Virtual screening and lead optimization of Desmostachya bipinnata-derived FGFR inhibitors for oral squamous cell carcinoma management

Abstract

Background

Oral cancer remains a major global health challenge with limited therapeutic options, highlighting the need for novel treatments. Phytochemicals derived from Desmostachya bipinnata (Db), a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, have demonstrated potential anti-cancer effects. However, their mechanisms of action, particularly in targeting Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) in oral cancer, are not well characterized.

Objective

This study aimed to leverage in-silico drug design methodologies to identify bioactive compounds from Db with potential FGFR-inhibiting activity for the treatment of oral cancer.

Methodology

An MTT assay was conducted using KB cell lines to evaluate cytotoxic effects, while thirty-eight phytochemicals from Db were screened through in silico approaches for their pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and drug-likeness. Molecular docking studies were performed to assess binding affinities to the FGFR protein. The biological activity and toxicity of the compounds were predicted to prioritize candidates for further investigation.

Results

Fourteen compounds were identified as promising candidates based on their drug-like properties, favourable pharmacokinetic profiles, significant FGFR binding affinities, and predicted anti-cancer activity. These compounds also demonstrated potential for oral bioavailability and central nervous system penetration, supporting their candidacy for further drug development. Notably, the traditional use of Desmostachya bipinnata in TCM emphasizes its role in enhancing overall vitality and immune function, which may synergize with the identified FGFR-inhibiting properties in the context of oral cancer treatment

Conclusion

The phytochemicals from Desmostachya bipinnata exhibit significant potential as FGFR-targeted therapeutic agents for oral cancer. Further experimental validation and optimization of these lead compounds could contribute to the development of novel, effective treatments for oral cancer and related conditions