Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry最新文献

Recent advances in paper-based sensors for detecting and monitoring emerging organic contaminants 用于检测和监测新兴有机污染物的纸基传感器的最新进展

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2026.e00298

Shaikh Manirul Haque , Sirhan Al-Batty , Yunusa Umar , Elaref Ratemi , Syed Sauban Ghani , Masoom Raza Siddiqui , Adrián Fuente-Ballesteros

The widespread occurrence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs), including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, is a growing concern for environmental and human health. Conventional analytical techniques, such as gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, provide high sensitivity and reliability but remain costly, resource-intensive, and unsuitable for rapid or on-site monitoring. In this context, paper-based sensors are a promising alternative, offering low cost, portability, simple fabrication, and environmental sustainability. This review provides an overview of recent advances in paper-based sensors for the detection and monitoring of EOCs. Key fabrication strategies, including photolithography, wax printing, inkjet printing, screen printing, and laser-based approaches, are discussed with respect to device performance, scalability, and field deployability. Major transduction mechanisms, including electrochemical, colourimetric, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence approaches, are examined together with optimisation strategies based on nanomaterials, molecular recognition elements, and microfluidic design to improve sensitivity and selectivity. Applications in environmental monitoring, healthcare, and pharmaceutical and food analysis are reviewed, with emphasis on real-sample analysis and method validation. Current limitations related to matrix effects, reproducibility, environmental robustness, and large-scale manufacturing are identified, and future perspectives are outlined.

新兴有机污染物（EOCs）的广泛存在，包括药品、个人护理产品、农药和工业化学品，日益受到环境和人类健康的关注。传统的分析技术，如气相色谱和液相色谱与质谱相结合，提供了高灵敏度和可靠性，但仍然昂贵，资源密集，不适合快速或现场监测。在这种情况下，基于纸张的传感器是一个很有前途的替代品，具有成本低、便携、制造简单和环境可持续性。本文综述了用于EOCs检测和监测的纸质传感器的最新进展。关键的制造策略，包括光刻、蜡印刷、喷墨印刷、丝网印刷和基于激光的方法，讨论了设备性能、可扩展性和现场可部署性。主要的转导机制，包括电化学、比色、荧光和化学发光方法，以及基于纳米材料、分子识别元件和微流体设计的优化策略，以提高灵敏度和选择性。回顾了在环境监测、医疗保健、制药和食品分析中的应用，重点是实际样品分析和方法验证。确定了当前与矩阵效应、可重复性、环境稳健性和大规模制造相关的限制，并概述了未来的前景。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in nanomaterials for water and wastewater treatment and monitoring 纳米材料在水和废水处理和监测方面的进展

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2026.e00299

Niloofar Salehpour , Parisa Mahdavi , Saeed Nojavan

The persistent release of emerging contaminants into water and wastewater poses escalating ecological and public health risks, highlighting limitations of conventional treatment systems. Nanomaterials offer a transformative approach by combining efficient contaminant removal with sensitive and real-time analytical monitoring. This review critically evaluates diverse nanomaterial classes including polymeric nanostructures, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, and multifunctional nanocomposites, focusing on their mechanisms in adsorption, photocatalysis, filtration, and sensing. The distinctive contribution of this review lies in its integrated, application-oriented evaluation of nanomaterials that simultaneously address wastewater remediation and analytical detection, a perspective largely absents in existing literature, which treats these functions separately. Practical considerations including scalability, environmental safety, and regulatory relevance are also addressed. By unifying remediation and monitoring functionalities, this review provides a structured roadmap for designing next-generation nanomaterial-based strategies for sustainable water management.

新出现的污染物持续释放到水和废水中，造成不断升级的生态和公共卫生风险，突出了传统处理系统的局限性。纳米材料通过将有效的污染物去除与敏感的实时分析监测相结合，提供了一种变革性的方法。本文对高分子纳米结构、金属有机框架（mof）、金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒以及多功能纳米复合材料等多种纳米材料进行了批判性评价，重点介绍了它们在吸附、光催化、过滤和传感方面的机制。这篇综述的独特贡献在于它对纳米材料进行了综合的、面向应用的评估，同时解决了废水修复和分析检测问题，这一观点在现有文献中很大程度上是缺失的，它们分别对待这些功能。还讨论了包括可扩展性、环境安全性和监管相关性在内的实际考虑因素。通过统一修复和监测功能，本综述为设计下一代基于纳米材料的可持续水管理策略提供了结构化的路线图。

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引用次数: 0

From soils to edible tissues: Critical assessment of techniques for detecting micro- and nanoplastics in agroecosystems 从土壤到可食用组织：农业生态系统中检测微塑料和纳米塑料技术的关键评估

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2026.e00297

Jesús Marín-Sáez , Encarnación López-Rodríguez , Antonia Garrido Frenich , Roberto Romero-González

The rapid accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) in agricultural landscapes has raised urgent questions about their fate in soils, their transfer to plants, and their eventual entry into human diets. While early reviews of MNPs in food matrices, soils, and plants provided important foundations, most treated these compartments separately and rarely aligned analytical evidence across the soil-plant-edible tissue continuum. This review synthesizes current knowledge along the agricultural soil-plant-food pathway, with emphasis on analytical workflows such as sampling, pretreatment, spectroscopic imaging, and thermoanalytical and mass-spectrometric quantification. We critically evaluate detection limits, recovery biases, and the suitability of these methods for complex agricultural matrices, while also highlighting emerging computational tools for particle recognition, automated spectral deconvolution, and improved mass-balance closure. Persistent challenges involving sub-50 µm fractions, nanoscale particles, and environmentally realistic concentrations are discussed. While earlier essential studies are included for context, the focus is on recent literature that captures the rapid evolution of analytical capabilities from 2020 to 2025. Linking field surveys, controlled uptake studies, and exposure modelling shows how harmonized protocols and improved QA/QC can strengthen dietary risk assessment. The review concludes by identifying methodological gaps and introducing recent advances in analytical determination, including advanced imaging techniques such as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS) or photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM), thermoanalytical MS (e.g., pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), thermal extraction and desorption (TED)-GC/MS and fast-MS platforms), and imaging-enhanced Raman/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), together with novel data analysis workflows that now warrant an integrated appraisal focused on agroecosystems.

微塑料和纳米塑料（MNPs）在农业景观中的迅速积累，引发了关于它们在土壤中的命运、它们向植物的转移以及它们最终进入人类饮食的紧迫问题。虽然对食物基质、土壤和植物中MNPs的早期综述提供了重要的基础，但大多数研究都将这些部分分开处理，很少将分析证据统一到土壤-植物-可食组织连续体中。本文综述了农业土壤-植物-食物途径的现有知识，重点介绍了采样、预处理、光谱成像、热分析和质谱定量等分析工作流程。我们批判性地评估了检测限、恢复偏差以及这些方法对复杂农业基质的适用性，同时也强调了用于粒子识别、自动光谱反褶积和改进质量平衡闭合的新兴计算工具。持续的挑战涉及低于50微米的分数，纳米级颗粒，和环境现实的浓度进行了讨论。虽然早期的基本研究也包括在内，但重点是最近的文献，这些文献捕捉了2020年至2025年分析能力的快速演变。将实地调查、对照摄取研究和暴露建模联系起来，表明统一的方案和改进的质量保证/质量控制如何能够加强饮食风险评估。本文总结了方法上的差距，并介绍了分析测定的最新进展，包括先进的成像技术，如共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLMS）或光致力显微镜（PiFM），热分析质谱（如热解-气相色谱/质谱（Py-GC/MS），热提取和解吸(TED)-GC/MS和快速质谱平台），以及成像增强的拉曼/傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）。再加上新颖的数据分析工作流程，现在需要对农业生态系统进行综合评估。

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引用次数: 0

Ubiquity of phthalates: Classification, environmental behavior, implications, and recent advances in analytical detection 邻苯二甲酸酯的普遍性：分类、环境行为、影响和分析检测的最新进展

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2026.e00296

Nurul Izzah Zainol , Nurhamizah Rahmat , Ahmad Farabi Mohamad Saman , Mardiana Saaid , M. Hazwan Hussin , Siti Fatimah Nur Abdul Aziz

Phthalates, extensively used as plasticizers in industrial and consumer products, have long been recognized for their toxicological impacts and environmental persistence. Their classification as endocrine-disrupting chemicals linked to reproductive dysfunction, metabolic disorders, and oxidative stress has amplified global regulatory concern. Compounding these risks is their widespread occurrence in aquatic ecosystems, where phthalates bioaccumulate and contribute to long-term ecological degradation. This review critically examines the classification, health implications, and environmental behavior of phthalates, while evaluating current detection technologies. Conventional chromatographic methods gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) offer high sensitivity but are constrained by cost and operational complexity. Emerging spectrophotometric and electrochemical platforms offer cost-effective and portable alternatives but still face significant challenges such as matrix interference, limited selectivity, and poor reproducibility. Ultimately, bridging these analytical advancements with scalable, real-world applications is essential to effectively mitigate phthalate exposure risks to both human health and the environment.

邻苯二甲酸酯广泛用作工业和消费品中的增塑剂，长期以来一直被认为具有毒理学影响和环境持久性。它们被归类为与生殖功能障碍、代谢紊乱和氧化应激有关的内分泌干扰化学物质，这加大了全球监管方面的关注。邻苯二甲酸盐在水生生态系统中的广泛存在使这些风险更加复杂，在水生生态系统中，邻苯二甲酸盐生物积累并导致长期生态退化。这篇综述严格审查了邻苯二甲酸盐的分类、健康影响和环境行为，同时评估了当前的检测技术。传统的色谱方法气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）、高效液相色谱（HPLC）具有较高的灵敏度，但受成本和操作复杂性的限制。新兴的分光光度和电化学平台提供了具有成本效益和便携的替代方案，但仍然面临着重大挑战，如基质干扰，有限的选择性和可重复性差。最终，将这些分析进展与可扩展的实际应用相结合，对于有效减轻邻苯二甲酸盐暴露对人类健康和环境的风险至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in TiO₂-based photocatalysts for environmental remediation: Structural engineering, mechanistic insights, and degradation pathways of organic and inorganic pollutants 环境修复中二氧化钛基光催化剂的研究进展：结构工程、机理研究以及有机和无机污染物的降解途径

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00291

Karma M. Albalawi , Mohamed E. Eissa , Khalil ur Rehman , Mohammed Alissa , Suad A. Alghamdi , Mohammed A. Alshehri , Ghfren S. Aloraini , Alaa S. Alhegaili , Mohamed Abdel-Megid , Ehab A. Abdelrahman

TiO₂-based photocatalysis has become a promising strategy for the degradation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic gaseous pollutants. This review provides an analytical examination of how structural design, surface engineering, and electronic modulation influence the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ materials. Emphasis is placed on the role of crystal facets, oxygen vacancies, heterojunction interfaces, and metal/non-metal dopants in regulating charge-transfer dynamics and suppressing electron–hole recombination. Mechanistic pathways for the oxidation of aldehydes, aromatics, trichloroethene, NOx, SOx, CO, ozone, and H₂S are systematically outlined, focusing on radical formation and kinetic behavior. Finally, the review highlights key design principles and performance-governing factors that can guide the development of high-efficiency TiO₂ photocatalysts for future environmental remediation systems.

二氧化钛基光催化已成为一种很有前途的降解挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）和无机气态污染物的方法。本文综述了结构设计、表面工程和电子调制对TiO2材料光催化性能的影响。重点放在晶体面、氧空位、异质结界面和金属/非金属掺杂剂在调节电荷转移动力学和抑制电子-空穴复合中的作用。系统概述了醛、芳烃、三氯乙烯、NOx、SOx、CO、臭氧和H2S氧化的机理途径，重点介绍了自由基的形成和动力学行为。最后，综述强调了关键的设计原则和性能控制因素，可以指导未来环境修复系统中高效TiO2光催化剂的开发。

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引用次数: 0

Gas chromatography in analysis of different natural products: A comprehensive review on methods and applications 气相色谱法在不同天然产物分析中的应用综述

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00295

Saša D. Đurović , Ivan Kojić , Violeta M. Đurović , Yulia A. Smyatskaya , Angi E. Skhvediani , Julia G. Bazarnova , Yuri V. Shatalin , Andrey V. Vasin

Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most widely employed techniques for analysis today. It can be combined with various detectors, of which mass spectrometry (MS) and flame ionization detector (FID) are the most common. The MS is used for structure determination and conformation, while FID is more suitable for quantitative analysis. Therefore, these two detectors are often coupled together in one system. Depending on the nature of the sample and analyzed compounds, sample preparation and method conditions will be selected. Volatile and stable compounds, such as terpenes, can be analyzed directly after dissolving them in a suitable solvent. On the other hand, some less stable compounds (acidic forms of cannabinoids) and non-volatile (polyphenolic compounds) must be derivatized (usually silylation) before the analysis to increase their stability and volatility. The physico-chemical properties of the analyzed compounds will also influence the choice of column and temperature program on the GC. Based on the stationary phase, the capillary column may be non-polar, mid-polar, or polar. Compounds such as cannabinoids and polyphenolic compounds are analyzed on non-polar columns, while terpenes and alcohols are analyzed on mid-polar and polar columns. The nature of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) allows their analysis on mid-polar and polar columns. However, for optimal separation, the most polar columns are used, where even cis and trans isomers can be separated. Selecting the method is not an easy task, and this article provides helpful information for method selection and sample preparation.

气相色谱（GC）是当今应用最广泛的分析技术之一。它可以与各种检测器相结合，其中质谱（MS）和火焰电离检测器（FID）是最常见的。质谱法用于结构和构象的测定，而FID更适合于定量分析。因此，这两个检测器经常耦合在一个系统中。根据样品和被分析化合物的性质，将选择样品制备和方法条件。挥发性和稳定性的化合物，如萜烯，溶解在合适的溶剂中后可以直接分析。另一方面，一些不太稳定的化合物（大麻素的酸性形式）和非挥发性（多酚化合物）必须在分析前衍生化（通常是硅基化）以增加其稳定性和挥发性。被分析化合物的理化性质也会影响色谱柱和温度程序的选择。根据固定相，毛细管柱可以是非极性、中极性或极性。在非极性柱上分析大麻素和多酚类化合物，而在中极性和极性柱上分析萜烯和醇类化合物。脂肪酸甲酯（FAMEs）的性质允许它们在中极性和极性柱上进行分析。然而，为了获得最佳分离，使用最极性柱，其中甚至可以分离顺式和反式异构体。选择方法不是一件容易的事情，本文为方法选择和样品制备提供了有用的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Trends of pretreatment and analysis methods for haloacetonitriles in environment 环境中卤代乙腈的预处理与分析方法发展趋势

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00293

Ai Ren , Yuan Zhang , Yu Bian , Hui-zhe Wu , Xue-song Feng

Haloacetonitriles (HANs) are toxic disinfection by-products frequently detected in treated water, posing risks to human health and the environment. Accurate and sensitive characterization of HANs remains challenging due to the volatility and trace-level concentrations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in HANs pretreatment and detection over the past decade. While traditional techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction and gas chromatography-based methods, remain widely used, novel approaches have emerged, including 3D-printed liquid phase microextraction devices, online extraction systems, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (e.g., Q-Exactive MS, Time-of-Flight MS). The application of self-fabricated materials, such as PDMS/DVB-NVP fibers in SPME, has further improved extraction performance. This review critically compares current strategies, highlights key limitations, and discusses future directions for developing efficient, automated, and environmentally friendly methods for HANs analysis.

卤化乙腈（HANs）是在处理过的水中经常检测到的有毒消毒副产物，对人类健康和环境构成威胁。由于汉斯的挥发性和痕量浓度，准确和敏感的表征仍然具有挑战性。本文综述了近十年来HANs预处理和检测的最新进展。虽然传统技术，如液液萃取和气相色谱法，仍然被广泛使用，但新的方法已经出现，包括3d打印液相微萃取装置、在线萃取系统和高分辨率质谱法（如Q-Exactive MS、飞行时间质谱法）。自制备材料如PDMS/DVB-NVP纤维在SPME中的应用，进一步提高了提取性能。这篇综述批判性地比较了当前的策略，突出了关键的局限性，并讨论了开发高效、自动化和环境友好的汉斯分析方法的未来方向。

引用次数: 0

Fluorescent sensors for trace detection of hydrocarbons, explosives, and drug residues in soil: Advances and critical insights 用于痕量检测碳氢化合物、爆炸物和土壤中药物残留的荧光传感器：进展和关键见解

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00294

Hasher Irshad, Khadija, Katrine Qvortrup

Background

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons, explosives, and pharmaceutical drugs, including antibiotics, poses serious environmental and health risks. These pollutants originate from industrial waste, military activities, and agriculture, leading to long-term toxicity. Sensitive detection methods are crucial for effective monitoring and remediation.

Scope and Approach: This review covers recent advances in fluorescent sensors for detecting hydrocarbons, explosives, and pharmaceutical drug contaminants in soil. It highlights sensor materials, detection mechanisms, and array-based approaches. Additionally, the review addresses the challenges and limitations faced by these sensors when applied to real sample analysis.

Key Findings and Conclusions: Fluorescent sensors offer high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid detection of hydrocarbons, explosives, and drug residues. Advances in array based sensing and portable devices have improved detection efficiency. However, challenges remain in enhancing sensor durability and field applicability. Future research should focus on real-time monitoring and practical deployment for effective environmental assessment, as well as the development of reusable sensors, long-range pH stability, and the fabrication of devices such as Fido X4.

碳氢化合物、爆炸物和药物（包括抗生素）对土壤的污染构成严重的环境和健康风险。这些污染物来自工业废料、军事活动和农业，导致长期毒性。灵敏的检测方法对于有效监测和补救至关重要。范围和方法：本文综述了荧光传感器在检测土壤中碳氢化合物、爆炸物和药物污染物方面的最新进展。它强调了传感器材料、检测机制和基于阵列的方法。此外，该评论解决了这些传感器在应用于实际样品分析时面临的挑战和限制。主要发现和结论：荧光传感器具有高灵敏度、选择性和快速检测碳氢化合物、爆炸物和药物残留的能力。基于阵列的传感和便携式设备的进步提高了检测效率。然而，在提高传感器耐用性和现场适用性方面仍然存在挑战。未来的研究应侧重于实时监测和实际部署，以进行有效的环境评估，以及开发可重复使用的传感器，远程pH稳定性以及Fido X4等设备的制造。

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引用次数: 0

Analytical trends in the determination of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples: Challenges and advances 环境样品中烷基化多环芳烃的分析趋势：挑战与进展

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00292

Gilda Albino Bento Jorge , Beatriz dos Reis Lago Brandão , Maria Elisabete Machado

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (APAHs) are naturally present in petroleum and derivatives and are released into the environment through industrial processes and incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. Due to their hydrophobicity, stability and low polarity, these substances tend to accumulate across different environmental compartments. In the atmosphere, APAHs are detected in both particulate and gas phases, especially in urban and industrial regions. In aquatic systems, less hydrophobic APAHs, such as alkylated naphthalenes and phenanthrenes, are commonly found in surface waters, while sediments serve as long-term sinks for these compounds. In biota, APAHs exhibit bioaccumulation potential, with elevated levels reported in aquatic organisms, particularly in lipid-rich tissues. Despite their environmental relevance, APAHs remain understudied, primarily due to analytical challenges related to their structural diversity, low environmental concentrations, and co-elution of isomers. This review aims to explore the analytical approaches employed for the extraction, detection, identification, and quantification of APAHs in environmental matrices. Extraction and pre-concentration techniques, such as solid-phase extraction and microextraction, as well as the application of high-resolution chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods (e.g., GC×GC-TOFMS, GC×GC-HRMS, LC-MS/MS) for APAHs were emphasized. Individual APAHs and specific diagnostic ratios employed to indicate petrogenic and pyrogenic sources are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review focused on APAHs in environmental samples that comprehensively summarizes sample preparation procedures, instrumental analytical techniques, coelutions challenges and strategies for the separation and quantification of isomers.

烷基化多环芳烃（APAHs）天然存在于石油及其衍生物中，并通过工业过程和化石燃料的不完全燃烧释放到环境中。由于它们的疏水性、稳定性和低极性，这些物质倾向于在不同的环境隔间中积累。在大气中，特别是在城市和工业区，在颗粒和气相中都检测到APAHs。在水生系统中，疏水性较低的四环芳烃，如烷基化萘和菲，通常存在于地表水中，而沉积物则是这些化合物的长期汇。在生物群中，APAHs具有生物蓄积潜力，据报道，在水生生物中，特别是在富含脂质的组织中，APAHs水平升高。尽管与环境相关，但APAHs仍未得到充分研究，主要是由于其结构多样性、低环境浓度和同分异构体的共洗脱等方面的分析挑战。本文综述了环境基质中APAHs的提取、检测、鉴定和定量分析方法。重点介绍了萃取和预浓缩技术，如固相萃取和微萃取，以及高分辨率色谱和质谱方法（如GC×GC-TOFMS， GC×GC-HRMS, LC-MS/MS）对APAHs的应用。单独的APAHs和特定的诊断比率用于指示岩源和热源。据我们所知，这是第一次对环境样品中的APAHs进行综述，全面总结了样品制备过程、仪器分析技术、解决方案挑战以及分离和定量异构体的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Metal oxide electrodes: A new frontier in electrochemical microplastic detection 金属氧化物电极：电化学微塑性检测的新前沿

IF 13.4 2区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.teac.2025.e00289

Eun-Bi Kim , Ing Kong , M. Shaheer Akhtar , Sadia Ameen , Hu Li

Microplastic pollution has become a significant problem due to its widespread presence in aquatic ecosystems and its possible negative impacts on human beings and marine life. Traditional detection methods are often time-consuming, and their sensing activity still needs accurate quantification. Electrochemical sensing methods offer a promising alternative for the highly sensitive and quick detection of microplastics. This review explains the outlines of recent advancements in electrochemical sensing methods, with a focus on metal oxide electrodes. These electrodes have been recognized as promising platforms for microplastic detection owing to their relatively high chemical stability, large surface area, and superior conductivity. Various metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄), have been investigated for their suitability in these applications. This review discusses the principles and mechanisms underlying electrochemical sensing, including voltammetric and amperometric techniques. Key factors influencing the performance of metal oxide-based sensors, such as electrode morphology, surface functionalization, and sensor configuration, are examined. Recent developments in sensors, fabrication techniques, and strategies for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity are also highlighted. In addition, the review confronts the challenges, hurdles, and future directions in electrochemical sensing for microplastic detection, including the need for standardized protocols, validation of sensor performance in real-world samples, and integration into monitoring networks for environmental surveillance. Overall, metal oxide-based electrochemical sensing methods hold great promise for detecting microplastics in environmental samples. Continued research efforts aimed at optimizing sensor performance and addressing practical challenges will contribute to the development of reliable and cost-effective tools for microplastic monitoring and remediation.

由于微塑料在水生生态系统中的广泛存在以及对人类和海洋生物可能产生的负面影响，微塑料污染已成为一个重大问题。传统的检测方法往往耗时长，而且它们的传感活性还需要精确的量化。电化学传感方法为微塑料的高灵敏度和快速检测提供了一种有前途的替代方法。本文概述了电化学传感方法的最新进展，重点介绍了金属氧化物电极。由于其相对较高的化学稳定性、较大的表面积和优异的导电性，这些电极已被认为是微塑料检测的有前途的平台。各种金属氧化物，如氧化锌（ZnO），二氧化钛（TiO2）和氧化铁（Fe3O4），已经研究了它们在这些应用中的适用性。本文讨论了电化学传感的原理和机制，包括伏安法和安培法技术。研究了影响金属氧化物传感器性能的关键因素，如电极形态、表面功能化和传感器配置。还强调了传感器、制造技术和提高灵敏度和选择性的策略的最新发展。此外，该综述还提出了微塑料检测电化学传感的挑战、障碍和未来方向，包括标准化协议的需求、传感器在真实样品中的性能验证以及集成到环境监测监测网络中。总的来说，基于金属氧化物的电化学传感方法在检测环境样品中的微塑料方面具有很大的前景。旨在优化传感器性能和解决实际挑战的持续研究工作将有助于开发可靠且具有成本效益的微塑料监测和修复工具。

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引用次数: 0