{"title":"Electrochemical behaviour of metal ions in ethaline-based solutions: Impact of electrode material","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jelechem.2024.118761","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become increasingly important in material synthesis, particularly in electrodeposition processes. Ethaline – a DES composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol – stands out due to its low viscosity compared to other DESs which is favourable for the electrodeposition process. Among the key factors influencing electrodeposition, the substrate material can also play a significant role in the electrochemical behaviour of metal ions and resulting deposit morphology at the early stages of film growth. This study investigates the electrochemical behaviour of various metal ions, including Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), In(III), Sn(II), Cu(I), and Cu(II), on four selected substrates (Pt, glassy carbon, Au, and Cu) in dried ethaline-based solutions. The research highlights the impact of different working electrode materials on deposition processes and examines the onset potentials for deposit dissolution, providing insights into predicting galvanic replacement reactions in the DES medium. The formation of the complexes of different composition between metal ions and ethaline components leads to the sequence of equilibrium potentials different from aqueous, non-complex electrolyte solutions. As a remarkable example, we demonstrate the occurrence of galvanic replacement reaction between Ni(II) ions and a more noble Sn substrate in ethaline. The findings underscore the importance of considering both the choice of substrate material and the speciation in ethaline-based DESs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":355,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572665724007392","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have become increasingly important in material synthesis, particularly in electrodeposition processes. Ethaline – a DES composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol – stands out due to its low viscosity compared to other DESs which is favourable for the electrodeposition process. Among the key factors influencing electrodeposition, the substrate material can also play a significant role in the electrochemical behaviour of metal ions and resulting deposit morphology at the early stages of film growth. This study investigates the electrochemical behaviour of various metal ions, including Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), In(III), Sn(II), Cu(I), and Cu(II), on four selected substrates (Pt, glassy carbon, Au, and Cu) in dried ethaline-based solutions. The research highlights the impact of different working electrode materials on deposition processes and examines the onset potentials for deposit dissolution, providing insights into predicting galvanic replacement reactions in the DES medium. The formation of the complexes of different composition between metal ions and ethaline components leads to the sequence of equilibrium potentials different from aqueous, non-complex electrolyte solutions. As a remarkable example, we demonstrate the occurrence of galvanic replacement reaction between Ni(II) ions and a more noble Sn substrate in ethaline. The findings underscore the importance of considering both the choice of substrate material and the speciation in ethaline-based DESs.
深共晶溶剂(DES)在材料合成,尤其是电沉积工艺中的作用日益重要。乙酞酸是一种由氯化胆碱和乙二醇组成的 DES,与其他 DES 相比,它的粘度较低,有利于电沉积过程,因此脱颖而出。在影响电沉积的关键因素中,基底材料在薄膜生长的早期阶段对金属离子的电化学行为和由此产生的沉积物形态也起着重要作用。本研究调查了四种选定基底(铂、玻璃碳、金和铜)在干燥的乙醇溶液中的电化学行为,包括 Co(II)、Fe(II)、Ni(II)、In(III)、Sn(II)、Cu(I) 和 Cu(II)。研究强调了不同工作电极材料对沉积过程的影响,并考察了沉积物溶解的起始电位,为预测 DES 介质中的电化学置换反应提供了见解。金属离子和乙碱成分之间形成的不同成分的复合物导致了与水性非复合物电解质溶液不同的平衡电位序列。作为一个显著的例子,我们展示了 Ni(II)离子与乙碱性中更惰性的锡基质之间发生的电化学置换反应。这些发现强调了在基于乙醇的 DES 中同时考虑基质材料的选择和种类的重要性。
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the foremost international journal devoted to the interdisciplinary subject of electrochemistry in all its aspects, theoretical as well as applied.
Electrochemistry is a wide ranging area that is in a state of continuous evolution. Rather than compiling a long list of topics covered by the Journal, the editors would like to draw particular attention to the key issues of novelty, topicality and quality. Papers should present new and interesting electrochemical science in a way that is accessible to the reader. The presentation and discussion should be at a level that is consistent with the international status of the Journal. Reports describing the application of well-established techniques to problems that are essentially technical will not be accepted. Similarly, papers that report observations but fail to provide adequate interpretation will be rejected by the Editors. Papers dealing with technical electrochemistry should be submitted to other specialist journals unless the authors can show that their work provides substantially new insights into electrochemical processes.