Long-term patient outcomes from a multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation programme with integrated nurse specialist support: A retrospective cohort study

IF 7.5 1区 医学 Q1 NURSING International Journal of Nursing Studies Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104945
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Abstract

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation programmes, while demonstrating benefits, face challenges in universal adoption, particularly in New Zealand. This study evaluates the long-term impact of cardiac rehabilitation participation and attendance on survival and readmission rates in the Auckland Health District.

Objective

To examine the impact of patient participation in nurse-led lifestyle rehabilitation and physiotherapy exercise rehabilitation on key outcomes, including all-cause mortality, and all-cause, cardiac-specific, and kidney disease readmission rates.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Auckland Health District, New Zealand.

Participants

3331 patients registered in the Auckland cardiac rehabilitation programme between 2016 and 2020.

Methods

Data analysis included examining associations between attendance at nurse-led lifestyle and physiotherapy-led exercise sessions and outcomes at 12, 24 months, and 2022 year-end, including all-cause mortality, all-cause readmission, and cardiac-specific readmission rates. Analysis methods included survival analysis, Cox proportional regression, and logistic binary regression, controlling for confounders using propensity score weights and baseline factors.

Results

1363 (40.9 %) patients attended at least one lifestyle rehabilitation session (average 5.0 ± 2.9 sessions), 1121 (33.7 %) patients attended at least one exercise rehabilitation session (average 6.8 ± 7.4 sessions), and 649 (19.5 %) patients attended at least one lifestyle and one exercise rehabilitation session. Increased likelihood of participation in rehabilitation was explained by ethnicity, while current and historical tobacco use, history of heart failure, receiving an angiogram, PCI, or other treatment such as medical management or implantable devices were associated with lower odds of participation. Participation in rehabilitation (average 7.9 ± 6.1 sessions) was associated with a higher mean survival estimate (7.6 years vs. 6.4 years, p < 0.001) while Cox proportional hazard regression, controlling for baseline factors and propensity score weights showed that a single session of rehabilitation attended had a 2.1 % decreased risk of mortality (hazard ratio = 0.98, 95 % CI: 0.96 to 0.99, p = 0.29). The cumulative hazard ratio for average attendance (7.9 ± 6.1 sessions) was 0.85 (95 % CI: 0.83 to 0.86, p < 0.001) indicating a 15 % decreased risk of mortality during follow-up. 20 % lower kidney disease readmission rates were observed among participants over the next 24 months (p < 0.05). However, no differences in all-cause or cardiac-specific readmission rates were observed.

Conclusions

The study supports the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation in improving long-term survival for Auckland Health District patients. The positive impact of nurse-led interventions and integrated support throughout the cardiac rehabilitation process highlights the need for translating this model to other health districts in New Zealand to optimise patient care and outcomes.
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综合专科护士支持的多学科心脏康复计划对患者的长期疗效:回顾性队列研究
背景心脏康复计划虽然能带来益处,但在普及方面却面临挑战,尤其是在新西兰。本研究评估了在奥克兰卫生区参与和参加心脏康复对存活率和再入院率的长期影响。目的 研究患者参与护士指导的生活方式康复和物理治疗运动康复对主要结果的影响,包括全因死亡率、全因、心脏特异性和肾脏疾病再入院率。参与者3331名患者在2016年至2020年期间注册了奥克兰心脏康复计划。方法数据分析包括检查参加护士指导的生活方式和物理治疗指导的运动课程与12个月、24个月和2022年年底的结果之间的关联,包括全因死亡率、全因再入院率和心脏特异性再入院率。分析方法包括生存分析、Cox比例回归和逻辑二元回归,并使用倾向评分权重和基线因素控制混杂因素。结果 1363 名患者(40.9%)至少参加了一次生活方式康复治疗(平均 5.0 ± 2.9 次),1121 名患者(33.7%)至少参加了一次运动康复治疗(平均 6.8 ± 7.4 次),649 名患者(19.5%)至少参加了一次生活方式康复治疗和一次运动康复治疗。参加康复治疗的几率增加与种族有关,而目前和过去吸烟、心衰史、接受血管造影、PCI 或其他治疗(如医疗管理或植入装置)则与参加康复治疗的几率降低有关。参加康复治疗(平均 7.9 ± 6.1 次)与较高的平均生存期(7.6 年 vs. 6.4 年,p < 0.001)相关,而控制基线因素和倾向得分权重的 Cox 比例危险回归显示,参加一次康复治疗可使死亡风险降低 2.1%(危险比 = 0.98,95 % CI:0.96 至 0.99,p = 0.29)。平均就诊次数(7.9 ± 6.1 次)的累积危险比为 0.85(95 % CI:0.83 至 0.86,p = 0.001),表明随访期间的死亡风险降低了 15%。在接下来的 24 个月中,参与者的肾病再入院率降低了 20%(p <0.05)。结论该研究支持心脏康复在改善奥克兰卫生区患者长期生存方面的有效性。在整个心脏康复过程中,以护士为主导的干预和综合支持所产生的积极影响突出表明,有必要将这种模式推广到新西兰的其他卫生区,以优化患者护理和治疗效果。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
15.00
自引率
2.50%
发文量
181
审稿时长
21 days
期刊介绍: The International Journal of Nursing Studies (IJNS) is a highly respected journal that has been publishing original peer-reviewed articles since 1963. It provides a forum for original research and scholarship about health care delivery, organisation, management, workforce, policy, and research methods relevant to nursing, midwifery, and other health related professions. The journal aims to support evidence informed policy and practice by publishing research, systematic and other scholarly reviews, critical discussion, and commentary of the highest standard. The IJNS is indexed in major databases including PubMed, Medline, Thomson Reuters - Science Citation Index, Scopus, Thomson Reuters - Social Science Citation Index, CINAHL, and the BNI (British Nursing Index).
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