Evolution of Large Eyes in Stromboidea (Gastropoda): Impact of Photic Environment and Life History Traits.

IF 6.1 1区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Systematic Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1093/sysbio/syae063
Alison R Irwin, Nicholas W Roberts, Ellen E Strong, Yasunori Kano, Daniel I Speiser, Elizabeth M Harper, Suzanne T Williams
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Abstract

Eyes within the marine gastropod superfamily Stromboidea range widely in size, from 0.2 to 2.3 mm - the largest eyes known in any gastropod. Despite this interesting variation, the underlying evolutionary pressures remain unknown. Here, we use the wealth of material available in museum collections to explore the evolution of stromboid eye size and structure. Our results suggest that depth is a key light-limiting factor in stromboid eye evolution; here, increasing water depth is correlated with increasing aperture width relative to lens diameter, and therefore an increasing investment in sensitivity in dim light environments. In the major clade containing all large-eyed stromboid families, species observed active during the day and the night had wider eye apertures relative to lens sizes than species observed active during the day only, thereby prioritising sensitivity over resolution. Species with no consistent diel activity pattern also had smaller body sizes than exclusively day-active species, which may suggest that smaller animals are more vulnerable to shell-crushing predators, and avoid the higher predation pressure experienced by animals active during the day. Within the same major clade, ancestral state reconstruction suggests that absolute eye size increased above 1 mm twice. The unresolved position of Varicospira, however, weakens this hypothesis and further work with additional markers is needed to confirm this result.

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石龙子目(腹足纲)大眼的进化:光环境和生活史特征的影响。
海洋腹足纲虾形目超科的眼睛大小不一,从 0.2 毫米到 2.3 毫米不等,这是已知腹足纲动物中最大的眼睛。尽管存在这种有趣的差异,但其背后的进化压力仍然未知。在这里,我们利用博物馆收藏的大量材料来探索石龙子眼大小和结构的进化。我们的研究结果表明,深度是节肢动物眼睛进化过程中一个关键的光限制因素;在这里,水深的增加与相对于晶状体直径的孔径宽度的增加相关,因此在暗光环境中的灵敏度也在增加。在包含所有大眼石龙子科的主要支系中,昼夜都有活动的物种的眼孔相对于晶状体的大小要比只在白天活动的物种更宽,因此灵敏度要优先于分辨率。与只在白天活动的物种相比,没有一致的昼夜活动模式的物种的体型也较小,这可能表明较小的动物更容易受到碎壳捕食者的攻击,从而避免了在白天活动的动物所经历的较高的捕食压力。在同一主要支系中,祖先状态重建表明眼睛的绝对大小曾两次超过 1 毫米。然而,水蛭的位置尚未确定,这削弱了这一假设,因此需要使用更多的标记物来进一步证实这一结果。
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来源期刊
Systematic Biology
Systematic Biology 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
7.70%
发文量
70
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Systematic Biology is the bimonthly journal of the Society of Systematic Biologists. Papers for the journal are original contributions to the theory, principles, and methods of systematics as well as phylogeny, evolution, morphology, biogeography, paleontology, genetics, and the classification of all living things. A Points of View section offers a forum for discussion, while book reviews and announcements of general interest are also featured.
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