Ketolly Natanne da Silva Leal , Ana Beatriz Santos da Silva , Elisânia Kelly Barbosa Fonseca , Olívia Brito de Oliveira Moreira , Lúcio Marco de Lemos , Marcone Augusto Leal de Oliveira , Alan J. Stewart , Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
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Abstract
Background
Metal ions perform important functions in the body and their concentrations in cells and tissues are tightly controlled. Alterations in metal homeostasis can occur in certain disease states including infection. In this study urinary excretion of several metals including calcium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, nickel, selenium, and zinc in Covid-19 patients (n=35) and control (n=60) individuals, spanning ages and sexes.
Methods
Urinary samples were analysed using ICP-MS and the differences in metal concentrations between the Covid-19-infected and control groups were assessed using multivariate data analysis and univariate data analysis employing Student's t-test and Pearson's correlation, with significance set at p<0.05.
Results
The urinary concentrations of all metals analysed were significantly higher in the Covid-infected group (compared to controls), with the exception of copper, which was markedly reduced. The increase in calcium excretion was lower and magnesium excretion greater in Covid-19-positive individuals aged 41 or over compared to those aged 40 or lower. Whilst the increase in iron excretion was lower, and cobalt excretion greater in Covid-19-positive males compared to females.
Conclusions
The study highlights significant alterations in the handling of a range of metals in the body during Covid-19 infection. It also highlights both age and sex-specific differences in metal homeostasis. The results suggest an important role for copper in the body during Covid-19 infection and suggests that urinary concentrations of copper and other metals may serve as markers to predict progression of the disease.
期刊介绍：
The journal provides the reader with a thorough description of theoretical and applied aspects of trace elements in medicine and biology and is devoted to the advancement of scientific knowledge about trace elements and trace element species. Trace elements play essential roles in the maintenance of physiological processes. During the last decades there has been a great deal of scientific investigation about the function and binding of trace elements. The Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology focuses on the description and dissemination of scientific results concerning the role of trace elements with respect to their mode of action in health and disease and nutritional importance. Progress in the knowledge of the biological role of trace elements depends, however, on advances in trace elements chemistry. Thus the Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology will include only those papers that base their results on proven analytical methods.
Also, we only publish those articles in which the quality assurance regarding the execution of experiments and achievement of results is guaranteed.
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