Emerging Techniques in Spatial Multiomics: Fundamental Principles and Applications to Dermatology.

Bojing B Jia, Bryan K Sun, Ernest Y Lee, Bing Ren
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Abstract

Molecular pathology, such as high-throughput genomic and proteomic profiling, identifies precise disease targets from biopsies but require tissue dissociation, losing valuable histologic and spatial context. Emerging spatial multi-omic technologies now enable multiplexed visualization of genomic, proteomic, and epigenomic targets within a single tissue slice, eliminating the need for labeling multiple adjacent slices. Although early work focused on RNA (spatial transcriptomics), spatial technologies can now concurrently capture DNA, genome accessibility, histone modifications, and proteins with spatially-resolved single-cell resolution. This review outlines the principles, advantages, limitations, and potential for spatial technologies to advance dermatologic research. By jointly profiling multiple molecular channels, spatial multiomics enables novel studies of copy number variations, clonal heterogeneity, and enhancer dysregulation, replete with spatial context, illuminating the skin's complex heterogeneity.

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空间多组学的新兴技术:皮肤病学的基本原理和应用》。
分子病理学,如高通量基因组和蛋白质组分析,可从活检组织中确定精确的疾病靶点,但需要进行组织分离,从而失去了宝贵的组织学和空间背景。现在,新出现的空间多组学技术可对单个组织切片内的基因组、蛋白质组和表观基因组目标进行多重可视化,从而无需对多个相邻切片进行标记。虽然早期的工作主要集中在 RNA(空间转录组学),但现在空间技术可以同时捕获 DNA、基因组可及性、组蛋白修饰和蛋白质,并具有空间分辨的单细胞分辨率。本综述概述了空间技术在推动皮肤病学研究方面的原理、优势、局限性和潜力。通过联合剖析多个分子通道,空间多组学能够对拷贝数变异、克隆异质性和增强子失调进行新颖的研究,并提供完整的空间背景,从而揭示皮肤的复杂异质性。
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