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Single-molecule FRET for probing nanoscale biomolecular dynamics 用于探测纳米级生物分子动力学的单分子 FRET
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00748-7
Daniel Nettels, Nicola Galvanetto, Miloš T. Ivanović, Mark Nüesch, Tianjin Yang, Benjamin Schuler

Single-molecule spectroscopy is a powerful method for studying the physics of molecular systems, particularly biomolecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids. By avoiding ensemble averaging, single-molecule techniques can resolve structural distributions and fluctuations even for complex and conformationally heterogeneous systems; they also reveal the close link between biological function and the statistical mechanics of the underlying processes. The combination of single-molecule fluorescence detection with Förster resonance energy transfer has become an essential tool for probing biomolecular dynamics on timescales ranging from nanoseconds to days. This Review briefly outlines the state of the art of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer spectroscopy and then highlights some of the most important physics-based developments that are expected to further expand the scope of the technique. Key areas of progress include improved time resolution, access to nonequilibrium dynamics and synergies with advances in data analysis and simulations. These developments create new opportunities for attaining a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics and functional mechanisms of biological processes at the nanoscale.

单分子光谱学是研究分子系统,特别是蛋白质和核酸等生物大分子物理学的一种强大方法。通过避免集合平均,单分子技术甚至可以解析复杂和构象异构系统的结构分布和波动;它们还揭示了生物功能与基本过程的统计力学之间的密切联系。单分子荧光检测与福斯特共振能量转移的结合已成为探测生物分子动力学的重要工具,其时间尺度从纳秒到天不等。本综述简要概述了单分子佛斯特共振能量转移光谱技术的现状,然后重点介绍了一些最重要的基于物理学的发展,这些发展有望进一步扩大该技术的应用范围。进展的关键领域包括时间分辨率的提高、非平衡态动力学的获得以及与数据分析和模拟进展的协同作用。这些发展为全面了解纳米尺度生物过程的动力学和功能机制创造了新的机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Mapping the landscape for graphene commercialization 描绘石墨烯商业化前景
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00754-9
Terrance Barkan, Chirag R. Ratwani, Dexter Johnson, Kishan Thodkar, Cary Hill
20 years on from the isolation of graphene, over 150,000 graphene-related patents have been filed. Yet despite early promises of integration into semiconducting and photonic devices, the biggest applications to date have been in energy storage and polymers. This article analyses graphene commercialization over the past two decades and discusses the role of graphene in applications towards net-zero carbon.
石墨烯分离至今已有 20 年,与石墨烯相关的专利申请已超过 15 万项。然而,尽管早期承诺将石墨烯集成到半导体和光子设备中,但迄今为止最大的应用还是在能量存储和聚合物领域。本文分析了过去二十年石墨烯的商业化进程,并讨论了石墨烯在实现净零碳的应用中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
A model for changing land use 改变土地用途的模式
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00761-w
Zoe Budrikis
A paper in Royal Society Open Science presents an Ising-like model to describe changes in land use.
英国皇家学会《开放科学》上的一篇论文提出了一个类似 Ising 的模型来描述土地利用的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Farewells and hellos at Nature Reviews Physics 自然-物理评论》的告别与再见
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00759-4
This month, we say farewell to our founding Chief Editor, Iulia Georgescu and greet our new Chief Editor, Nina Meinzer. We also thank our first Advisory Board members (2023–2024) and welcome our next Advisory Board.
本月,我们向创刊主编 Iulia Georgescu 告别,并迎接新任主编 Nina Meinzer。我们还要感谢首届顾问委员会成员(2023-2024 年),并欢迎下一届顾问委员会成员。
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引用次数: 0
100 years of the Ising model 伊辛模型 100 年
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00760-x
Zoe Budrikis
In 1924, Ernst Ising thought he showed a simple model for ferromagnetism couldn''t work. 100 years later, that model, now named for him, is used across all of physics.
1924 年,恩斯特-伊辛(Ernst Ising)认为,他展示的铁磁性简单模型不可能奏效。100 年后,这个现在以他的名字命名的模型被广泛应用于物理学的各个领域。
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引用次数: 0
Ising-like model predicts close elections 类等效应模型预测选举结果接近
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00753-w
Zoe Budrikis
A model of voters, based on the Ising model, gives an explanation for why elections are often so close.
基于伊辛模型的选民模型解释了为什么选举往往如此接近。
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引用次数: 0
A fully connected Ising machine using standard technology 采用标准技术的全连接伊辛机床
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00757-6
Zoe Budrikis
A paper in Nature Electronics reports a proof-of-concept Ising machine with all-to-all connectivity.
自然-电子学》(Nature Electronics)杂志上的一篇论文报道了一种具有全对全连接性的概念验证伊辛机。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring interactions in a circadian clock 测量昼夜节律时钟中的相互作用
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00755-8
Zoe Budrikis
An article in Nature Communications uses an Ising-like model to determine the interactions between monomers in a component of the cyanobacterial circadian clock.
自然-通讯》(Nature Communications)杂志上的一篇文章利用类似伊辛模型的方法确定了蓝藻昼夜节律钟一个组成部分中单体之间的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Emergent U(1) lattice gauge theory in Rydberg atom arrays 雷德贝格原子阵列中的新兴 U(1) 格规理论
IF 44.8 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00749-6
Yanting Cheng, Hui Zhai
Rydberg atom arrays have emerged as a novel platform exhibiting rich quantum many-body physics and offering promise for universal quantum computation. The Rydberg blockade effect plays an essential role in establishing many-body correlations in this system. Over the past 2 or 3 years, Rydberg arrays have been used to realize exotic ground states such as spin liquids, quantum many-body scar states violating quantum thermalization, and a confinement–deconfinement transition through quantum dynamics. In this Perspective, we use lattice gauge theory as a universal theoretical framework to describe the Rydberg blockade effect and the recent exciting developments in this system from equilibrium phases to quantum dynamics. Analysing Rydberg atom arrays through this theoretical framework can reveal their connection with other strongly correlated systems, such as the Fermi–Hubbard model and the lattice gauge model, which can inspire the discovery of new phenomena in this platform. The Rydberg atomic array is an emerging quantum many-body physics platform, exhibiting rich physical phenomena, such as quantum spin liquids and quantum scar states. This Perspective analyses the latest progress in this system through a unified theoretical framework — lattice gauge theory — providing new insights for quantum simulation.
雷德贝格原子阵列作为一种新型平台出现,展示了丰富的量子多体物理学,为通用量子计算带来了希望。雷德贝格封锁效应在该系统中建立多体相关性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。在过去的两三年里,Rydberg 阵列已被用于实现奇异的基态,如自旋液体、违反量子热化的量子多体痕态,以及通过量子动力学实现的约束-解约束转变。在本《视角》中,我们使用晶格规理论作为通用理论框架来描述雷德贝格封锁效应,以及该系统从平衡相到量子动力学的最新激动人心的发展。通过这一理论框架分析雷德贝格原子阵列,可以揭示其与其他强相关系统(如费米-哈伯德模型和格规模型)的联系,从而启发人们发现这一平台中的新现象。雷德堡原子阵列是一个新兴的量子多体物理平台,展示了丰富的物理现象,如量子自旋液体和量子痕态。本视角通过统一的理论框架--格规理论--分析了这一系统的最新进展,为量子模拟提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
The co-evolution of computational physics and high-performance computing 计算物理学与高性能计算的共同发展
IF 38.5 1区 物理与天体物理 Q1 PHYSICS, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-024-00750-z
Jack Dongarra, David Keyes

High-performance computational physics has been instrumental in advancing scientific research by regularly providing breakthroughs in speed, accuracy and modelling fidelity. This Perspective highlights the contributions of physicists to the development of high-performance computing infrastructure, algorithms and applications from the early days of computing to the exascale era. We recall the pioneering work of Fermi and von Neumann, who set directions and laid foundations for computational science and examine the ongoing impact of physicists in overcoming current challenges in high-performance computing, such as energy consumption and data storage. As we celebrate milestones such as exascale computing and generative artificial intelligence, it is inspiring to recognize the enduring influence of physicists in driving technological innovations and ensuring the future progress of computational science.

高性能计算物理学在速度、准确性和建模保真度方面不断取得突破,为推动科学研究发挥了重要作用。本《视角》重点介绍了从计算早期到超大规模时代,物理学家对高性能计算基础设施、算法和应用的发展所做出的贡献。我们回顾了费米和冯-诺依曼的开创性工作,他们为计算科学指明了方向并奠定了基础,我们还审视了物理学家在克服当前高性能计算挑战(如能耗和数据存储)方面的持续影响。当我们庆祝超大规模计算和生成式人工智能等里程碑时,认识到物理学家在推动技术创新和确保计算科学未来进步方面的持久影响,令人深受鼓舞。
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引用次数: 0
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