Near-Unity Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol Based on a Molecule/Nanocarbon Hybrid Catalyst

Abstract

Solar-driven CO₂-to-methanol conversion provides an intriguing route for both solar energy storage and CO₂ mitigation. For scalable applications, near-unity methanol selectivity is highly desirable to reduce the energy and cost endowed by low-value byproducts and complex separation processes, but so far has not been achieved. Here we demonstrate a molecule/nanocarbon hybrid catalyst composed of carbon nanotube-supported molecularly dispersed cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc/CNT), which synergistically integrates high photothermal conversion capability for affording an optimal reaction temperature with homogeneous and intrinsically-efficient active sites, to achieve a catalytic activity of 2.4 mmol g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ and selectivity of ~99 % in direct photothermal CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol reaction. Both theoretical calculations and operando characterizations consistently confirm that the unique electronic structure of CoPc and appropriate reaction temperature cooperatively enable a thermodynamic favorable reaction pathway for highly selective methanol production. This work represents an important milestone towards the development of advanced photothermal catalysts for scalable and cost-effective CO₂ hydrogenation.