Evaluation of European watch list contaminants in environmental matrices and microplastics: Analytical strategies, mechanisms of adsorption and occurrence

Abstract

The European Union requires environmental monitoring to identify potential pollutants suspected of causing adverse effects, affecting not only aquatic organisms but also posing direct and negatively influence to human health. Comprehensive knowledge about their occurrence and impact of these pollutants in environmental matrices, including microplastics, is essential for informed decision regarding their inclusion in surveillance lists. This study focuses on reviewing and assessing the analytical methodologies employed in determine substances listed in the last 4th European Watch List, in various environmental matrices, including water, soils, biota, and microplastics. Additionally, the different interaction mechanisms of adsorption onto microplastics are discussed. A dedicated section is also addressed to examine the occurrence of these substances in diverse environmental matrices. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the presence and effects of these substances, aiding in the development of effective surveillance strategies to mitigate their impact on the environment.