Pub Date : 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00913-6
Review articles often celebrate the wins of a research field, but they can also play a crucial role in highlighting limitations to bring realistic opportunities into focus.
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Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00908-3
Josephine Hunout, Shey Dylan Lovett, Jessica Wade, Isabella von Holstein
Quantum education in the UK is fragmented and poorly advertised. Raising awareness of available training and career pathways will expand and strengthen the quantum workforce and is essential to meeting national quantum ambitions.
{"title":"Quantum training in the UK needs better visibility","authors":"Josephine Hunout, Shey Dylan Lovett, Jessica Wade, Isabella von Holstein","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00908-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00908-3","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum education in the UK is fragmented and poorly advertised. Raising awareness of available training and career pathways will expand and strengthen the quantum workforce and is essential to meeting national quantum ambitions.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"2-4"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00896-4
Yi Cui (, ), Zewen Zhang, Robert Sinclair, Wah Chiu, Yi Cui (, )
In the life sciences, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structure determination by providing atomic-resolution structures of biomolecules in their native environment and in multiple conformational states. The applications of cryo-EM techniques have been extended from structural biology, which mainly focuses on structural information, to materials science, where chemical and physical information are equally important. In this Technical Review, we focus on sample preparation methods and imaging strategies to enable high-resolution imaging of beam-sensitive materials while avoiding electron-beam damage. We also survey emerging methods and applications, with an emphasis on energy materials. This Technical Review highlights advances in cryo-electron microscopy for materials science, covering sample preparation, low-dose imaging and analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. It discusses strategies to mitigate electron-beam damage and enable high-resolution 2D and 3D imaging of beam-sensitive energy materials.
{"title":"Cryogenic electron microscopy and tomography for beam-sensitive materials","authors":"Yi Cui \u0000 (, ), Zewen Zhang, Robert Sinclair, Wah Chiu, Yi Cui \u0000 (, )","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00896-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00896-4","url":null,"abstract":"In the life sciences, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionized structure determination by providing atomic-resolution structures of biomolecules in their native environment and in multiple conformational states. The applications of cryo-EM techniques have been extended from structural biology, which mainly focuses on structural information, to materials science, where chemical and physical information are equally important. In this Technical Review, we focus on sample preparation methods and imaging strategies to enable high-resolution imaging of beam-sensitive materials while avoiding electron-beam damage. We also survey emerging methods and applications, with an emphasis on energy materials. This Technical Review highlights advances in cryo-electron microscopy for materials science, covering sample preparation, low-dose imaging and analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy techniques. It discusses strategies to mitigate electron-beam damage and enable high-resolution 2D and 3D imaging of beam-sensitive energy materials.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"40-54"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00910-9
Rebekah Higgitt
Over its 350 years of history, the establishment and evolution of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, reflects the history of scientific institutions in Britain.
在其350年的历史中，格林威治皇家天文台的建立和演变反映了英国科学机构的历史。
{"title":"The Royal Observatory, Greenwich, and government-funded science","authors":"Rebekah Higgitt","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00910-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00910-9","url":null,"abstract":"Over its 350 years of history, the establishment and evolution of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, reflects the history of scientific institutions in Britain.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"5-6"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00904-7
As we close our seventh volume, we reflect on some of the highlights of the year.
在我们结束第七卷时，我们回顾了今年的一些亮点。
{"title":"2025 at Nature Reviews Physics","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00904-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00904-7","url":null,"abstract":"As we close our seventh volume, we reflect on some of the highlights of the year.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 12","pages":"671-671"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-025-00904-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00893-7
Dominik Kraus, Thomas R. Preston, Ulf Zastrau
‘If you can measure it, it is not warm dense matter, and if you can compute it, it is not warm dense matter’ is a tongue-in-cheek aphorism for the peculiar state of matter between condensed matter and hot plasma. It is present in the interior of large planets, in small stars and transiently in inertial confinement fusion concepts. Owing to substantial developments in theoretical methods, computational capabilities and new experimental infrastructures, this definition has now become outdated. Hard X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have proven an especially useful tool to advance the understanding of warm dense matter by allowing precision measurements that can benchmark atomistic simulations and macroscopic models with high resolution in space and time. In this Review, we provide an overview of experimental techniques and summarize the past decade of XFEL research on warm dense matter, which has been dominated by proof-of-principle experiments. Looking forward, we provide an outline of ongoing and expected facility developments in the context of prominent science goals, ranging from astrophysics to new high-performance materials and fusion energy. Warm dense matter — the peculiar state between condensed matter and hot plasma — can be studied with exceptional detail at X-ray free-electron laser facilities. This Review summarizes pioneering experiments and discusses the perspectives for the near and mid-term future.
{"title":"Warm dense matter studies with X-ray free-electron lasers","authors":"Dominik Kraus, Thomas R. Preston, Ulf Zastrau","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00893-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00893-7","url":null,"abstract":"‘If you can measure it, it is not warm dense matter, and if you can compute it, it is not warm dense matter’ is a tongue-in-cheek aphorism for the peculiar state of matter between condensed matter and hot plasma. It is present in the interior of large planets, in small stars and transiently in inertial confinement fusion concepts. Owing to substantial developments in theoretical methods, computational capabilities and new experimental infrastructures, this definition has now become outdated. Hard X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have proven an especially useful tool to advance the understanding of warm dense matter by allowing precision measurements that can benchmark atomistic simulations and macroscopic models with high resolution in space and time. In this Review, we provide an overview of experimental techniques and summarize the past decade of XFEL research on warm dense matter, which has been dominated by proof-of-principle experiments. Looking forward, we provide an outline of ongoing and expected facility developments in the context of prominent science goals, ranging from astrophysics to new high-performance materials and fusion energy. Warm dense matter — the peculiar state between condensed matter and hot plasma — can be studied with exceptional detail at X-ray free-electron laser facilities. This Review summarizes pioneering experiments and discusses the perspectives for the near and mid-term future.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"27-39"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145916063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00902-9
Nina Meinzer
A paper in Optica shows how sound can be used to determine properties of an optical pulse.
《光学》杂志上的一篇论文展示了如何利用声音来确定光脉冲的特性。
{"title":"The sound of ionization","authors":"Nina Meinzer","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00902-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00902-9","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in Optica shows how sound can be used to determine properties of an optical pulse.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 12","pages":"680-680"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1038/s42254-025-00905-6
May Chiao
{"title":"A changing of the guard for dark energy?","authors":"May Chiao","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00905-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00905-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 12","pages":"681-681"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ratchet effect helps explain how a carnivorous plant predates","authors":"Zoe Budrikis","doi":"10.1038/s42254-025-00900-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s42254-025-00900-x","url":null,"abstract":"A paper in PNAS shows how ideas from the physics of active matter can help explain the workings of a rare carnivorous plant.","PeriodicalId":19024,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Physics","volume":"7 12","pages":"679-679"},"PeriodicalIF":39.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145652860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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