Embryonic and Pre-Larval Developmental Patterns in Cryptocentroides arabicus (Teleostei, Gobiidae)

Abstract

The Arabian goby, Cryptocentroides arabicus (Gobiidae: Gobiinae), is a significant species in marine and brackish water ecosystems. However, limited information is available about the reproductive biology and the early life history of this species. This study aimed to understand the embryonic and pre-larval development of C. arabicus under controlled laboratory conditions using light microscopy. Ten fish pairs were placed in five 70-L glass aquaria, and environmental parameters were carefully monitored. After 4 months, spawning began, with each event yielding between 700 and 1500 eggs, totaling 10 spawning events. The elliptical-shaped eggs, measuring 3.9 ± 0.1 mm in length and 1.6 mm in maximum width, hatched after 7 days and 4 h at a water temperature of 28°C. This process resulted in the identification of eight distinct larval developmental stages. Parental care by both the male and female was observed during the incubation period. Documenting the morphological changes during incubation contributes to a better understanding of the reproductive behaviour and early life history of C. arabicus. This is essential for the conservation management of marine and brackish water environments.