Anatomia Histologia Embryologia最新文献

Apoptosis plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and preventing pathological conditions. The accurate detection of apoptosis is crucial for both research and diagnostic pathology, yet conventional histological staining methods often lack the sensitivity to identify early apoptotic changes. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of classical and emerging mitochondria-targeting histological techniques in detecting apoptotic hepatocytes. Paraffinated hepatic tissue from five rabbits was analysed using haematoxylin–eosin (H&E), Goldner's trichrome (GT), immunohistochemistry for caspase-3 (IHC-Casp3) and Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin (HIH) staining. The percentage of apoptotic hepatocytes was quantified using two assessment methods, and statistical analyses determined the sensitivity of staining protocols. Histologically, the main apoptotic features identified in HIH-stained hepatic specimens were fading ‘ghost’ mitochondria throughout the cytoplasm, chromatin condensation, fragmentation and dissolution and nucleolar margination. A similar proportion of apoptotic hepatocytes on the HIH staining compared to IHC-Casp3 (19.00% ± 0.7 for HIH vs. 18.50% ± 0.7 for IHC-Casp3) was observed. In comparison, significantly lower values were obtained in H&E (5.75%) and GT (7.5%) stains. The lack of statistical significance of HIH vs. IHC-Casp3 demonstrates similar sensitivities. The additional quantitative analysis methods confirmed IHC as the most sensitive method (3.36 ± 3.82 apoptotic cells/field), followed by HIH, H&E, and GT. In situ histological evaluation of apoptosis remains challenging in standard H&E and GT-stained sections. HIH stain, as a cost-effective alternative to IHC, highlights early stages of apoptotic cells, providing a significant advantage over classical staining methods, emphasising their importance in diagnostic histopathology.

The greater rhea (Rhea americana), the largest bird species in South America, has significant economic value due to its meat, eggs, leather, feathers and oil. However, its lack of external sexual dimorphism poses challenges for reproductive management and breeding programmes. Key factors involved in avian gonadal differentiation include the cytochrome P450c17 (CYP17A1), P450 aromatase and the oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα). This study investigated the spatiotemporal immunolocalization of these proteins in germ and somatic cells of gonadal crests and developing gonads in R. americana embryos from Day 9 to Day 24 of incubation. Immunohistochemistry revealed consistent expression of all three markers throughout gonadogenesis, with distinct intensity patterns between sexes and cell types. P450c17 has been detected in both germ and somatic cells in testes and ovaries, with increasing expression from the onset of sexual differentiation. Aromatase and ERα were strongly expressed in the ovarian cortex and lacunar regions, and moderately present in testicular cords and interstitium. These findings suggest coordinated endocrine signalling between germ and somatic cells during embryonic sexual differentiation in R. americana and provide foundational insight for future research on reproductive development and sex control in ratites.

The white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) is a Neotropical marsupial that readily adapts to urban environments. Due to its presence in anthropogenic habitats, this species is frequently exposed to vehicle collisions and dog attacks. Such trauma often results in long bone fractures, with humeral and femoral fractures being common in roadkill specimens. Long bone fractures can be stabilised using external or internal skeletal fixation devices. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the anatomical features of the humerus and femur, as well as the associated muscular and neurovascular structures in the thoracic and pelvic limbs, is essential to guide surgical access to the humeral and femoral shafts in orthopaedic interventions. In this study, eight white-eared opossums were examined. Based on anatomical dissections and radiographic imaging, the morphology of the humerus and femur, as well as the muscular and nervous anatomy of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, was documented. The observed anatomical structures were largely consistent with those reported for domestic mammals, such as dogs, and wild species, including paca and capybara. Based on these findings, the medial approach is recommended as the most suitable for surgical access to the humeral diaphysis, while the craniolateral approach is most appropriate for access to the femoral diaphysis for the placement of compression plates in the white-eared opossum.

Mustafa, F. E. Z. A., B. M. Kamal, A. M. A. Meligy, et al. 2026. “Light and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study on the Structure of Donkey (Equus asinus) Accessory Adrenal Nodules,” Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 55, no. 1: e70077, https://doi.org/10.1111/ahe.70077.

In the published article, the province name ‘Al-Ahsa’ was omitted from the third, fifth and sixth affiliations. The correct affiliations should read as follows:

³Central Lab, Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

⁵Department of Agribusiness and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

⁶Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia

The accessory adrenal nodule is situated adjacent to the adrenal gland pole, enclosed in a strong connective tissue capsule that merges with the adrenal gland capsule on one side. The nodule is highly vascularised, and there is no medullary tissue present. There are four layers in the stroma: the zona glomerulosa, the zona intermedia, the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis.

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The detailed anatomical situation of male stillborn cephalo-thoracopagus twins in a wild ranging northern bat (Eptesicus nilssonii) is described by means of full body micro-CT scans in high resolution with three-dimensional computational reconstruction. The external anatomy was characterised by supernumerary wings and legs and marked cranial disfiguration. The most striking features of the internal anatomy were the presence of two hearts with different characteristics, three lungs with two tracheas, three kidneys as well as a doubled liver. Vascular aberrations and other organ deformities are described in detail. The monozygotic origin of the present parasitic conjoined twin was shown by genetic sequencing, analysis and relatedness calculations based on individual tissue samples from the autosite and the parasite. As the free ranging 1 year old mother of this twin returned every year to the same well monitored nursery colony in Norway to give birth to its pups, we can present the life history of the mother bat including the reproductive data of five more consecutive years. This enabled us also to evaluate the birthing process of the conjoined twin in the light of physiological behavioural birthing data.

The phrenic nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the diaphragm, which is essential for breathing. The literature lacks data regarding the nervous and respiratory systems of wild animals, especially the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Therefore, this study aimed to describe the origin and terminal distribution of the phrenic nerve in the diaphragm of Chrysocyon brachyurus. Seven maned wolf specimens were preserved by a 10% formaldehyde solution and were later dissected. The phrenic nerve most frequently originated from the ventral branches of C5, C6, and C7, forming trunks that merged when they reached the first rib. Upon the diaphragm, the phrenic nerve exhibited a terminal bifurcation into the lumbocostal trunk and the sternal branch. The distribution of the branches was symmetrical and specific to the lumbar, costal, and sternal portions of the diaphragm, with no innervation of the central tendon or caudal vena cava. It was not observed contributions from the intercostal nerves to the diaphragm innervation. It is concluded that the phrenic nerve of the maned wolf originates from the ventral branches of C5, C6, and C7, showing unisegmental or plurisegmental characteristics and representing the sole nervous supply to the diaphragm in this species. The findings demonstrate similarities with what is described in the crab-eating fox, but there are significant differences compared to the domestic dog, indicating interspecies variability in phrenic nerve morphology among carnivores and highlighting the need for further comparative studies.