The physics of freezing and melting in the presence of flows

IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Nature Reviews Physics Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI:10.1038/s42254-024-00766-5
Yihong Du, Enrico Calzavarini, Chao Sun
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Abstract

Ice in the environment plays a central role in both global-scale processes on Earth and many human activities. Issues related to its description, including the modelling of natural ice dynamics from the smallest to the largest scales, are of great importance. In the natural environment, melting or freezing processes are typically coupled to those of fluid flows. Therefore, the interplay between fluid mechanics and phase-change thermodynamics is a highly topical problem. In recent years, fluid–ice interface problems have been studied via not only field measurements but also laboratory experiments, numerical simulations and theoretical analyses. This Perspective considers the state-of-the-art knowledge of the phenomenology of fluid–ice coupling processes in standardized configurations. These include freezing and melting in thermally stratified natural convection of fresh water, double-diffusive convection and convection in the mushy ice of salty water in confined systems, as well as imposed flows moving along an ice layer or surrounding dispersed ice bodies. It also highlights open questions of geophysical interest that could benefit from fundamental studies with a physical and fluid dynamic approach. The dynamics of water freezing and ice melting in natural environments involves many intricate fluid mechanics processes. To tackle these complexities, examining them in well-controlled laboratory settings proves highly advantageous.

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存在流动时冻结和熔化的物理学原理
环境中的冰在地球的全球尺度过程和许多人类活动中都发挥着核心作用。与冰的描述有关的问题,包括从最小尺度到最大尺度的自然冰动力学建模,都非常重要。在自然环境中,融化或冻结过程通常与流体流动过程耦合。因此,流体力学与相变热力学之间的相互作用是一个非常热门的问题。近年来,人们不仅通过实地测量,还通过实验室实验、数值模拟和理论分析来研究流冰界面问题。本视角探讨了标准化配置中流冰耦合过程现象学的最新知识。这些过程包括淡水热分层自然对流中的冻结和融化、双扩散对流和封闭系统中咸水粘冰中的对流,以及沿冰层或围绕分散冰体运动的外加流。报告还强调了一些地球物理方面的悬而未决的问题,这些问题可以从采用物理和流体动力学方法进行的基础研究中获益。自然环境中水冻结和冰融化的动力学过程涉及许多错综复杂的流体力学过程。要解决这些复杂问题,在控制良好的实验室环境中进行研究是非常有利的。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
47.80
自引率
0.50%
发文量
122
期刊介绍: Nature Reviews Physics is an online-only reviews journal, part of the Nature Reviews portfolio of journals. It publishes high-quality technical reference, review, and commentary articles in all areas of fundamental and applied physics. The journal offers a range of content types, including Reviews, Perspectives, Roadmaps, Technical Reviews, Expert Recommendations, Comments, Editorials, Research Highlights, Features, and News & Views, which cover significant advances in the field and topical issues. Nature Reviews Physics is published monthly from January 2019 and does not have external, academic editors. Instead, all editorial decisions are made by a dedicated team of full-time professional editors.
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