Pub Date : 2026-03-10DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00926-9
Algorithmic tools promise to help researchers cut through the mass of scientific literature, but serendipitous encounters with papers remain essential for scientific progress.
算法工具有望帮助研究人员从大量的科学文献中脱颖而出，但与论文的偶然相遇仍然是科学进步的关键。
{"title":"Serendipity in an algorithm-driven culture","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00926-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00926-9","url":null,"abstract":"Algorithmic tools promise to help researchers cut through the mass of scientific literature, but serendipitous encounters with papers remain essential for scientific progress.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 3","pages":"129-129"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-026-00926-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-23DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00914-5
Riley W. Chien, Mitchell Chiew, Brent Harrison, Jason Necaise, Weishi Wang, Maryam Mudassar, Campbell McLauchlan, Thomas M. Henderson, Gustavo E. Scuseria, Sergii Strelchuk, James D. Whitfield
Quantum computers are expected to become a powerful tool for studying physical quantum systems. Consequently, a number of quantum algorithms to determine the physical properties of such systems have been developed. Although qubit-based quantum computers are naturally suited to the study of spin-1/2 systems, systems containing other degrees of freedom must first be encoded into qubits. Transformations to and from fermionic degrees of freedom have long been an important tool in physics and chemistry, which is now finding another application in the simulation of fermionic systems on quantum computers based on qubits. In this Review, we discuss methods for encoding fermionic degrees of freedom into qubits. To simulate physical systems on a quantum computer, their degrees of freedom must be encoded into qubits. This Review assesses the different methods that exist to allow quantum calculation of fermionic systems.
{"title":"Simulating fermions with a digital quantum computer","authors":"Riley W. Chien, Mitchell Chiew, Brent Harrison, Jason Necaise, Weishi Wang, Maryam Mudassar, Campbell McLauchlan, Thomas M. Henderson, Gustavo E. Scuseria, Sergii Strelchuk, James D. Whitfield","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00914-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00914-5","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers are expected to become a powerful tool for studying physical quantum systems. Consequently, a number of quantum algorithms to determine the physical properties of such systems have been developed. Although qubit-based quantum computers are naturally suited to the study of spin-1/2 systems, systems containing other degrees of freedom must first be encoded into qubits. Transformations to and from fermionic degrees of freedom have long been an important tool in physics and chemistry, which is now finding another application in the simulation of fermionic systems on quantum computers based on qubits. In this Review, we discuss methods for encoding fermionic degrees of freedom into qubits. To simulate physical systems on a quantum computer, their degrees of freedom must be encoded into qubits. This Review assesses the different methods that exist to allow quantum calculation of fermionic systems.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 3","pages":"131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00916-3
Federico Battiston, Christian Bick, Maxime Lucas, Ana P. Millán, Per Sebastian Skardal, Yuanzhao Zhang
Higher-order interactions that nonlinearly couple more than two nodes are important in many networked systems, and their effects on collective dynamics are increasingly being studied. Here, we provide an overview of this rapidly growing field and of the techniques that can be used to describe and analyse them. We focus in particular on new phenomena and challenges that emerge when non-pairwise interactions are considered. We conclude by discussing open questions and promising future directions on the collective dynamics of higher-order networks. This Review surveys how higher-order interactions, which link more than two units at a time, reshape collective dynamics in complex systems. New synchronization phenomena, analytical frameworks and emerging methods to reduce or infer higher-order structure from data, are highlighted.
{"title":"Collective dynamics on higher-order networks","authors":"Federico Battiston, Christian Bick, Maxime Lucas, Ana P. Millán, Per Sebastian Skardal, Yuanzhao Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00916-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00916-3","url":null,"abstract":"Higher-order interactions that nonlinearly couple more than two nodes are important in many networked systems, and their effects on collective dynamics are increasingly being studied. Here, we provide an overview of this rapidly growing field and of the techniques that can be used to describe and analyse them. We focus in particular on new phenomena and challenges that emerge when non-pairwise interactions are considered. We conclude by discussing open questions and promising future directions on the collective dynamics of higher-order networks. This Review surveys how higher-order interactions, which link more than two units at a time, reshape collective dynamics in complex systems. New synchronization phenomena, analytical frameworks and emerging methods to reduce or infer higher-order structure from data, are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 3","pages":"146-159"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1038/s42254-026-00920-1
As chatbots become more ubiquitous in our everyday lives, we remind our readers that good writing comes from knowing what you want to say.
随着聊天机器人在我们的日常生活中变得越来越普遍，我们提醒我们的读者，好的写作来自于知道你想说什么。
{"title":"Writing in the age of chatbots","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-026-00920-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-026-00920-1","url":null,"abstract":"As chatbots become more ubiquitous in our everyday lives, we remind our readers that good writing comes from knowing what you want to say.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 2","pages":"65-65"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-026-00920-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00917-2
Chuankun Huang, Martin Mootz, Liang Luo, Ilias E. Perakis, Jigang Wang
Terahertz 2D coherent spectroscopy (THz-2DCS) is an emerging technique that brings multidimensional resolution to the ultrafast spectral–temporal dynamics of non-equilibrium quantum phases of matter, enabling new capabilities for precise coherent control in many-body dynamics and multiorder correlations. By mapping and disentangling complex excitation and detection pathways across distinct time and frequency dimensions, THz-2DCS provides a form of coherence tomography of light-induced quantum matter — revealing multiquantum coherences, separating nonlinear response functions and capturing collective modes and quantum kinetics on ultrafast THz timescales. This Perspective discusses the technical capabilities of THz-2DCS, provides a comparison to other multidimensional and coherent transient spectroscopies and looks ahead towards opportunities for advancing THz-2DCS instrumentation and experimental strategies towards new frontier discoveries. Terahertz 2D coherent spectroscopy can be used to probe phase-resolved, multidimensional spectra of quantum materials. This Perspective discusses the capabilities of this method and provides a comparison with other multidimensional spectroscopies.
{"title":"Terahertz 2D coherent spectroscopy for probing and controlling multicorrelations in quantum matter","authors":"Chuankun Huang, Martin Mootz, Liang Luo, Ilias E. Perakis, Jigang Wang","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00917-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00917-2","url":null,"abstract":"Terahertz 2D coherent spectroscopy (THz-2DCS) is an emerging technique that brings multidimensional resolution to the ultrafast spectral–temporal dynamics of non-equilibrium quantum phases of matter, enabling new capabilities for precise coherent control in many-body dynamics and multiorder correlations. By mapping and disentangling complex excitation and detection pathways across distinct time and frequency dimensions, THz-2DCS provides a form of coherence tomography of light-induced quantum matter — revealing multiquantum coherences, separating nonlinear response functions and capturing collective modes and quantum kinetics on ultrafast THz timescales. This Perspective discusses the technical capabilities of THz-2DCS, provides a comparison to other multidimensional and coherent transient spectroscopies and looks ahead towards opportunities for advancing THz-2DCS instrumentation and experimental strategies towards new frontier discoveries. Terahertz 2D coherent spectroscopy can be used to probe phase-resolved, multidimensional spectra of quantum materials. This Perspective discusses the capabilities of this method and provides a comparison with other multidimensional spectroscopies.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 3","pages":"171-185"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00911-8
Adam Gammon-Smith, Michael Knap, Frank Pollmann
It is an ongoing quest to realize topologically ordered quantum states on different platforms including condensed matter systems, quantum simulators and digital quantum processors. Unlike conventional states characterized by their local order, these exotic states are characterized by their non-local entanglement. The consequences of topological order can be as profound as they are surprising, ranging from the emergence of fractionalized anyonic excitations to potentially providing a scalable platform for quantum error correction. This deep connection to quantum computing naturally motivates the realization and study of topologically ordered quantum states on quantum processors. However, owing to the non-local nature of these states, their study presents a challenge for near-term quantum devices. This Perspective aims to review the recent progress towards the experimental realization of topologically ordered quantum states, their potential applications and promising directions of future research. Topological phases in quantum many-body systems emerge from long-range entanglement rather than symmetry breaking, giving rise to properties such as topology-dependent degeneracy, protected edge modes and anyonic excitations. This Review discusses recent advances on how to realize and study such interacting topological states on digital quantum computers.
{"title":"Simulating topological order on quantum processors","authors":"Adam Gammon-Smith, Michael Knap, Frank Pollmann","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00911-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00911-8","url":null,"abstract":"It is an ongoing quest to realize topologically ordered quantum states on different platforms including condensed matter systems, quantum simulators and digital quantum processors. Unlike conventional states characterized by their local order, these exotic states are characterized by their non-local entanglement. The consequences of topological order can be as profound as they are surprising, ranging from the emergence of fractionalized anyonic excitations to potentially providing a scalable platform for quantum error correction. This deep connection to quantum computing naturally motivates the realization and study of topologically ordered quantum states on quantum processors. However, owing to the non-local nature of these states, their study presents a challenge for near-term quantum devices. This Perspective aims to review the recent progress towards the experimental realization of topologically ordered quantum states, their potential applications and promising directions of future research. Topological phases in quantum many-body systems emerge from long-range entanglement rather than symmetry breaking, giving rise to properties such as topology-dependent degeneracy, protected edge modes and anyonic excitations. This Review discusses recent advances on how to realize and study such interacting topological states on digital quantum computers.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 3","pages":"160-170"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147383192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00909-2
Michael R. Douglas
The Yang–Mills Millennium Prize problem is one of the great challenges of mathematical physics. In the quarter century since it was set, what progress has been made? This Review outlines the problem from a physics point of view, gives its physical background, explains its nature and significance as a problem in mathematics and surveys promising approaches from recent years. Yang–Mills theory is the basis of the standard model of particle physics. The Yang–Mills Millennium Prize problem, to show that the theory is mathematically well defined and that it has the mass gap property, is one of the great challenges of mathematical physics. This Review explores the problem from both physical and mathematical points of view and surveys promising approaches from recent years.
{"title":"The Yang–Mills Millennium problem","authors":"Michael R. Douglas","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00909-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00909-2","url":null,"abstract":"The Yang–Mills Millennium Prize problem is one of the great challenges of mathematical physics. In the quarter century since it was set, what progress has been made? This Review outlines the problem from a physics point of view, gives its physical background, explains its nature and significance as a problem in mathematics and surveys promising approaches from recent years. Yang–Mills theory is the basis of the standard model of particle physics. The Yang–Mills Millennium Prize problem, to show that the theory is mathematically well defined and that it has the mass gap property, is one of the great challenges of mathematical physics. This Review explores the problem from both physical and mathematical points of view and surveys promising approaches from recent years.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 2","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00906-5
Dario Ferraro, Fabio Cavaliere, Marco G. Genoni, Giuliano Benenti, Maura Sassetti
Quantum batteries harness the principles of quantum mechanics to transfer, store and release energy within quantum systems on demand. Emerging from foundational research at the intersection of quantum physics, thermodynamics and information theory, the field of quantum batteries introduces new principles for energy manipulation rooted in quantum mechanics. This rapidly expanding field of research spans foundational studies on the thermodynamic limits of battery performance and the potential for quantum advantage, alongside the development of theoretical models and the design of innovative architectures for experimental proof-of-principle demonstrations. In this Perspective, we aim to introduce the core concepts, survey the current theoretical and experimental landscape, and highlight opportunities and challenges in the pursuit of more efficient and scalable quantum energy storage devices. Quantum batteries are miniaturized energy storage devices that exploit the laws of quantum mechanics. This Perspective highlights major theoretical and experimental advances, promising directions and key challenges in this emerging field.
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges of quantum batteries","authors":"Dario Ferraro, Fabio Cavaliere, Marco G. Genoni, Giuliano Benenti, Maura Sassetti","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00906-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00906-5","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum batteries harness the principles of quantum mechanics to transfer, store and release energy within quantum systems on demand. Emerging from foundational research at the intersection of quantum physics, thermodynamics and information theory, the field of quantum batteries introduces new principles for energy manipulation rooted in quantum mechanics. This rapidly expanding field of research spans foundational studies on the thermodynamic limits of battery performance and the potential for quantum advantage, alongside the development of theoretical models and the design of innovative architectures for experimental proof-of-principle demonstrations. In this Perspective, we aim to introduce the core concepts, survey the current theoretical and experimental landscape, and highlight opportunities and challenges in the pursuit of more efficient and scalable quantum energy storage devices. Quantum batteries are miniaturized energy storage devices that exploit the laws of quantum mechanics. This Perspective highlights major theoretical and experimental advances, promising directions and key challenges in this emerging field.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 2","pages":"115-127"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146148368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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