Investigating multi‐trophic effects of St. Augustinegrass cultivar blends in the Southeastern United States

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Crop Science Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1002/csc2.21399
James Louis Pinkney, Basil V. Iannone, Susana Milla‐Lewis, R. van der Laat, J. Bryan Unruh, Marco Schiavon, Adam G. Dale
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Abstract

Warm‐season turfgrasses, including St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], are produced and installed as monocultures of single cultivars. Recent research indicates that blending St. Augustinegrass cultivars can increase turfgrass stand resilience to insect pests, establishment of undesired plant species, and abiotic stressors without reducing plant performance. However, effects on specific key turfgrass insect pests are less documented and the mechanisms driving changes in turfgrass stand resilience are unclear. Moreover, it remains unknown if the effects of cultivar blends on biotic resistance vary across St. Augustinegrass’ range. Here, we pair a regional common garden observational field study with a controlled greenhouse experiment to isolate the effects of cultivar blends on the recruitment of predatory arthropods (top‐down pest regulation) and on southern chinch bug [Blissus insularis Barber] performance (bottom‐up pest regulation). We find that cultivar diversity has no effect on natural enemy recruitment but natural enemies do vary predictably with changes in geographic location. In contrast to our hypothesis, southern chinch bug reached higher densities in cultivar blends compared to cultivar monocultures, although this effect was driven by specific cultivar blends. Despite higher pest densities in turfgrass blends on average, blends of four St. Augustinegrass cultivars maintained a higher percent green cover than cultivar monocultures, suggesting that cultivar blends can persist longer under elevated pest densities compared to cultivar monocultures. Our findings can guide future research focused on blending warm‐season turfgrass cultivars as an integrated pest management strategy for more resilient and sustainable turfgrass lawns.
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调查美国东南部圣奥古斯丁草混播品种的多营养效应
暖季型草坪草,包括圣奥古斯汀草[Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze],都是作为单一栽培品种的单一栽培品种生产和种植的。最近的研究表明,将圣奥古斯丁草栽培品种混合种植,可以提高草坪对虫害、不受欢迎植物物种的生长以及非生物压力的适应能力,同时不会降低植物的生长性能。然而,对特定主要草坪害虫的影响记载较少,草坪植株抗逆性变化的驱动机制也不清楚。此外,栽培品种混配对生物抗性的影响在圣奥古斯丁草分布区是否存在差异仍是未知数。在此,我们将一项区域性普通花园观察性田间研究与一项温室对照实验相结合,以分离出栽培品种混交对捕食性节肢动物的招募(自上而下的害虫调节)和对南方蝽(Blissus insularis Barber)的表现(自下而上的害虫调节)的影响。我们发现,栽培品种多样性对天敌招募没有影响,但天敌会随着地理位置的变化而发生可预测的变化。与我们的假设相反,与单一栽培品种相比,南方恙螨在混合栽培品种中的密度更高,尽管这种影响是由特定混合栽培品种引起的。尽管草坪草混播的害虫密度平均较高,但四种圣奥古斯丁草栽培品种混播的绿化覆盖率仍高于栽培品种单播,这表明与栽培品种单播相比,栽培品种混播能在害虫密度较高的情况下持续更长时间。我们的研究结果可以指导未来的研究,将暖季型草坪草栽培品种混播作为一种综合害虫管理策略,以提高草坪草的抗逆性和可持续发展能力。
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来源期刊
Crop Science
Crop Science 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.70%
发文量
197
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Articles in Crop Science are of interest to researchers, policy makers, educators, and practitioners. The scope of articles in Crop Science includes crop breeding and genetics; crop physiology and metabolism; crop ecology, production, and management; seed physiology, production, and technology; turfgrass science; forage and grazing land ecology and management; genomics, molecular genetics, and biotechnology; germplasm collections and their use; and biomedical, health beneficial, and nutritionally enhanced plants. Crop Science publishes thematic collections of articles across its scope and includes topical Review and Interpretation, and Perspectives articles.
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