Highly efficient lithium leaching from α-spodumene via binary composite salts low-temperature roasting process

IF 4.5 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL Powder Technology Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2024.120404

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Abstract

With the rapid development and widespread application of lithium-ion batteries, the demand for lithium has surged dramatically, drawing increasing attention to its extraction from spodumene deposits. However, the sustainable development of the lithium industry faces challenges, as traditional processes are hindered by high conversion temperatures, excessive acid consumption, and difficulties in purifying the leachate. Hence, we propose a binary composite additive system based on sodium sulfate‑calcium oxide (Na₂SO₄-CaO) for roasting α-spodumene at comparative low temperatures. The optimal roasting conditions entailed a mass ratio of spodumene/CaO/Na₂SO₄ at 1:0.1:0.8, a roasting temperature of 900 °C, a holding time of 2 h, a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 mL/g, and leaching at 60 °C for 30 min, resulting in an impressive lithium leaching efficiency of 95.45 %. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses reveal that the roasting formed the product of water-soluble LiNaSO₄, which was then dissolved into water, with the leaching process being governed by internal diffusion.

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通过二元复合盐低温焙烧工艺从α-锑中高效萃取锂

随着锂离子电池的快速发展和广泛应用，对锂的需求急剧增加，从锂辉石矿床中提取锂也日益受到关注。然而，由于传统工艺存在转化温度高、酸消耗量大、浸出液难以净化等问题，锂产业的可持续发展面临挑战。因此，我们提出了一种基于硫酸钠-氧化钙（Na2SO4-CaO）的二元复合添加剂系统，用于在相对较低的温度下焙烧α-锑。最佳焙烧条件包括：质量比为 1:0.1:0.8、焙烧温度为 900 ℃、保温时间为 2 小时、液固比为 5 mL/g、浸出温度为 60 ℃、浸出时间为 30 分钟，锂浸出效率高达 95.45%。热力学和动力学分析表明，焙烧形成了水溶性 LiNaSO4 产物，然后将其溶解到水中，沥滤过程受内部扩散控制。

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来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.