Physical mechanism reveals bacterial slowdown above a critical number of flagella.

IF 3.7 2区 综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES Journal of The Royal Society Interface Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1098/rsif.2024.0283
Maria Tătulea-Codrean, Eric Lauga
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Abstract

Numerous studies have explored the link between bacterial swimming and the number of flagella, a distinguishing feature of motile multi-flagellated bacteria. We revisit this open question using augmented slender-body theory simulations, in which we resolve the full hydrodynamic interactions within a bundle of helical filaments rotating and translating in synchrony. Unlike previous studies, our model considers the full torque-speed relationship of the bacterial flagellar motor, revealing its significant impact on multi-flagellated swimming. Because the viscous load per motor decreases with the flagellar number, the bacterial flagellar motor transitions from the high-load to the low-load regime at a critical number of filaments, leading to bacterial slowdown as further flagella are added to the bundle. We explain the physical mechanism behind the observed slowdown as an interplay between the load-dependent generation of torque by the motor, and the load-reducing cooperativity between flagella, which consists of both hydrodynamic and non-hydrodynamic components. The theoretically predicted critical number of flagella is remarkably close to the values reported for the model organism Escherichia coli. Our model further predicts that the critical number of flagella increases with viscosity, suggesting that bacteria can enhance their swimming capacity by growing more flagella in more viscous environments, consistent with empirical observations.

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物理机制揭示了细菌在鞭毛数量超过临界值时速度减慢的现象。
许多研究探讨了细菌游动与鞭毛数量之间的联系,鞭毛数量是多鞭毛运动细菌的一个显著特征。我们利用增强细长体理论模拟重新探讨了这个未决问题,在模拟中,我们解决了同步旋转和平移的螺旋丝束内的全部流体动力学相互作用。与之前的研究不同,我们的模型考虑了细菌鞭毛马达的全部扭矩-速度关系,揭示了其对多鞭毛游动的重大影响。由于每个马达的粘性负荷随鞭毛数量的增加而减少,因此细菌鞭毛马达会在鞭毛数量达到临界值时从高负荷状态过渡到低负荷状态,从而导致细菌在鞭毛束中增加更多鞭毛时速度减慢。我们将所观察到的减速现象背后的物理机制解释为马达产生的转矩与鞭毛之间的减载协同作用之间的相互作用。理论预测的鞭毛临界数量与模式生物大肠杆菌的数值非常接近。我们的模型进一步预测,鞭毛的临界数量会随着粘度的增加而增加,这表明细菌可以通过在粘度更高的环境中生长更多的鞭毛来提高它们的游泳能力,这与经验观察结果是一致的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of The Royal Society Interface
Journal of The Royal Society Interface 综合性期刊-综合性期刊
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
2.60%
发文量
234
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: J. R. Soc. Interface welcomes articles of high quality research at the interface of the physical and life sciences. It provides a high-quality forum to publish rapidly and interact across this boundary in two main ways: J. R. Soc. Interface publishes research applying chemistry, engineering, materials science, mathematics and physics to the biological and medical sciences; it also highlights discoveries in the life sciences of relevance to the physical sciences. Both sides of the interface are considered equally and it is one of the only journals to cover this exciting new territory. J. R. Soc. Interface welcomes contributions on a diverse range of topics, including but not limited to; biocomplexity, bioengineering, bioinformatics, biomaterials, biomechanics, bionanoscience, biophysics, chemical biology, computer science (as applied to the life sciences), medical physics, synthetic biology, systems biology, theoretical biology and tissue engineering.
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