Sex-specific dietary habits and their association with weight change in healthy adults.

IF 7 1区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL BMC Medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1186/s12916-024-03730-3
Michal Rein, Matan Elkan, Anastasia Godneva, Noa Cohen Dolev, Eran Segal
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Dietary intake plays a pivotal role in the prevalence and management of obesity. While women and men exhibit differences in dietary habits and food-related behaviors, sex-based weight loss recommendations are lacking. This study aims to examine the impact of specific foods and food categories on weight reduction in men and women over a two-year period.

Methods: A total of 8,548 participants from the 10K cohort, from 2019 to 2023, were included in the analysis (53.1% women, mean age 51.7 years). Anthropometric measurements and laboratory results were collected at baseline and at the two-year follow-up visit. Dietary assessment was based on daily food intake digitally logged through an application for at least 3 consecutive days at both timepoints. We compared intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, food groups and daily energy consumption between sex and body mass index (BMI) categories at baseline and weight change categories at follow-up. Using linear regression, we assessed the associations between food categories or specific foods and BMI at baseline as well as weight change percentage at follow-up.

Results: Dietary habits varied by BMI and sex. Women and men living with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) reported a greater intake of animal-based protein and lower intake of plant-based proteins and fats at baseline, as compared to participants with normal weight. In linear regression models predicting two-year weight change, including age, income, and baseline weight, the explained variance was 5.6% for men and 5.8% for women. Adding food categories and specific foods increased the explained variance to 20.6% for men and 17.5% for women. Weight reduction in men was linked to daily consumption of an egg (1.2% decrease) and beef (1.5% decrease), while in women, the most pronounced reductions were associated with an apple (1.2% decrease) and cashew nuts (3.4% decrease). Notably, total energy intake changes significantly impacted weight outcomes only in women.

Conclusions: Sex-specific dietary habits significantly influence weight change over time. In men, weight loss was primarily associated with the addition of animal-based protein, while in women, it was linked to caloric deficit and plant-based fat, suggesting that sex-based nutritional interventions may demonstrate greater efficacy.

Trial registration: NCT05817734 (retrospectively registered January 31, 2023).

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健康成年人的性别饮食习惯及其与体重变化的关系。
背景:膳食摄入在肥胖症的发病率和管理中起着关键作用。虽然女性和男性在饮食习惯和与食物有关的行为方面存在差异,但却缺乏基于性别的减肥建议。本研究旨在探讨特定食物和食物类别对男性和女性在两年内减轻体重的影响:分析对象包括 2019 年至 2023 年 10K 队列中的 8548 名参与者(53.1% 为女性,平均年龄 51.7 岁)。在基线和两年随访时收集了人体测量和实验室结果。饮食评估基于两个时间点至少连续 3 天通过应用程序数字化记录的每日食物摄入量。我们比较了基线时不同性别和体重指数 (BMI) 类别的宏量营养素、微量营养素、食物类别和每日能量消耗摄入量,以及随访时不同体重变化类别的摄入量。通过线性回归,我们评估了食物类别或特定食物与基线体重指数以及随访时体重变化百分比之间的关联:结果:饮食习惯因体重指数和性别而异。与体重正常的参与者相比,患有肥胖症(体重指数大于 30 kg/m2)的女性和男性在基线时摄入更多的动物性蛋白质,而摄入较少的植物性蛋白质和脂肪。在预测两年体重变化的线性回归模型(包括年龄、收入和基线体重)中,男性的解释方差为 5.6%,女性为 5.8%。加入食物类别和特定食物后,男性和女性的解释方差分别增加到 20.6%和 17.5%。男性体重减轻与每天食用一个鸡蛋(减少 1.2%)和牛肉(减少 1.5%)有关,而女性体重减轻最明显与每天食用一个苹果(减少 1.2%)和腰果(减少 3.4%)有关。值得注意的是,总能量摄入的变化只对女性的体重结果有显著影响:结论:不同性别的饮食习惯会显著影响体重随时间的变化。男性的体重减轻主要与增加动物性蛋白质有关,而女性的体重减轻则与热量不足和植物性脂肪有关,这表明基于性别的营养干预可能会产生更大的效果:试验注册:NCT05817734(2023年1月31日回顾性注册)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
BMC Medicine
BMC Medicine 医学-医学:内科
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
1.10%
发文量
435
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: BMC Medicine is an open access, transparent peer-reviewed general medical journal. It is the flagship journal of the BMC series and publishes outstanding and influential research in various areas including clinical practice, translational medicine, medical and health advances, public health, global health, policy, and general topics of interest to the biomedical and sociomedical professional communities. In addition to research articles, the journal also publishes stimulating debates, reviews, unique forum articles, and concise tutorials. All articles published in BMC Medicine are included in various databases such as Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS, CAS, Citebase, Current contents, DOAJ, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Citation Index Expanded, OAIster, SCImago, Scopus, SOCOLAR, and Zetoc.
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