Deciphering the microbial communities in ticks of Inner Mongolia: ecological determinants and pathogen profiles.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY Parasites & Vectors Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06512-1
Chunfu Li, Rui Ma, Ai Gao, Na Jiang, Chunli Sang, Yanli Zhang, Haoqiang Tian, Jian Li, Wei Hu, Xinyu Feng
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Abstract

Background: Ticks are vectors of numerous pathogens, with their bacterial composition, abundance, diversity, and interaction influencing both their growth and disease transmission efficiency. Despite the abundance of ticks in Inner Mongolia, China, comprehensive data on their microbial communities are lacking. This study aims to analyze the microbial communities within ticks from Inner Mongolia to inform innovative control strategies for interrupting pathogen transmission.

Methods: Tick samples were collected from animals and vegetation in multiple locations across Inner Mongolia and stored at - 80 °C. Ticks were identified using morphological keys and molecular biology methods. Full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on collected samples. Bacterial community composition and diversity were mainly analyzed using bioinformatic tools such as QIIME, phyloseq, and DESeq2. Alpha diversity was assessed using Chao1, ACE, and Shannon indices, while beta diversity was evaluated using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrices. LEfSe analysis was applied to identify taxa associated with ecological and biological variables.

Results: A total of 5,048,137 high-quality read counts were obtained, forming an average of 789.3 OTUs per sample. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes were the most dominant phyla. Bacterial community composition varied significantly with geography, with Dermacentor nuttalli showing a higher abundance of Rickettsia in Xilingol League, while other regions had different dominant genera. The microbial community also differed based on the feeding status of ticks. Additionally, the microbiota of engorged ticks showed organ specificity. Pathogen detection efforts revealed the presence of nine pathogens across all three tick species. D. nuttalli was found to carry a significantly higher burden of pathogenic bacteria, making it the most potentially threatening tick species in Inner Mongolia.

Conclusions: The study highlights significant variations in tick microbiomes influenced by geographic location, feeding status, and tick species. It underscores the importance of enhancing tick and tick-borne disease surveillance in Inner Mongolia for early detection and control of emerging pathogens.

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解密内蒙古蜱虫的微生物群落:生态决定因素和病原体特征。
背景:蜱虫是多种病原体的传播媒介,其细菌组成、丰度、多样性和相互作用影响着蜱虫的生长和疾病传播效率。尽管中国内蒙古有大量蜱虫,但却缺乏有关其微生物群落的全面数据。本研究旨在分析内蒙古蜱虫体内的微生物群落,为阻断病原体传播的创新控制策略提供信息:方法:从内蒙古多个地点的动物和植被中采集蜱虫样本,并将其保存在 - 80 °C 下。采用形态学和分子生物学方法对蜱虫进行鉴定。对采集的样本进行了全长 16S rRNA 基因测序。主要使用 QIIME、phyloseq 和 DESeq2 等生物信息学工具分析细菌群落组成和多样性。α多样性采用 Chao1、ACE 和香农指数进行评估,β多样性采用 Bray-Curtis 差异矩阵进行评估。LEfSe 分析用于确定与生态和生物变量相关的类群:结果:共获得 5,048,137 个高质量读数,平均每个样本形成 789.3 个 OTU。蛋白细菌、固形菌和类杆菌是最主要的门类。细菌群落组成随地理位置的不同而有显著差异,在锡林郭勒盟,Dermacentor nuttalli 的立克次体含量较高,而其他地区则有不同的优势菌属。微生物群落也因蜱虫的取食状态而不同。此外,吞食蜱虫的微生物群还显示出器官特异性。病原体检测工作显示,在所有三种蜱中存在九种病原体。发现D. nuttalli携带的病原菌明显较多,使其成为内蒙古最具潜在威胁的蜱类:结论:这项研究强调了蜱虫微生物组受地理位置、饲养状况和蜱虫种类影响的显著差异。该研究强调了在内蒙古加强蜱和蜱传疾病监测的重要性,以便及早发现和控制新出现的病原体。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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