Mode coupling at an imperfect Fresnel surface in a fluorine-trench dual-mode fiber

IF 2.6 3区 计算机科学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Optical Fiber Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI:10.1016/j.yofte.2024.104027
Xiaolu Cao , Mingming Luo , Jianfei Liu , Jie Ma
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Abstract

Mode coupling, often overlooked at an imperfect Fresnel surface, is now examined in a fluorine-trench dual-mode fiber to avoid energy losses and signal degradation. For invisible defects on the reflecting surface, the orthogonal forward LP01 (LP11) mode with group velocity vgLP01 (vgLP11) partially converts to the backward LP11 (LP01) mode with vgLP11 (vgLP01) through a transfer matrix, respectively. Consequently, this interaction generates a unique hybrid backward mode, which results in an average round-trip time delay and the mean of the velocities, (vgLP01 + vgLP11)/2. Upon harvesting and analyzing the backward reflections using a high-resolution coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry, a Fresnel reflection peak corresponding to the hybrid mode is observed with a high signal-to-noise ratio precisely between the LP01 and LP11 peaks. Additionally, the frequency difference between the hybrid and LP01 (or LP11) modes is calculated to be 20.625 Hz exactly half of the 41.250 Hz difference between the LP01 and LP11 modes. Further testing on five additional fiber segments ranging from 8.812 m to 10.812 m corroborates this theory, as their vghybrid values align closely with (vgLP01 + vgLP11)/2. Our analytical insights detail the dynamic mode coupling at an imperfect Fresnel surface, promising a flexible method for dynamic mode observation and regulation for mode division multiplexing optical fiber communications, particularly in enhancing the detection and mitigation of defects at fiber lasing end faces.
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氟沟槽双模光纤中不完美菲涅尔表面的模式耦合
在不完美菲涅尔表面的模式耦合经常被忽视,现在我们对氟沟槽双模光纤中的模式耦合进行了研究,以避免能量损失和信号衰减。对于反射面上的不可见缺陷,群速度为 vgLP01 (vgLP11) 的正交前向 LP01 (LP11) 模式会通过传递矩阵分别部分转换为 vgLP11 (vgLP01) 的后向 LP11 (LP01) 模式。因此,这种相互作用产生了一种独特的混合后向模式,导致平均往返时间延迟和速度平均值 (vgLP01 + vgLP11)/2 。利用高分辨率相干光频域反射仪采集和分析后向反射后,可以观察到一个与混合模式相对应的菲涅尔反射峰,其信噪比很高,正好位于 LP01 和 LP11 峰之间。此外,混合模式和 LP01(或 LP11)模式之间的频率差经计算为 20.625 赫兹,正好是 LP01 和 LP11 模式之间频率差 41.250 赫兹的一半。对另外五段从 8.812 米到 10.812 米的光纤进行的进一步测试证实了这一理论,因为它们的 vghybrid 值与 (vgLP01 + vgLP11)/2 非常接近。我们的分析见解详细说明了不完美菲涅尔表面的动态模式耦合,有望为模分复用光纤通信的动态模式观测和调节提供一种灵活的方法,特别是在增强光纤激光端面缺陷的检测和缓解方面。
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来源期刊
Optical Fiber Technology
Optical Fiber Technology 工程技术-电信学
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
11.10%
发文量
327
审稿时长
63 days
期刊介绍: Innovations in optical fiber technology are revolutionizing world communications. Newly developed fiber amplifiers allow for direct transmission of high-speed signals over transcontinental distances without the need for electronic regeneration. Optical fibers find new applications in data processing. The impact of fiber materials, devices, and systems on communications in the coming decades will create an abundance of primary literature and the need for up-to-date reviews. Optical Fiber Technology: Materials, Devices, and Systems is a new cutting-edge journal designed to fill a need in this rapidly evolving field for speedy publication of regular length papers. Both theoretical and experimental papers on fiber materials, devices, and system performance evaluation and measurements are eligible, with emphasis on practical applications.
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