patients (41.67%, 10/24) (P< 0.001). Our findings suggest that idiopathic halitosis is an extra-oral condition which mostly originates from the small intestine. SIBO is one of its underlying causes. The probiotic preparation can effectively improve idiopathic halitosis, probably through its impact on SIBO.

特发性口臭是一种原因不明的罕见病症,从未得到过深入研究。我们的目的是探索小肠细菌过度生长(SIBO)在特发性口臭发病机制中的作用,并评估益生菌制剂对这种病症的疗效。这项回顾性观察研究包括162名特发性口臭患者和198名健康对照组(HCs)。口臭通过感官测试(OLT)进行诊断,特发性口臭通过排除已知病因进行诊断。通过氢气/甲烷乳糖呼气试验(LBT)确定 SIBO,并据此将患者确定为 SIBO 阳性或 SIBO 阴性。特发性口臭患者接受为期两个月的益生菌制剂双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗,然后重新评估口臭和 SIBO。这项研究发现,所有特发性口臭病例均为口外病例。特发性口臭患者的 SIBO 阳性率明显高于 HCs(74.69% [121/162] vs. 3.03% [6/198],P < 0.001),几率比(OR)为 94.44(95% CI:39.99-211.35)。治疗后,80.17%(97/121)的 SIBO 阳性患者转为 SIBO 阴性。此外,87.60%(106/121)的 SIBO 阳性患者口臭有所改善,这一比例明显高于 SIBO 阴性患者(2.75%,3/41)(P < 0.001)。此外,98.97%(96/97)的 SIBO 阴性患者在治疗后口臭有所改善,这一比例明显高于治疗后持续口臭的 SIBO 阳性患者(41.67%,10/24)(P < 0.001)。我们的研究结果表明,特发性口臭是一种口腔外疾病,主要源于小肠。SIBO是其根本原因之一。益生菌制剂能有效改善特发性口臭,可能是通过其对 SIBO 的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of a combination of laccase and green coffee extract on oral malodor: A comparative, randomized, controlled, evaluator-blind, parallel-group trial. 结合使用漆酶和绿咖啡提取物对口腔异味的疗效:随机对照、评估者盲法、平行组比较试验。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad8e7c
Sylvia L Santos, Caterina Holz, Kimberly L Milleman, Jeffery L Milleman, Wenqian Gu, Luis R Mateo

Oral malodor negatively impacts a person's quality of life and may affect up to 50% of the population. The aim of this randomized, placebo and no-product controlled, evaluator-blind, proof-of-concept study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the single use of two experimental lozenges containing the laccase enzyme and green coffee extract (with and without flavor) in reducing intrinsic oral malodor. Following 12 to 16 h of avoidance of oral hygiene,156 generally healthy subjects presented at screening and baseline visits with a mean organoleptic odor intensity (OI) score of ≥ 2 and an OralChromaTMreading of ≥ 125 parts per billion (ppb) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas and were randomly assigned to receive either one of the two experimental lozenges, a placebo lozenge, or no-product. Following the supervised use of the assigned products, subjects' oral malodor was evaluated using OI assessments and OralChromaTMmeasurement for volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) immediately following product use (approximately 5 min), and at 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h. The two experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, showed significant reductions in OI scores compared with the placebo and no-product groups at all time points (p < 0.001). At 5 minutes post-product use, the experimental lozenges, with and without flavor, were significantly better than the no-product group in reducing the VSCs (p < 0.04). The results of individual VSC components (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide) were variable; both experimental lozenges notably reduced hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels in most post-use assessments. Four minor adverse events were reported, none of which were directly linked to the product. In conclusion, the experimental lozenges, whether flavored or not, were safe and effective in reducing oral malodor over a span of 4 h, based on organoleptic OI scores. NCT05950529.

口腔异味会对人的生活质量产生负面影响,影响人群可能高达 50%。这项随机、安慰剂和无产品对照、评估者盲法、概念验证研究的目的是评估单次使用两种含有漆酶和绿咖啡提取物(含香精和不含香精)的实验性润喉糖在减少内在口腔异味方面的有效性和安全性。在避免口腔卫生12至16小时后,156名一般健康的受试者在筛查和基线检查时,其平均感官气味强度(OI)评分≥2,OralChromaTM读数≥十亿分之125(ppb)硫化氢(H2S)气体,并被随机分配接受两种实验性锭剂之一、安慰剂锭剂或无产品。在监督下使用指定产品后,受试者在使用产品后的第一时间(约 5 分钟)以及 30 分钟、1 小时、2 小时、3 小时和 4 小时后,使用 OI 评估和 OralChromaTM 测量挥发性硫化合物 (VSC) 来评估受试者的口腔异味情况。与安慰剂组和无产品组相比,两种实验性含片(含香精和不含香精)在所有时间点的 OI 评分均显著降低(p < 0.001)。在产品使用后 5 分钟,含香精和不含香精的实验菱形糖在降低 VSC 方面明显优于不含产品组(p < 0.04)。单个 VSC 成分(硫化氢、甲硫醇和二甲基硫醚)的结果各不相同;在大多数使用后评估中,两种实验性润喉糖都明显降低了硫化氢和甲硫醇的水平。报告了四起轻微的不良事件,其中没有一起与产品直接相关。总之,根据感官 OI 评分,实验性润喉糖无论是否有香精,在 4 小时内都能安全有效地减少口腔异味。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying viral infections through analysis of head space volatile organic compounds. 通过分析头部空间挥发性有机化合物识别病毒感染。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad89f0
E Sanmark, P Marjanen, J Virtanen, K Aaltonen, S Tauriainen, P Österlund, M Mäkelä, S Saari, A Roine, T Rönkkö, V A Vartiainen

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human respiratory cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of modern technology. Analysis of exhaled breath or indoor air may potentially play an important role in screening of upper respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19 or influenza in the future. In this experimental study, air samples were collected and analyzed from the headspace of anin vitrocell culture infected by selected pathogens (influenza A H1N1 and seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and NL63). VOCs were measured with a real-time proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a differential mobility spectrometer. Measurements were performed every 12 h for 7 d. Non-infected cells and cell culture media served as references. In H1N1 and OC43 we observed four different VOCs which peaked during the infection. Different, individual VOCs were also observed in both infections. Activity began to clearly increase after 2 d in all analyses. We did not see increased VOC production in cells infected with NL63. VOC analysis seems to be suitable to differentiate the infected cells from those which are not infected as well as different viruses, from another. In the future, this could have practical value in both individual diagnostics and indoor environment screening.

背景:人体呼吸细胞产生的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)反映了新陈代谢和病理生理过程,可利用现代技术进行检测。对呼出的气体或室内空气进行分析,有可能在未来上呼吸道感染(如 COVID-19 或流感)的筛查中发挥重要作用:在这项实验研究中,收集并分析了被选定病原体(甲型 H1N1 流感、季节性冠状病毒 OC43 和 NL63)感染的体外细胞培养物的顶空空气样本。采用实时质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪和差分迁移率光谱仪测量挥发性有机化合物。测量每 12 小时进行一次,持续 7 天。未感染细胞和细胞培养基作为参照物:在 H1N1 和 OC43 中,我们观察到四种不同的挥发性有机化合物,它们在感染期间达到峰值。在这两种感染中还观察到了不同的单个 VOC。在所有分析中,活性在两天后开始明显增加。在感染 NL63 的细胞中,我们没有发现 VOC 生成的增加:VOC 分析似乎适用于区分受感染细胞与未感染细胞,以及不同病毒与其他病毒。未来,这在个体诊断和室内环境筛选方面都有实用价值。
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引用次数: 0
Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath, Blood, and Urine Detected in Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma Using Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry- A Pilot Study. 利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法检测甲状腺癌患者呼出的气体、血液和尿液中的挥发性有机化合物--一项试点研究。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad89ef
Zaid Al-Difaie, Max Scheepers, Sanne Engelen, Tim Lubbers, Bas Havekes, Nicole Bouvy

Background Distinguishing between malignant and benign thyroid nodules remains a significant challenge for clinicians and researchers globally. The use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a novel approach in cancer diagnosis. This prospective pilot study aims to identify VOCs in exhaled breath, blood, and urine that can differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Methods Patients with thyroid nodules scheduled for surgery were enrolled at the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+). Breath samples were analyzed using a BreathSpec GC-IMS machine (G.A.S. Dortmund, Germany), specifically designed for breath analysis. All blood and urine samples were analyzed with a separate GC-IMS device, the FlavourSpec® (G.A.S., Dortmund, Germany). Results In this proof-of-concept study, 70 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at MUMC+ were consecutively included. Of these patients, 29 were confirmed to have thyroid cancer after surgical resection. The overall analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in VOCs in breath, urine and blood, between patients with benign and malignant thyroid cancer. Conclusion This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that GC-IMS was unable to adequately distinguish between the VOC profiles of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, this study had a small sample size and future larger studies are needed to investigate the potential of using VOCs to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Furthermore, future research should focus on investigating potential confounders that affect patient VOC profiles. (NCT04883294) .

背景 区分甲状腺结节的恶性和良性仍然是全球临床医生和研究人员面临的一项重大挑战。利用挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)诊断癌症已成为一种新方法。这项前瞻性试验研究旨在利用气相色谱-离子迁移谱法(GC-IMS)鉴定呼出气体、血液和尿液中可区分良性和恶性甲状腺结节的挥发性有机化合物。呼吸样本使用专门用于呼吸分析的 BreathSpec GC-IMS 仪器(德国多特蒙德 G.A.S.公司)进行分析。所有血液和尿液样本均使用单独的 GC-IMS 设备 FlavourSpec® (G.A.S.,德国多特蒙德)进行分析。其中,29 名患者在手术切除后确诊为甲状腺癌。总体分析表明,良性和恶性甲状腺癌患者在呼气、尿液和血液中的挥发性有机化合物含量没有显著的统计学差异。不过,这项研究的样本量较小,今后需要进行更大规模的研究,以探讨使用挥发性有机化合物区分良性和恶性甲状腺结节的潜力。此外,未来的研究应侧重于调查影响患者VOC特征的潜在混杂因素。
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引用次数: 0
Impaction-based exhaled breath sampling for substance monitoring: a prospective pilot study (Drugxhale). 基于撞击的呼气采样用于药物监测:一项前瞻性试点研究(DrugXhale)。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad80b6
Lutea A A de Jong, Erik J H Olyslager, Jan A Wieferink, Maarten Keizer, Tobias Cornielje, Robbert P Zuidema

For decades, intake monitoring of drugs using urine as the matrix of choice is the gold standard in drug treatment centers. A properly conducted urine drug test can identify recent use of prescribed, non-prescribed and illicit drugs. However, issues like adulteration, substitution and privacy issues have driven the search for alternative matrices. This prospective pilot study evaluates the use of an impaction-based breath sampling device, Breath Explor®, as an alternative to traditional urine-based drug monitoring. Breath samples were analyzed using a validated 32-component liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Recovery data represent the efficiency of extracting the analytes from the breath devices. Both automated and manual processing of the Breath Explor® devices showed mean recovery rates ranging from 39.5% to 55.4% for the 32 analytes. Despite the small number of subjects, breath analysis proved to be a convenient and easy-to-use methodology. An overall kappa-values of 0.5 indicated a moderate level of agreement with urine analysis, underscoring its potential as a complementary diagnostic tool. All participants tested positive in their breath sample for methadone (70% methadone and 100% EDDP), while a significant portion (90%) tested positive for 6-monoacetylmorphine. This innovative approach offers several advantages, including non-invasiveness, reduced risk of adulteration, and the ability to perfom repeated automated sampling and confirmation testing. These findings suggest that breath-based substance monitoring could complement or even replace traditional urine-based methods in clinical practice.

几十年来,以尿液为基质的药物摄入监测一直是戒毒治疗中心的黄金标准。正确进行尿液药物检测可以确定近期使用处方药、非处方药和违禁药物的情况。然而,掺假、替代和隐私等问题促使人们寻找替代基质。这项前瞻性试点研究评估了基于撞击的呼吸采样设备 Breath Explor® 的使用情况,以替代传统的尿液药物监测。呼气样本采用经过验证的 32 组分液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MSMS)进行分析。回收率数据表示从呼气装置中提取分析物的效率。对 Breath Explor® 设备进行自动和手动处理后,32 种分析物的平均回收率从 39.5% 到 55.4% 不等。尽管受试者人数较少,但事实证明呼气分析是一种方便易用的方法。总体卡帕值为 0.5,表明与尿液分析的一致性达到中等水平,突出了其作为辅助诊断工具的潜力。所有参与者的呼气样本中美沙酮检测结果均呈阳性(70%为美沙酮,100%为乙二胺四乙酸二丁酯),而相当一部分(90%)参与者的 6-单乙酰吗啡(6-MAM)检测结果呈阳性。这种创新方法具有多项优势,包括无创、降低掺假风险以及能够重复进行自动采样和确认测试。这些研究结果表明,在临床实践中,基于呼气的物质监测可以补充甚至取代传统的基于尿液的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Rapid detection of depression by volatile organic compounds from exhalation. 从呼气中快速检测挥发性有机化合物的抑制作用。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad7eef
Tao Chen, Mengqi Jin, Liqing Chen, Xi Xuan Cai, Yilin Huang, Keqing Shen, Yi Li, Xing Chen, Liying Chen

Depression is a pervasive and often undetected mental health condition, which poses significant challenges for early diagnosis due to its silent and subtle nature. To evaluate exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as non-invasive biomarkers for the detection of depression using a virtual surface acoustic wave sensors array (VSAW-SA). A total of 245 participants were recruited from the Hangzhou Community Health Service Center, including 38 individuals diagnosed with depression and 207 control subjects. Breath samples were collected from all participants and subjected to analysis using VSAW-SA. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to assess the relationship between VOCs and depression. The findings revealed that the responses of virtual sensor ID 14, 44, 59, and 176, which corresponded respectively to ethanol, trichloroethylene or isoleucine, octanoic acid or lysine, and an unidentified compound, were sensitive to depression. Taking into account potential confounders, these sensor responses were utilized to calculate a depression detection indicator. It has a sensitivity of 81.6% and a specificity of 81.6%, with an area under the curve of 0.870 (95% CI = 0.816-0.923). Conclusions: exhaled VOCs as non-invasive biomarkers of depression could be detected by a VSAW-SA. Large-scale cohort studies should be conducted to confirm the potential ability of the VSAW-SA to diagnose depression.

摘要: 背景:抑郁症是一种普遍存在且经常未被发现的精神疾病,由于其无声和微妙的性质,给早期诊断带来了巨大挑战:目的:利用虚拟表面声波传感器阵列(VSAW-SA)评估呼出的挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)作为检测抑郁症的非侵入性生物标志物:方法:从杭州市社区卫生服务中心招募了 245 名参与者,其中包括 38 名确诊抑郁症患者和 207 名对照组受试者。收集所有参与者的呼吸样本,并使用 VSAW-SA 进行分析。采用单变量和多变量分析评估挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)与抑郁症之间的关系。研究结果表明,虚拟传感器 ID 14、44、59 和 176(分别对应乙醇、三氯乙烯或异亮氨酸、辛酸或赖氨酸以及一种不明化合物)的反应对抑郁敏感。考虑到潜在的混杂因素,利用这些传感器反应计算出抑郁检测指标:结果:该指标的灵敏度为 81.6%,特异度为 81.6%,曲线下面积(AUC)为 0.870(95% CI=0.816-0.923):结论:VSAW-SA 可以检测出作为抑郁症非侵入性生物标志物的呼出挥发性有机化合物。应开展大规模队列研究,以证实 VSAW-SA 诊断抑郁症的潜在能力。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel System for Removing Examinee's Exhaled Air Using an Open, Lightweight Non-Sealing Facemask - a Proof-of-Concept Study. 使用开放式轻型非密封面罩清除考生呼出气体的新型系统--概念验证研究。
IF 3.7 4区 医学 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ad836d
Danial Abu Shkara, Yoav Keynan, Shay Brikman, Guy Dori

Patients with respiratory infections (e.g., COVID-19, antimicrobial resistant bacteria) discharge pathogens to the environment, exposing healthcare workers and inpatients to deleterious complications. This study tested the performance of SPEAR-P1 (synchronized personal exhaled air removal system - prototype 1), which actively detects expiration and removes exhaled air using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask connected to a deep vacuum generating unit (DVGU). Fourteen healthy examinees practiced breathing through facemasks at 30, 25 and 20 breaths per minute; oxygen and nebulized saline were added at later steps. To test the efficacy of removing exhaled air, CO2 was used as a proxy and its level was measured from the outer surface of the open facemask. Compared to the baseline recording, SPEAR-P1 reduced CO2 escaping from the facemask by 66% on average for all study steps and respiratory rates (p<0.001), reaching 85.55% on average at 20 breaths per minute (p<0.001). This study shows that removing exhaled air from examinees using an open, non-sealing lightweight facemask is feasible. Future development of this system will enhance its efficacy and provide a method to remove a patient's contaminating aerosol without the need to "seal" the patient, especially in settings where isolation rooms are not readily available.

呼吸道感染(如 COVID-19、抗菌细菌)患者会将病原体排放到环境中,使医护人员和住院患者面临有害的并发症。这项研究测试了 SPEAR-P1(同步个人呼出气体清除系统--原型 1)的性能,该系统可主动检测呼气,并使用连接到深真空发生装置(DVGU)的开放式非密封轻型面罩清除呼出气体。14 名健康受试者分别以每分钟 30 次、25 次和 20 次的速度通过面罩进行呼吸练习;氧气和雾化生理盐水在后面的步骤中添加。为了测试排除呼出空气的效果,使用二氧化碳作为替代物,并从打开的面罩外表面测量其含量。与基线记录相比,在所有研究步骤和呼吸频率下,SPEAR-P1 使面罩中逸出的二氧化碳平均减少了 66% (p<0.05)。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of breath research
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