Soybean water‐use efficiency increased over 80 years of breeding

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1002/csc2.21404
Jose R. Costa Netto, Hussien I. Taresh Almtarfi, Jiahe Li, Derek T. Anderson, Felix B. Fritschi
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Abstract

Breeders successfully increased US soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yields over the past nearly 100 years and altered various plant characteristics underpinning the yield gains. However, the impact of breeding on plant‐level water‐use efficiency (WUEp) has not been examined yet. This study, conducted across eight environments using maturity group IV cultivars released between 1930 and 2005, aimed to (1) determine if soybean WUEp, assessed using C isotope composition (δ13C) measurements on shoot biomass sampled at early seed filling (R5), has changed with cultivar year of release (YoR), and (2) assess how canopy temperature (CT) and WUEp relate to each other and to seed yield. Across environments and cultivars, δ13C ranged from −27.52‰ to −28.24‰ and the correlation between cultivar YoR and WUEp was positive in four individual environments (p ≤ 0.07), as well as across the eight environments (p = 0.0083), with an average increase of shoot δ13C of 0.004‰ per year of soybean breeding. Lower average δ13C values for specific environments were associated with higher precipitation prior to biomass sampling, which is consistent with a lower WUEp when more water was available. Interestingly, across environments, midday CT at early seed filling was negatively correlated with YoR and WUEp, suggesting that intrinsic WUE of more recently released cultivars was lower during high demand periods. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these relationships between WUEp and CT and to identify physiological mechanisms that can be targeted for breeding high‐yielding cultivars while increasing or maintaining WUEp.
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经过 80 多年的育种,大豆用水效率得到提高
在过去近 100 年中,育种人员成功提高了美国大豆 [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] 的产量,并改变了支撑产量提高的各种植物特性。然而,育种对植株水分利用效率(WUEp)的影响尚未得到研究。本研究利用 1930 年至 2005 年间发布的成熟度组 IV 栽培品种在八种环境中进行,目的是:(1) 确定大豆的水分利用效率(通过对种子灌浆初期(R5)采样的嫩枝生物量进行 C 同位素组成(δ13C)测量来评估)是否随栽培品种的发布年份(YoR)而变化;(2) 评估冠层温度(CT)和水分利用效率(WUEp)之间以及与种子产量之间的关系。在不同的环境和栽培品种中,δ13C 的范围为 -27.52‰ 至 -28.24‰,栽培品种 YoR 与 WUEp 之间的相关性在四个单独的环境中呈正相关(p ≤ 0.07),在八个环境中也呈正相关(p = 0.0083),大豆育种的每一年芽δ13C 平均增加 0.004‰。特定环境中较低的δ13C 平均值与生物量取样前较高的降水量有关,这与水分较多时较低的 WUEp 值一致。有趣的是,在不同环境中,种子灌浆初期的正午CT与YoR和WUEp呈负相关,这表明在高需求期,新近发布的栽培品种的内在WUE较低。需要进一步研究以了解 WUEp 与 CT 之间关系的内在机制,并确定可用于培育高产栽培品种的生理机制,同时提高或保持 WUEp。
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来源期刊
Crop Science
Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in Crop Science are of interest to researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners. The scope of articles in Crop Science includes crop breeding and genetics; crop physiology and metabolism; crop ecology, production, and management; seed physiology, production, and technology; turfgrass science; forage and grazing land ecology and management; genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology; germplasm collections and their use; and biomedical, health beneficial, and nutritionally enhanced plants. Crop Science publishes thematic collections of articles across its scope and includes topical Review and Interpretation, and Perspectives articles.
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