Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches

IF 4.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 WATER RESOURCES Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.102054
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Abstract

Study Region

Tongde Basin, a typical alpine basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Study focus

Research on the hydrochemical pattern and availability of groundwater is very limited in alpine regions, which greatly hinders the rational ulitilization and scientific management of groundwater resources. Multiple approaches integrating self-organizing map, K-means, entropy weight were employed to elucidate the distinct hydrochemical evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins with dense human activities.

New hydrological insights for the region

Multiple hydrochemical evolution patterns were discovered for groundwater in present alpine basin on northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Groundwater presents a gradual hydrochemical evolution from the piedmont to the riverside under the natural regulation with the increasing of TDS and major ions along the flow path. While, groundwater at some sporadic sites is featured with relatively high total alkalinity due to carbonate mineral dissolution. The riverine groundwaters are regulated by the strong hydrodynamic condition of river and demonstrate fresher hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwaters in the irrigation areas are featured by elevated nitrate levels with a maximum of 42.86 mg/L, attributed to agricultural pollution inputs. A conceptual model was established to illustrate the distinct hydrochemical fingerprints, evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins that with dense human activities. This research can enhance the understanding of groundwater chemical status, genesis and availability, and is beneficial for the conservation and sustainable management of groundwater resources in ecologically fragile alpine regions worldwide.
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青藏高原高寒盆地地下水的地球化学指纹、演变和驱动力:无监督机器学习和客观权重分配方法的启示
研究区域青藏高原东北部典型的高寒盆地--同德盆地研究重点高寒地区地下水的水化学形态和可利用性研究十分有限,极大地阻碍了地下水资源的合理利用和科学管理。本研究采用自组织图、K-均值、熵权等多种方法,阐明了人类活动密集的高寒盆地地下水的水化学演化规律及其控制机制。 对该地区水文的新认识在青藏高原东北部的高寒盆地发现了地下水的多种水化学演化规律。在自然调节作用下,地下水呈现出从山麓到江边的渐进式水化学演化过程,沿水流路径的 TDS 和主要离子含量不断增加。而在一些零星地点,由于碳酸盐矿物的溶解,地下水的总碱度相对较高。沿河地下水受到河流强大水动力条件的调节,表现出较新鲜的水化学特征。灌溉区地下水的特点是硝酸盐含量较高,最高达 42.86 毫克/升,这归因于农业污染输入。研究建立了一个概念模型,以说明人类活动密集的高山盆地地下水的独特水化学特征、演变模式和控制机制。这项研究可以加深人们对地下水化学状况、成因和可用性的了解,有利于全球生态脆弱的高寒地区地下水资源的保护和可持续管理。
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来源期刊
Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies
Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
8.50%
发文量
284
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies publishes original research papers enhancing the science of hydrology and aiming at region-specific problems, past and future conditions, analysis, review and solutions. The journal particularly welcomes research papers that deliver new insights into region-specific hydrological processes and responses to changing conditions, as well as contributions that incorporate interdisciplinarity and translational science.
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