Influence of mini warm pool extent on phytoplankton productivity and export in the Arabian sea

IF 2.3 3区 地球科学 Q2 OCEANOGRAPHY Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104406
Nicholas Bock , Joaquim Goes , Hervé Claustre , Vincent Taillandier , Helga do Rosario Gomes
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Abstract

The Arabian Sea is a highly productive tropical ecosystem of the Indian Ocean that supports high fluxes of particulate organic carbon to the mesopelagic zone from two distinct periods of elevated biological productivity associated with the semiannual reversals of the monsoonal wind system. There are now strong indications that the Arabian Sea's monsoonal wind patterns and hydrographic conditions are being impacted by long-term temperature increases, but the consequences of these changes on primary production and carbon export to the mesopelagic zone are unknown. This is especially true for the summer monsoon period when cloud cover obscures much of the Arabian Sea basin and therefore precludes remotely sensed ocean color measurements for estimating phytoplankton biomass and productivity. Here we overcome this limitation by using a database of bio-optical profiles from Biogeochemical Argo floats collected over the last decade to evaluate the impact of interannual temperature increases on Arabian Sea primary production and carbon export. We classify individual years of float observations based on the spatial extent of the Arabian Sea Mini Warm Pool that appears in the southeast Arabian Sea before the onset of the summer monsoon. This Mini Warm Pool, which begins to build in winter and collapses with the onset of the summer monsoon in late spring, has gained considerable interest on account of its influence on the timing of the onset of the summer monsoon. We observed a 35 percent decrease in primary production during the summer monsoon phytoplankton bloom in strong warm pool years, and a 13 percent decrease in particle stocks in the upper mesopelagic zone following the peak of the bloom. Decreases in production and export were additionally accompanied by a decrease in average particle size, indicating a shift from larger cells like diatoms that appear from fertilization of the oligotrophic waters to smaller phytoplankton size classes in response to a deepening of the thermocline and increased stratification of the water column. These results suggest changes in phytoplankton community structure and further decreases in primary production and carbon export in the Arabian Sea in response to future warming.
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小型暖池范围对阿拉伯海浮游植物生产力和出口的影响
阿拉伯海是印度洋上一个高产的热带生态系统,与季风系统半年一次的逆转有关的两个不同的生物生产力提升期,支持了颗粒有机碳向中深海区的高通量。目前有明显迹象表明,阿拉伯海的季风模式和水文条件正受到长期温度升高的影响,但这些变化对初级生产和中深海区碳输出的影响尚不清楚。尤其是在夏季季风时期,云层遮蔽了阿拉伯海海盆的大部分区域,因此无法利用遥感海洋颜色测量来估算浮游植物的生物量和生产力。在此,我们利用过去十年收集的生物地球化学 Argo 浮漂的生物光学剖面数据库来评估年际温度上升对阿拉伯海初级生产和碳输出的影响,从而克服了这一局限性。我们根据夏季季风来临前出现在阿拉伯海东南部的阿拉伯海小型暖池的空间范围,对浮标观测的各个年份进行分类。这个小型暖池在冬季开始形成,并随着春末夏季季风的到来而崩溃,由于其对夏季季风到来时间的影响而备受关注。我们观察到,在强暖池年,夏季季风浮游植物绽放期间的初级生产量下降了 35%,绽放高峰过后,中上层水区的颗粒物存量减少了 13%。在产量和出口量减少的同时,平均粒径也在减小,这表明随着温跃层的加深和水体分层的增加,浮游植物的粒径从硅藻等大细胞向小细胞转变,而硅藻等大细胞是在低营养水体受精后出现的。这些结果表明,随着未来气候变暖,阿拉伯海的浮游植物群落结构会发生变化,初级生产和碳输出会进一步减少。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.60
自引率
4.20%
发文量
144
审稿时长
18.3 weeks
期刊介绍: Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers is devoted to the publication of the results of original scientific research, including theoretical work of evident oceanographic applicability; and the solution of instrumental or methodological problems with evidence of successful use. The journal is distinguished by its interdisciplinary nature and its breadth, covering the geological, physical, chemical and biological aspects of the ocean and its boundaries with the sea floor and the atmosphere. In addition to regular "Research Papers" and "Instruments and Methods" papers, briefer communications may be published as "Notes". Supplemental matter, such as extensive data tables or graphs and multimedia content, may be published as electronic appendices.
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